ITA-AITES - Safe working in tunneling.pdf

7/22/2019 ITA-AITES - Safe working in tunneling.pdf

1/66

AITES

ITA

Towards animproved use

of undergroundSpace

In Consultative Status, Category II with theUnited Nations Economic and Social Council

http://www.ita-aites.org

ASSOCIATIONINTERNATIONALE DES TRAVAUX

EN SOUTERRAININTERNATIONALTUNNELLINGASSOCIATION

Safe working in Tunnelling

HEALTH AND SAFETY IN WORKS

Title

Topic

published

Abstract: -

Rsum: -

Remarks: These guidelines are based on the results of the research project "Prevention of accidents in tunnelling".This document is written for tunnel workers and first line supervision.

This new version is an extended version of the booklet published in 1989, which was published in different

languages: English, French, German, Swedish, Spanish,Italian, ..

in "Safe working in Tunnelling",

Working Group: WG 5 - "Health and Safety in Works"

AuthorITA WG Health and Safety in Works

Open Session, Seminar, Workshop: -

Others: Guidelines

by ITA - AITES, www.ita-aites.org

Nr. 2, pp. 1 - 65, Year 2004


2/66


3/66

Safe Working

This document is writtenfor tunnel workers

and first line supervision

Prepared by the ITA Working GroupHealth and Safetyand financed by TBG and ITA

Dear Tunneller,

Underground construction work can bedangerous and the best way to preventaccidents is to recognise the risks in time and

then to act in the appropriate way.

Insignificant happenings can often causesevere accidents which could be avoided by

observing some important rules.The following sketches serve as a guide for safe

and accident-free underground constructionwork. Taking examples from routine tasksa dangerous situation is compared with

the equivalent safe operation.

Acting in the right way reduces the riskfor accidents. We hope you will enjoy reading

this booklet and that you may never beinvolved in an accident at work.

Copyright ITA members may reproduce this publication with the text

translated into their own languages, providing theycontact the ITA-Secretariat beforehand.

Design Concept & Layout: Graphicteam Kln BonnIllustrations: Eitel Schwarzer


4/66


5/66

The Tunnellers Equipment

5

1

4


6/66

Personal Safety Outfit

7

hard hat safety shoes (boots) gloves

protective clothing other personnel protective equipment

(depending on working process)

1.1

6


7/66


9

1.2

8

1

2

3

7

4

5

6

1 eye protection2 hard hat3 respiratory protection

4 gloves5 ear muffs6 ear plugs7 safety boots


8/66


11

1.3

10

1

2

5

3

6

4

1 waterproof clothing2 self rescuer3 reflecting warning vest

4 hard hat for shotcreting5 hand lamp6 cap lamp


9/66

Tunnel Installations

13

2

12


10/66

Fresh air ducts

extend close to the working face avoid kinks repair any damage immediately

Ventilation

1514

2.1

sufficient ventilation test and measure at regular intervals avoid re-circulation from the portal

Ventilation


11/66

all light fittings should be protected against ingress of water check, maintain and clean lighting installations regularly safety lighting system (emergency lighting)

light all places of work and access ways install special lighting at dangerous places use flashing warning lights adjacent to dangerous locations

Lighting2.2

1716


12/66

all electrical installations to be set, modified and repairedby qualified electricians;(work on high voltage network [transmission or power lines]

only permitted with a special authorisation) adhere to national requirements use earth fault circuit breaker 30 mA

support cables and pipelines securely on bracketsagainst risks of impact, bending, abrasion, tension

use appropriate fittings and coupling system

Electrical Installationsand Supply Lines2.3

1918


13/66

set up first aid and rescue installations set up appropriate fire extinguishers

(observe fire classification)

provide self-rescuers in sufficient number and size

give regular instructions on emergency drillsand rescue procedures

carry out emergency drills with the participation

of the fire-brigade provide effective emergency communications(check regularly)

Emergency Equipment2.4

2120


14/66

Walkways to Working Places

23

3

22


15/66

Walkways with Non-rail Operation

Protection

separate paths for vehicles and pedestrians install guard rails alongside the pedestrian path maintain the vehicle path surface and wet it to reduce dust

25

3.1

Danger

being struck

24


16/66

Walkways with Track Operation

Protection

separate path for vehicles and pedestrians put locos at the ends provide a video monitoring system to observe

ahead of train when pushing in longer tunnels use rail personnel carriers

27

3.2

Danger

being struck slipping and tripping hazards

26

3 3


17/66

Passenger Transport

Protection

do not ride on equipment provide and use suitable vehicles for passenger transport

29

3.3

Danger

falling being struck

28

3 4


18/66

Transport in Shafts

Protection

install safety hoops and intermediate landings do not overload skip use either stair tower (diagonal ladderways)

or personnel lift do not carry heavy items

31

3.4

Danger

falling from the ladder being crushed by the skip fall of excavated material

30

Access and Work Places3 5


19/66

Access and Work Placeson Ladders

Protection

remove damaged ladders from site put both feet on the rung and do not

reach over too far while working

do only simple and close work on ladders

33

3.5

Danger

falling

32

4


20/66

Excavation

35

4

34

4 1


21/66

3736

Manual Drilling

Protection

adopt safe working position worker as well as drilling tool wet drilling wear hearing and eye protection

4.1

Danger

slipping and falling dust, noise

4 2


22/66

Jumbos

Protection

keep away from danger area wet drilling wear hearing protection

39

4.2

Danger

being knocked over, being crushed, being struck rock fall dust, noise

38

4 3


23/66

Charging the Blast Holes

Protection

only charge after the whole face has been completely drilled work can only be carried out under the supervision

of an authorised and qualified blasting specialist

use working platforms

41

4.3

Danger

accidental detonation by drilling into explosives being knocked over or crushed by drilling boom falling

40

4 4


24/66

Blasting

Protection

keep away from the area to be blasted switch off the ventilation completely before blasting switch on the ventilation at full capacity after blasting

the team has to stay in a protective shelter(safety container or blasting shelter) after blasting in small tunnels the protective shelter can be installed

in a niche

43

4.4

Danger

fly rock toxic fumes resulting from blasting

42

4 5


25/66

Excavation with Excavator

Protection

do not enter danger zone light the working area adequately use acoustic signal when driving backwards

45

4.5

Danger

being crushed being run over

44

4 6


26/66

Excavation with Roadheader

Protection

install effective dust control system install waterspray system at cutting head do not enter machine danger zone light the working area adequately

47

4.6

Danger

dust containing quartz (silicosis) being crushed being run over flying debris

46

5


27/66

Primary Support

49

5

48

5 1


28/66

Scaling

Protection

use a machine for rock scaling do not enter the danger zone before scaling completed light the working area adequately

51

5.1

Danger

rock fall collapse resulting from the instability

of the exposed rock faces

50

l S li5 2


29/66

Manual Scaling

Protection

only work from a safe area use working platforms light the area adequately

53

5.2

Danger

rock fall falling from heights being crushed

52

I t lli Wi M h5 3


30/66

Installing Wire Mesh

Protection

use working baskets Keep clear of machine working zone light the area adequately

55

5.3

Danger

falling being crushed

54

I t lli A h5 4


31/66

Installing Arches

Protection

use working baskets (twin-lift booms with 2 platforms) use machine according to its intended use do not enter the danger zone

57

5.4

Danger

falling from heights being crushed lack of adequate lighting

56

Setting Rock Bolts5 5


32/66

Setting Rock Bolts

Protection

use working baskets of jumbo wear eye and hearing protection

59

5.5

Danger

falling from heights noise

58

Shotcreting5 6


33/66

Shotcreting

Protection

use working baskets use protective clothing use shotcrete robot where possible wear protective hard hat for shotcreting wear respiratory protection

61

5.6

Danger

falling from heights rebound dust chemical additives

60

Spraying Manipulator5.7


34/66

Spraying Manipulator

Protection

do not enter the danger zone distance between nozzle and wall 1,5 m wear shotcrete protective helmet wear respiratory protection wet mix concrete with alkali free additive

to reduce dust and atmospheric pollution

63

5.7

Danger

being crushed rebound dust burst of concrete hose

62

Shotcreting (dry process)5.8


35/66

Shotcreting (dry process)

Protection

use closed shotcreting machine use dry mix sprayed concrete with cement

(without accelerator) alternative: use moist aggregates

(with alkali-free accelerator) use a nozzle with pre-dampening system

65

5.8

Danger

dust containing quartz (silicosis) skin and eye irritation resulting from

accelerator containing alkali

64

Maintenance ofShotcrete Plant / Equipment5.9


36/66

Shotcrete Plant / Equipment

Protection

clean the equipment with high pressure water jet machine must be switched off when cleaning inside it use alkali-free accelerator

67

5.9

Danger

crushed limbs as a result of the machine beingunintentionally switched on

skin and eye irritation resulting fromthe spillage of accelerator containing alkali

66

Removing Obstructions5.10


37/66

Removing Obstructions

Protection

take hold of the end of the hose do not enter the danger zone where concrete

is being ejected the operator must monitor the danger zone

69

5.10

Danger

injury resulting from the hose whipping about danger when opening the clogged up supply hose

68

Transport6


38/66

7170

p6

Loading the Excavated Material6.1


39/66

7372

g

Protection

do not enter the loading area (danger zone) keep the running surface in good condition do not overload dumper light the loading zone adequately

Danger

being struck being crushed falling material dust, noise

tripping, falling

Travelling Past Working Areas6.2


40/66

7574

g g

Protection

use flashing warning lights at secured working areas keep a safe distance, drive slowly do not overload dumper light all working places adequately

Danger

being run over falling material

Driving Pastthe Edge of an Excavation6.3


41/66

7776 Protection

maintain a safety distance from edge place guard barriers at the edge of ramp incline drive slowly on ramp incline do not overload dumper

Danger

the vehicle could tip over falling material

Turning in Tunnels6.4


42/66

7978 Protection

do not enter the danger zone visual monitoring of the rear mark turning area, provide adequate surfaceand light it

adequately

Danger

being run over being crushed

Reversing in Tunnels6.5


43/66

8180 Protection

separate paths for vehicles and pedestrians visual monitoring of the rear of vehicle regularly clean vehicle mirrors and lights and replace

defective ones

light the area adequately wear reflective clothing

Danger

being struck or run over

Narrow Areaswhere Rail Vehicles are used6.6


44/66

8382 Protection

keep clear of track and mine cars when under operation separate railway area and pedestrian path keep pedestrian path clear of material and obstructions

Danger

being crushed being struck tripping up

Belt Transport6.7


45/66

8584 Protection

conveying belt and walkways should be delimited /separated

place emergency-OFF switches at regular space intervals

Danger

being trapped or grasped by running conveyor

Belt Transport(belt transfer points)6.8


46/66

8786 Protection

handing over or loading zone should be equipped witha sprinkler waterspray system

Alternative: housing systemwith dust exhaustioncontrol system

Danger

harmful dust

Shaft Transport(removal of excavated material)6.9


47/66

8988 Protection

do not enter the danger zone under skip supervise movements of skip instruct hoisting equipment operator by radio or telephone

Danger

being crushed falling material

Shaft Transport (loads)6.10


48/66

9190 Protection

do not stand under load sling properly loads instruct hosting equipment operator by radio or telephone

Danger

being injured by falling or swinging load

Final Lining7


49/66

9392

Installing Reinforcement7.1


50/66

9594 Protection

install side-guards use a telescopic working platform make sure that planking has correctly been put in place

Danger

falling

Travelling Formwork7.2


51/66

9796 Protection

access ways should be properly constructed and guarded

Danger

falling

Working in the Tunnel Formwork7.3


52/66

9998 Protection

keep the access ways clear of all loose material maintain working place in good order wear hearing protection when pouring concrete

Danger

tipping over and falling noise resulting from the external vibrator unsafe access and working places

TBM-Work8


53/66

101100

Maintenance of aFull Face Tunneling Machine8.1


54/66

103102 Protection

use the platform provided by manufacturer driving up of sheeting plates at workface should be

made hydraulically where required working face should be set under compressed air

Danger

falling drowning in bentonite collapse of excavated face

Installing Anchors in TBM Tunnels8.2


55/66

105104 Protection

provide safe, defined working place do not enter danger zone operator

Danger

cave-in and rock fall falling

Driving / Heading in Tracked Tunnels8.3


56/66

107106 Protection

track operation should be stopped when works arecarried out

use gates or signalling system (stoplights) driver cabs at both ends of train

Danger

being crushed being struck

Installing Segments (big tunnel)8.4


57/66

109108 Protection

provide safe, defined working place, use platform do not enter danger zone when segments are being

put in place maintain eye / visual contact with segment erector operator

Danger

falling being crushed

Installing Segments (small tunnel)8.5


58/66

111110 Protection

do not enter danger zone when segments are beingput in place

maintain eye / visual contact with segment erector operator

Danger

being crushed being knocked down

Toxic Substancesin the Breathing Air9


59/66

113112

9.1 Diesel Motor Emissions


60/66

Protection

equip machinery with particle filters use low emission diesel engine do not let the engine running unnecessarily provide sufficient ventilation

115Danger

diesel engine exhaust gas

114

9.2 Dust Emission


61/66

117Danger

harmful dust (silicosis, black lungs, other lung damage)

Danger

provide sufficient extraction ventilation exhaust dusts wet dusty areas use appropriate respiratory protection

116

First Aid10


62/66

119118

10.1 Rescue Chain


63/66

Emergency call

121

On-the-spot-measures(on principle: do not move injured person

unless in further danger)

120

10.2 Rescue Chain


64/66

Transport to medical centre

123

First Aid(if casualty unconscious turn head to side

to prevent suffocation)

122

Picture Proof

Front page


65/66

Front pageARGE Engelberg-Basistunnel

Zblin, Bilfinger+ Berger, Hochtief, Baresel,

Wayss& Freytag, Wolff & Mller

Last pageARGE Pumpspeicherwerk Goldisthal

Walter Bau vereinigt mit DYWIDAG, Zblin, STRABAG

Page 4: GeodataPage 12: Walter Bau AG

Page 22: Philipp Holzmann AGPage 34: ARGE Rennsteig Tunnel

Page 48: Vereina TunnelPage 70: ARGE Rennsteig Tunnel

Page 92: Walter Bau AGPage 100: ARGE 4te Rhre Elbtunnel

Herrenknecht AGPage 112: ARGE Rennsteig Tunnel

Page 118: ICE Tunnel Idstein

Acknowledgement

ITA would like to thank the German TBGand all the members of working group n 5for their tremendous work,

Dr. Martin Herrenknechtof Herrenknecht AG,Mr. Klaus Langendorf

of Liebherr Hydraulikbagger GmbH,Mr. Karl-Heinz Wennmohsof Atlas Copco MCT GmbH

for their support in the graphical designof this booklet.

124


66/66

ITA-AITES - Safe working in tunneling.pdf

Documents

Transcript of ITA-AITES - Safe working in tunneling.pdf