ITALYBy Turkish Group

History

• 800-600 B.C.

• Greeks, Etruscans and others settle in Italy.

• 753 B.C.

• Rome is founded. This marks the beginning of the Roman Kingdom.

• 509 B.C.

• The monarchy is overthrown, and Rome becomes a republic. From 46 to 44 B.C., Julius Caesar rules as dictator.

• 27 B.C.

• Augustus becomes the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He is Julius Caesar's grand-nephew and adopted son.

• 1200-1600 A.D.

• Rome, Florence and Venice prosper during the Renaissance, a period of renewed interest in culture.

• 1861

• Italy becomes a unified nation under King Victor Emmanuel II.

• 1915

• Italy enters World War I on the side of the Allies.

• 1940-1943

• Italy sides with Germany and enters World War II. In 1943, dictator Benito Mussolini is forced to resign.

• 1946

• Italians vote to end the monarchy and make their nation a democratic republic.

• 1984

• Catholicism is no longer Italy's formal state religion.

• 2008

• Billionaire Silvio Berlusconi returns to power as prime minister. He begins a third term.

2009In April, the mountainous area of Abruzzo is badly hit by an earthquake. Many people are injured and left

homeless.

Art

From Gothic to Renaissance :The Fourteenth Century in Italy

City-States• Economic advantages

• Trade

• Capitalism

• Industrial production

• Catholic Church

• Political situation

• Somewhat unstable

• Some were despotic

• Republics tended to be oligarchies

Italian Art

• Influenced by Byzantine style art

• Wall painting and painting on wood panels becomes popular

• Altarpieces - on main alters and secondary altars in cathedrals, in parish churches and private chapels

• Italo-Byzantine style, maniera greca shown in St. Francis Altarpiece by Berlinghieri

St. Francis Altarpiece - 1235by Bonaventura Berlinghieri

Palazzo Pubblico 1288-1309

Sixteenth-Century Art in Italy

• The sixteenth century in Europe was a time of unprecedented change. It was the beginning of the modern era, and it saw a revolution in almost every aspect of life. The century opened with the discovery of a new continent. The renaissance in Italy was peaking and spreading north, even arriving in backwaters like England. Life was largely prosperous for the average person, the economy was growing. The mechanisms of commerce, systems of international finance, ocean-going trading fleets, an entrepreneurial bourgeoisie, were all building a recognizably capitalist, money-based economy.

1

Leonardo da Vinci - 1452 -1519 perfected chiaroscuro painting

• Mona Lisa (La Gioconda)c. 1503-5Oil on panel, 77 x 53 cmMusée du Louvre, Paris

Raphael- (1483-1520)  Popular

painter with societyGalatea

Fresco - 1513

• MichelangeloBuonarroti 1475 - 1564Italian, Florentine

• Michelangelo produced at least two relief sculptures by the time he was 16 years old, the Battle of the Centaurs and the Madonna of the Stairs

The Italian Renaissance

• Leonardo

• Michelangelo

• Raphael

• Titian