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IT for Managements

Storage Technologies

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Storage requirementsOrganisations are now grappling with theneed to keep larger and larger volumes of not

just business-critical information, but other

less critical data as well, for longer and longerperiods of time. Why is this?

1. Sound business requirements to hold moredetailed information on products, services,customers, suppliers and associatedtransactions that will inform business

strategy, drive growth and increase service22

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Issues to take care ofAssociated cost and overhead of managing

storage infrastructures that are everincreasing in complexity, with frequent

disjoints

Data that is often dispersed and evenduplicated across the organisation.

Challenge of providing protection against thevery real threats of loss, theft or sabotage,

Need to deal with growing issues aroundpower consumption, cooling and physicalspace availability. 33

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The value of data stored by an organisationvaries considerably and often changes overtime.

Rule of thumb, is that up to 90% of data thatis more than 90 days old is rarely or neveraccessed.

Recent study by the University of Californiawhich showed that 90% of data stored to NASwas never accessed again, and another 6.5%was only accessed one more time.

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Introducing the

concept of tieredstoragehierarchical storage management (HSM)The approach is based on defining different

classes of storage based on thecharacteristics of the devices being used andthen allocating data to those devices in a waythat fits in with business needs and data

retention policies

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A Historical PerspectiveThe first era was that of internal storage.

In these architectures, storage was highly

integrated with processor technology torealize the efficiencies necessary to providethe performance improvements that weredemanded as the utilization of IT accelerated.

The cost of storage technology wassufficiently high to encourage thedevelopment of storage-efficient architecturesand applications and to constrain the scale of

storage growth to a level that could be 66

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Second EraThe second era was that of external storage.

As the cost of storage technology declined

and as the standardization of external storagechannels stabilized with protocols such asESCON and SCSI.

System architectures evolved to the point that

many applications required augmentinginternal storage with storage that wasexternal to the processor.

The growth of external storage was alsofueled by the rise of heterogeneous 77

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Third EraThe third era is that of network storage.

The continued decline of storage technology

costs,The emergence of high-bandwidth

networking,

The development of access-dominatedapplications have led to the emergence of aseries of new storage architectures,

They differ in design concept and

technological approach but share the commoncharacteristic of bein inte rated into the

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Today, network storage is implemented in oneof two major forms:

Storage Area Network (SAN) Network Attached Storage (NAS)

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SANSANs are basically an extension of the

dedicated storage channel architecture,

Utilizes Fibre Channel technology to provideenhanced physical distribution of storageresources,

Enhanced sharing and access to storage

resources,

Enhanced manageability.

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NASNAS:an extension of client networking to

provide

enhanced independence between the storageresources and the server operating systems andfile systems,

enhanced sharing and access to data resources

in heterogeneous environments, enhanced scalability.

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SAN and NAS architectures can bedistinguished in three basic areas:

network transport,network protocol,

data structure.

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Network TransportSANs and Fibre Channel networks are often

used interchangeably.

While Fibre Channel is not the only possibletransport for SANs

It does remain an excellent choice because ofits bandwidth (1Gbps with 2Gbps within a

year) and its distance capabilities (up to10Km).

NAS architectures, implemented using theEthernet transport

Historicall fast Ethernet 100Mb s toda1313

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Network Protocol

SAN architectures use a straightforwardextension of the SCSI protocol to transportdata efficiently over local networks.

The efficiency of the SAN protocol can be veryimportant.

The sparseness of the protocol, however,

makes it difficult to extend a SAN beyond alocal networking environment.

NAS architectures, use the TCP/IP protocol.

IP is the protocol used in most Ethernetenvironments for Unix and Windows file1414