Jaipur The Pink city

Sawai Jai Singh(1727)

INTRODUCTION

Jaipur was the first planned city of India

Jaipur was the capital of the desert state of Rajasthan,

it has the rightful blend of rich heritage monuments,

palaces ,lakes and gardens with the modern buildings

and shopping arcades.

Total area 480 sq. km

Population - 23,24,319 [2001]

Location - Extends from latitude 26.55 in the north to

Longitude 75.52 in the east.

Climate - The climate is extreme hot & humid summers

and chilly winters

HISTORY OF JAIPUR

Jaipur, the pink city was founded in 1727 by Maharaja

Jai Singh II, a Kachhwaha Rajput, who ruled from 1699-

1744. Initially his capital was Amber, which lies at a

distance of 11kms from Jaipur. He felt the need of

shifting his capital city with the increase in population

and growing scarcity of water.

Original plan of Jaipur City was prepared probably by

Sawai Jai Singh himself and Vidyadhar Chief Assistant

of Sawai Jai Singh helped him in this town planning.

In 19th cent. Maharaja Ram Singh tried to renovate

the city and had all the buildings facing the main roads

were painted pink. He tried to colour the streets in

different colour such as green, yellow, pink, etc. and

finally adopted the pink colour, so it is known as Pink

SITE

The geographical setting of the city played a very

important role in the overall development of the city.

The land profiles, slopes and the relief have been

responsible for shaping the city in its existing form.

The presence of hill ranges towards the north and

the north-east directed the city growth towards the

south and south-west directions.

The site chosen to the south of the existing town of

Amer

The hill on the north west had the fort Jaigarh which

remained the place of final retreat.

The location of ridges and its inclination of 15

degrees was a determining factor for the layout of the

streets. The inclination of the city at 15 degrees could

have been in respect to the wind direction north-

DEVELOPMENT OF SITE

The site has been

developed as a mandala

The plan of Jaipur City was

very simple. It is built on a

regular and scientific town

planning with roads

intersection each other at

right angles forming wards,

which are again divided in

smaller blocks by streets and

lanes the wider streets being

alternated by narrower ones,

has produced a pattern of its

kind not only in India but even

outsides.

Accommodating the

western and eastern

adjustments

Basic Plan of Jaipur City

E

Wall around

the city

Chaupors &Main

Connecting roads

WALLED-CITY STRUCTURES

The city was encompassed by a wall 9m high and

2,74m thick and had seven gates or Darwazas.

The Pink City of India has been divided into nine blocks or chowkris each of size 900m x 1000m, of which two are kept for the City Palace complex gardens and other state buildings, merged into one whereas the other seven blocks were earmarked for the public. This orthogonal cluster had two major roads running east, west,north, south.

The main street dividing the area into wards(chowkis)

and crossroads (chaupar).

The extreme length of the east-west axis is 3 Km named Bazaar, making it ideally suit for the pedestrian movement connecting Surajpol and Chandpol is on the ridge and the north-south road which forms the sector boundaries is 33m wide. There is a network of 18m wide roads which run north-south with in the sector and a further grid of 4.5m roads.

ARCHITECTURE

The architecture of Jaipur is not

different from the common style of Indian

architecture, but it has it own peculiarities

developed through the use of very fine

mortar the like which is not found else

where in India. The particular features

of Jaipur architecture are; the tapering

columns, scalloped as well as plain pointed

arches, brackets and balconies or Jharokhas,

squat domes, square, octagonal and

rectangular,curvilinear domes and Chajjas

pillared and domes Chattatries portico or the Taj with portal

seats, easy ramps instead of steps, gigantic gateways,

spacious

Mandapas' or assembly halls in temples, high basement,

chabutras, courtyards and the Jali.

RESIDENTIAL STYLE

The plans were symmetrical about an axis.

The well articulated entry from the street opened onto

a courtyard through an indirect access.

Courtyard usually square in shape.

The facades were massive with few and small

openings to prevent the glare.

Jharokha, cusped arches, foliated columns are the

elements of Rajasthani buildings.

62% - Residential

12% - Circulation,

8% - Public space,

2% - Recreation & Stadium,

2% - Government,

10% - Industry

4% - Commercial.

DIVISION OF LAND USE

INFRASTRUCTURE

Electricity

Water

Transport

Communication facilities

Educational facilities/institutions

Industry

WATER

The major rivers passing through the Jaipur

district are Banas and Banganga.

Ground water resources to the extent of about

28.65 million cubic meter are available in the district.

Although serious drought is rare, poor water

management and exploitation of groundwater with

extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in

some areas.

The city has adequate water supply with an

availability corresponding to126.5 covering more

than 86.5% population.

However, on account of a high UFW (unaccounted

for water) of 44%, the net water supply gets reduced to

82icpd.

The main source of water is ground water, which is

fast depleting (at the rate of 3m/annum) as a result of

growing population pressure.

The water quality is also deteriorating due to

disposal of sewerage using soak-pits. The operation

and maintenance expenditure on water-supply is high

TRANSPORT

ROADWAYS:

The National Highway No.8 links Delhi to Ahmedabad and No.11, linking Bikaner to Agra passes through Jaipur district to a total length of 366 km. The total length of different types of roads in the district was about 4,102 km as of March 2000.

RAILWAYS:

Jaipur district is connected with rail route to Sri Ganganagar, Ajmer, Udaipur and Sirohi. Jaipur is also connected with major centres of neighbouring states such as Agra {U.P} Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Delhi.

AIRWAYS:

Jaipur has domestic air links with Jodhpur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Delhi, Mumbai, and internationally with London, Dublin and Dubai.

LOCAL TRANSPORT: Auto-rickshaws, buses, cycle-rickshaw. The Rajasthan State Roadways operates regular bus service to Amer Palace and round the city.

COMMUNICATION FACILITIES

Post offices 599

Telegraph offices 143

Telecom centers 9

PCO 9859

Telephone exchanges 150

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES/INSTITUTIONS

University of Rajasthan having more than 45

Colleges,

2 Agricultural colleges,

2 Engineering colleges,

1 Polytechnic colleges,

1 Medical colleges,

554 Secondary & higher secondary schools,

1,460 Higher primary schools,

2,905 Primary schools,

2 ITIs,

2 Agricultural research centre

INDUSTRIES

Jaipur falls in a rich mineral belt of marble, precious and semi precious stones, which makes it a unique marketplace for both raw and finished products.

Jewellery of precious and semi-precious stones .

Jaipur is world famous for gold and silver jewellery made in the Kundan and Meenakari traditions.

For Miniature paintings

According to occupation structure three major activities of Jaipur are the service sector, industry trade and commerce.

The walled city accounts for 54% of the total commercial area of the city and employs 32% of the total workforce of the city.

ECONOMY

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

These are the some important building in Jaipur

1. THE MUSEUM -

The Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum was established in 1959.

The success, the achievements of the Maharajas are still the

source of inspiration for common people. The sole aim of the

museum is to portray the victory and achievements of the

Maharajas and educate people of both India and abroad and feel

proud of those. The collection of the museum includes

decorative are objects of historical importance.

Presently there are three galleries in the museum.

CITY PALACE JAIPUR

Location: Next to the renowned Hawa Mahal

Built by: Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh

City Palace forms one of the most famous tourist attractions and a

major landmark in Jaipur. The beautiful palace was built by

Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh during his reign. Among the various

forts and palaces of Jaipur, City Palace stands apart, with its

outstanding art and architecture. City Palace complex covers a

huge area, which is divided into a series of gardens, courtyards

and buildings. Initially, Raja Jai Singh built the outer wall

occupying a huge area. The additional grand buildings were

constructed later by the succeeding rulers

HAWA MAHAL

Location: Next to the entrance of City Palace

Built by: Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh

Built in: 1799

Highlights: Its Rajputana architecture

Hawa Mahal is a pyramid-shaped facade with five stories. It has 953

small

windows decorated with tiny lattice work. These pink sandstone

windows

commonly known as "Jharokhas" are constructed in such a style, that

it looks

like a giant honeycomb.

The air circulation through windows

represents the marvelous touch of

Mughal designing, which keeps the

Palace always cool. The small

screened balconies and arched

roofs with hanging cornices enhance

the beauty of the Palace. The

Pyramidal outline and replication

GAITORE -

Gaitore is situated on the Jaipur-Amber road, about 15 kms from

Jaipur. Gaitore is a royal cremation site of the majestic rulers of

Jaipur. There is a cenotaph for each Maharaja, built in his honor.

These royal cenotaphs of the Maharajas are commonly known as

'Chhatris'.

JAIGARH FORT

Jaigarh Fort is located on the top of the hill, by the name of Cheel ka

Teela (Hill of Eagles). Jaigarh Fort is also known as the 'Victory Fort',

located at a comfortable distance of 15kms from Jaipur. Jaigarh Fort

is considered as one of the spectacular forts in India.

JANTAR MANTAR

Jantar Mantar at Jaipur is the largest stone observatory in the World

and this feature makes it, a special destination for a traveler. Jantar

Mantar of Jaipur is one of the five astronomical observatories built by

Maharaja Jai Singh, the founder of Jaipur.

Nahargarh Fort is the first of the three forts built by Maharaja Jai

Sawai Singh of Jaipur. The Fort stands at the top of rugged point of

the Aravalis and offers a spectacular view of the City. Keeping this

fact in mind, the fort was made to serve as a means of supporting

the security of Amer.

STATUE CIRCLE

Statue Circle forms a major landmark of Jaipur. It is situated on a

busy crossing of the city. Statue Circle has got its name from the

statue, which it portrays. Statue Circle comprises the statue of King

Sawai Jai Singh, the founder of Jaipur.

NAHARGARH FORT

SHOPPING CENTERS

Jaipur is a land of vibrant colors and exceptional artistry. Jaipur

has a number of bazaars or markets each specializing in particular

items. Some of the well known bazaars of Jaipur are -

Johari Bazaar

Jaipur is well known for its jewelry especially precious and semi-

precious stones. Johari Bazaar is the best place to buy traditional

Rajasthani jewelry.

Bapu Bazaar and NehruBazaar

Bapu Bazaar and Nehru Bazaar is famous for its Mojri footwear

which is made up of camel leather and is artistically designed and

embroidered.

Kishanpol Bazaar

Located parallel to Baba Harish Chandra Marg and Chaura Rasta,

Kishanpol Bazaar is famous for its textiles and wooden furniture.

Bandhani textiles are available here.

Tripolia Bazaar

Tripolia Bazaar, known for ironware, brassware and carpets is

situated between Manak Chowk and Chhoti Chaupar. Other items

available here are traditionally designed trinkets, utensils, rugs and

many more household items.

Khazana Walo ka Rasta

Khazana Walo ka Rasta is famous for selling different kinds of

sculptures. It is situated parallel to Baba Harish Chandra Marg.