ITALYLAYERS OF HISTORY

THREE LAYERS

GREEK

ROMAN

MODERN

GREEK LAYER: 850-275 BCE

WE WILL BE HERE

Greeks needed farmland (grain) and timber (ships) for survival.

Southern Italy and Sicily had both! Needed harbors to export resources.

They settled as far north as there were harbors (Cumae)

GREEK COLONIZATION

GREEK SITES WE WILL SEE

CUMAE PAESTUM

Daedalus myth (Cumae) Neopolis (Naples) Agora: Greek Marketplace (Pompeii) Greek gods: Hera, Apollo (Paestum)

GREEK INFO

ROMAN LAYER: 850 BCE – 476 CE

WE WILL BE HERE

PLEASE NOTE: IN 850 BCE, WHEN THE GREEKS WERE COLONIZING, ROME WAS A TINY CITY STATE.

ROME 850 BCE

Rome needed harbors to expand. Natural harbors are in the South held by

the Greeks, remember? By a series of wars including fighting the

Greeks (Pyrrhic Wars), Rome controls the Italian peninsula 275 CE

By having harbors, Rome is now in direct competition with Carthage, the largest maritime power in the Mediterranean

The collision of the two powers takes place in Sicily.

ROMAN EXPANSION

ROMAN EXPANSIONCHECK OUT YELLOW AND LIGHT GREEN

Punic Wars with Carthage 264-146 BCE As a result of the Wars, Rome becomes

the dominant power in the Mediterranean.

Roman territory now includes most of the Mediterranean – an overnight empire!

ROMAN EXPANSION

ROMAN EXPANSIONCHECK OUT GRAY AND ORANGE

The Punic Wars deeply affected Roman social and political structure. It led to many famous civil wars (Marius, Caesar, Antony)

The result was that the Roman Republic fell and one man took over (Augustus).

The good news in all this was that Rome enjoyed almost 200 years of peace and prosperity (Pax Romana) and huge expansion

The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius fell in this period.

ROMAN EXPANSION

ROMAN SITES WE WILL SEE

HERCULANEUM

AQUA AUGUSTA ALEXANDER MOSAIC

POMPEII VILLA JOVIS - CAPRI

Roman gods Roman Naval Headquarters Roman aqueducts Roman Emperors (Tiberius) Roman Forum (marketplace) Roman libraries

ROMAN INFO

MODERN SITES WE WILL SEE

National Library

Cathedral of Naples

Castel Nuovo

Cathedral of Amalfi

NATURAL SITES WE WILL SEE

NATURAL SITES WE WILL SEE

SOLFITARA SORRENTO

NATURAL SITES WE WILL SEE

AMALFI COAST

HOME FOR 8 DAYS!