Issue211 update 3 Issue203.qxd

EckCUneday\tKitéfødl;mnÞIrRsuknigXuMTUTaMgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017

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b‘unfn RkahVikkuMBüÚT½r ³ esam b‘unfn RKb;RKgkarEckpSay ³ sn l½kç Email: [email protected], Homepage:

www.dccam.org, www.cambodiasri.org, www.truthcambodia.com

elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017

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ehtukarN_)anekIteLIg dUcCa jtþi kMNt;RtasmÖasn_Ca

mYyGtItExμrRkhm nig sakSIénkarrMelaPbMBan. CabEnßm

eyIgkan;kab;smuc½©yCaÉksarsMxan;lMdab;TIBIrCaeRcInEdr.

1¦ smuc½©y I (I-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tgnwg

ÉksarRbvtþirUb manrhUtdl;eTA 11>060 ÉksarEdl

esμInwg 59>242TMB½r ehIyRtÚv)ancuHbBa¢IÉksarCaRbBn§½

nigbBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yEpñkRbvtþirUbeRsc)ac;taMgBIqñaM

2004 mkemø:H. ÉksarTaMgenHKWsMNuMÉksarEdleFVI

eLIgedayExμrRkhm enAeBlEdlmankarerIsmnusS[cUl

beRmIGgÁkar.

2¦ smuc½©y K (K-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tgnwg

ÉksarRbvtþirUb manrhUtdl;eTA9>341Éksar EdlesμI

nwg 16>335TMB½r ehIyRtÚv)ancuHbBa¢I nigbBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½

Tinñn½yEpñkRbvtþirUbeRsc)ac;taMgEtBIqñaM2004.

3¦ smuc½©y L (L-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tgnwg

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manrhUtdl;eTA 8>715 ÉksarEdlesμInwg 42>484

TMB½r.

4¦ smuc½©y D (D-collection) rbs;eyIgmanÉksar

cRmúH dUcCa ÉksarevotNam Éksarcin esovePAkMNt;

rbs;ExμrRkhm TUrelx cemøIysarPaB Éksar Edl)anmk

BIbNÑsardæanCatiTak;TgnwgÉksarBaNiC¢kmμkñúgrbbExμr

Rkhm nigÉksarEdl)anmkBIGñkRsavRCavCan;x<s;elak

David Hawk. ÉksarRbePTenHmanrhUtdl;eTA 74>209

ÉksarEdlesμInwg 379>069 TMB½r. kñúgcMeNamÉksar

TaMgenaH ÉksarcMnYn 67>047 esμInwg 345>909 TMB½r

RtÚv)aneFVIkarcuHbBa¢IrYcral;ehIy. eyIgenAbnþcuHbBa¢I

ÉksarCaRbBn§½ nigbBa©ÚlÉksarEdlenAesssl;cUl

eTAkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yEpñkbBa¢IesovePAenAedImqñaM2015.

5¦ smuc½©y R (R-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tg

nwgÉksarrNsirS manpÞúkedayjtþibNþwgedayGñkrs;

ranmanCIvitBIrbbExμrRkhmkñúgqñaM1982 nig1983.

eyIgmanÉksarcMnYn 3>202 EdlesμInwg 19>707 TMB½r

ehIy)aneFVIkarcuHbBa¢IenAelIsnøwkRkdas.

6¦ smuc½©y J (J-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tg

nwgÉksarcemøIysarPaBBIkariyal½ysnþi)alExμrRkhm.

eyIgmanÉksarRbePTenHcMnYn 829Éksar EdlesμInwg

42>775TMB½r ehIy)ancuHbBa¢I nigbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRbBn§½

Tinñn½yEpñkbBa¢IesovePA (CBIB).

7¦eyIgmanÉksarcMnYn 502 ¬424 CaÉksar

kMNt;ehtupÞal;xøÜnrbs;ExμrRkhmEdlesμInwg 16>184

TMB½r nig 78 ÉksarCaRbePTÉksarTg;bdivtþn_¦. Éksar

TaMgenHKWCakMNt;ehtupÞal;xøÜnEdlbuKÁlExμrRkhmrkSaTuk

kñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1970. eyIg)aneFVIkarcuHbBa¢IenAelIsnøwk



RkdasrYcral;ehIy.

8¦ eyIgmanÉksarcMnYn 3>370 ÉksarEdl)an

mkBIKeRmagCMruj[mankarTTYlxusRtÚvesμInwg 80>254

TMB½r. ÉksarTaMgenHRtÚv)aneFVIcMNat;RbePTtamextþ

ehIybBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yedayELkEpñkkarTTYlxusRtÚv.

ÉksarRbePTenH rYmmankMNt;RtabTsmÖasn_ Edl)anmk

BIkarsmÖasn_rbs;eyIgCamYyGtItkmμaPi)alExμrRkhm.

9¦ eyIgrkSabNþúMénÉksarTak;TinnwgTsSnavdþI EsVg

rkkarBit. TsSnavdþIRbePTenHmancMnYn 210elx Ca

PasaExμr nig 87elx CaPasaGg;eKøs. eyIgrkSaTukCa

TRmg;mIRkÚhVIlEdr.

10¦ r)aykarN_EpnTIrbs;eyIg rYmmanCalm¥it

Edl)anmkBIkarcuHeTARsavRCavrukrkreNþAsaksBrYm Kuk

ExμrRkhm nigbUCnIydæanRbl½yBUCsasn_. r)aykarN_

enHCaRbePTÉksarEdlmin)ancuHbBa¢IeT ehIymancMnYn

46sMNuM esμInwg 8>739TMB½r CaGtßbT nig 2>086 Ca

rUbft.

11¦ÉksarTak;TgnwgGnøg;Evgrbs;eyIgrYmman14

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12¦ eyIgmanÉksarBak;Bn§½nwgtulakarEdlminTan;

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mkdl;eBlbc©úb,nñ mancMnYn 14>017 ÉksarEdlmin

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TUrs½BÞelx023211875 b¤GIuEm:l [email protected].



kalviPaKbBa©aMgExSPaBynþ Éksarrbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

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sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmsUmTak;Tg ³ Em:n BiciRt TUrsBÞelx ³ 023214009 GuIEm:l ³ [email protected]



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TUrs½BÞelx012996750b¤ 023211875.



R)aMmYyExedImqñaM1978enH bkSeyIg)anbMpus

clnaTUTaMgRbeTs TaMgkñúgbkS TaMgkñúgmhaCnsmUhPaB

nigkñúgkgT½B e)assm¥atxμaMgsuIrUgépÞkñúg )anTTYlmhaC½y

CmñH swgmann½yesμImhaC½yCmñH éf¶17 emsa1975.

BYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgTaMgenH vaCaPñak;gar es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;

garyYn nigCaPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb. vaEkøgbnøMxøÜneFVICaGñk

bdivtþn_ lak;xøÜnenAkñúgbkS enAkñúgshkrN_ shCIB mnÞIr

RksYg kgT½B kardæan edIm,IbMpøajbdivtþn_eyIgtamsPaB

karN_Cak;Esþg EdlvaGaceFVI)anenAtamkEnøgnImYy².

BYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgTaMgenH vabMpøajbkSeyIg

RbCaCneyIg bdivtþn_eyIg taMgBIsm½yeyIgeFVIbdivtþn_RbCa

Cati RbCaFibetyü rhUtmkdl;\LÚvenH EdleyIgkMBugbnþ

eFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniym nigksagsgÁmniym.

niyayrYm xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgEdlCaPñak;gar es>GuI>Ga

Pñak;garyYn nigPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb TaMgenH vaCasRtÚvsøab;rs;

maneRKaHfñak;bMput rbs;bkS rbs;RbCaCn nigbdivtþn_eyIg.

EtxμaMgbgáb;CaPñak;gar EqábeRmIyYn vaCasRtÚvsøab;rs;Edl

manBisBulbMput maneRKaHfñak;bMputCageK. fay:agenH

ykcitþTukdak;e)assm¥atxμaMgsuIrUgépÞkñúg

[s¥atdac;xatEfmeTot

dkRsg;ecjÉksarTg;bdivtþn_elx7 Exkkáda qñaM1978 D21429

narIkmμkrkMBugt,aj enAeragcRktm,aymYykñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü ¬1975-79¦




eRBaHBYkvakMBugbeRmI])ayklnigskmkμPaBQøanBan vat

TIelbTwkdI bM)at;BUCsasn_km<úCarbs;xμaMgyYnedaypÞal;

CaRbcaMral;éf¶.

Tal;Etdac;xate)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgRKb;

RbePT CaBiessPñak;garEqábeRmIyYn [s¥atGs;BIépÞkñúgbkS

shkrN_ shCIB eragcRk mnÞIrRksYg kgT½B.l. eTIb

eyIgkarBarRbeTs)anxøaMg eFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniym)anRCal

eRCA ksagsgÁmniym)anelOn mhaelatepøaH tammaK’a

bdivtþn_d¾RtwmRtÚv nigPøWsVagrbs;bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaeyIg.

BiesaFmYycMnYnGMBIkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUg

épÞkñúg

bkSeyIgFøab;manBiesaFl¥mkehIy kñúgkarclna

mhaCn e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg EdlCaPñak;gar

es>GuI>Ga Pñak;garbeRmIyYn nigPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb.

eyIgbnþbMpusclnamhaCn e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suI

rUgépÞkñúgteTAeTot[xøaMgkøaCab;Canic© edayEp¥ktambTBiesaF

l¥knøgmk ehIyécñRbDitlm¥EfmeTot [kan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB

e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg[Gs;rlIgBIkñúgmUldæan

eyIgmñak;².

eyIgsUmsrubbTBiesaFl¥TaMgenH dUcxageRkam ³

1¦ bMpusclnamhaCn vaysRmúk[xøaMg [Cab;

kñúgkarbMeBjParkic©nImYy² eTaHtUckþI FMkþ I kñ úgRkbxNÐ

ceg¥ótkþI b¤kñúgRKbxNÐTUlaykþI ³

dl;kalNaeyIgbMpusclnamhaCnbvaysRmúk [

xøaMg [ekþACab;Canic© muxCamankarTMnas; nigmankarEbg

Eck.eBalKWTMnas;rvagmaK’abdivtþn_ nigmhaCnbdivtþn_mçag

ehIynigBYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgmçag. ebImankarTMnas; KW

mankarts‘U mankarEbgEck. sc©Fm’bdivtþn_)anbgðaj[

eXIjc,as;fa bdivtþn_BitR)akd nigbnøMeFVIbdivtþn_ b¤bdivtþn_

Ekøgkøay rs;enACamYyKñamin)anCadac;xat.mhaCnbdivtþn_

BitR)akdnigxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg bnøMeFVICa {mhaCnbdivtþn_}

enACamYyKñamin)anCadac;xat. ebIenACamYyKñamin)an va

RtÚvEtTMnas;Kña. ebITMnas;Kña vats‘UCamYyKña. dl;ts‘U

CamYyKñaeTA vamuxCaecjmuxc,as;fa ÉNaCabdivtþn_ ÉNa

Cak,t;bdivtþn_.

niyayy:agenH minEmn)anesckþIfa xμaMgvaminbgáb;

suIrUgépÞkñúgbMpøajbdivtþn_eyIgmin)anenaHeT. vaGacbgáb;

su Ir UgbMpøajbdivtþn_eyIg)anmYyry³kalKYrsmEdr.

cMNucenH eyIgkuMGtþenam½ti.

xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg vaGacBak;pøak {bdivtþn_} )an

mYyry³eBlNaCabeNþaHGasnñ bnøMxøÜneFVICaGñkbdivtþn_

suIrUg nigksagkmøaMgk,t;rbs;vaenAkñúgCYrbdivtþn_eyIg bMpøaj

bdivtþn_eyIg eBlEdlbdivtþn_eyIgminTan;xøaMg minTan;ekþA

minTan;skmμRbyuT§ CaExSsgVak;bnþbnÞab; b¤eBlEdlbdivtþn_

eyIgenAdac;BImhaCnenAeLIy. EtluHdl;clnabdivtþn_

clnamhaCnpulpuseLIgy:agxøaMgkøasen§arsen§A ekþAKKuk

CaExSsgVak;Cab;rdwk CabnþbnÞab; ehIyeBlenaHÉg xμaMg

bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg eTaHCavamanzan³b:uNÑak¾eday muxCaGs;

kEnøgRCkeTotehIy. RKb;skmμPaBbMpøajbdivtþn_eday

s¶at;kM)aMgbitmuxrbs;va BitCaRtÚvRbCaCn mhaCnbdivtþn_

emIleXIjc,as;RtELt KμanRsBicRsBilGVIeT ehIyvay

kemÞcvaPøamedaydac;xat.

karBitxagelIenH )anbBa¢ak;y:agRtwmRtÚv tamry³

énRBwtþikarN_rs;revIkEdlekItmaneLIgCabnþbnÞab;kñúgclna

bdivtþn_eyIg.

]TahrN_³ kalbkSeyIgenAkñúgry³kaldwknaM ts‘U

sm¶at; eBlclnamhaCneFVI)atukmμ mITIÞgmþg² GaxμaMgbgáb;

suIrUgépÞkñúg suT§EteTAraykarN_[vNÑ³kan;GMNacmun edIm,I

b®gáabclnats‘Urbs;RbCaCn. EtxμaMgvaTb;clnamhaCn

min)an. GaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgRtÚvEbkmux. eyIgrkSakar

BarkmøaMgbdivtþn_)an BRgwgBRgIkkmøaMgbdivtþn_ )ansRmit

sRmaMgsmasPaBGaRkk;ecj ehIybnþdwknaMmhaCnts‘U

ykC½yCmñHbnþeTot.

u kñúgqñaM1968 bkSeyIgseRmceFVIkub,kmμrwbyk



GavuFBIxμaMg ehIybnþkarts‘UedayhigSaGavuF nigneya)ay

rYmpSM. eBlenaHxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgvaR)ab;[vNÑ³kan;GMNac

dwgmuxEdr. vabMepøIsmaK’abkS edayminGnuvtþtamkarENnaM

rbs;bkSTaMgRsug. EtTaMgxμaMgbgáb;épÞkñúg TaMgxμaMgxageRkARtÚv

braC½ysáat;Tb;ePøIgkMhwgrbs;mhaCnmin)an.xμaMgbgáb;Edl

ecjmuxbMpøajclnaxøaMg RtÚvRbCaCnseRmceTas.

u qñaM1970 k¾xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgvaykEpnkarRbqaMg

rdæRbharEdlbkSelIkeLIg eTAraykarN_[Gak,t; ln; nl;

Gs; ehIyBYkGak,t; ln; nl; EfmTaMgdak;Epnkar[GaxμaMg

bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg bMpøajEpnkarkm©at;rdæRbhar EdlbkSelIk

eLIgeTot. EtxμaMgTaMgeRkA TaMgkñúgvaTb;min)an. vaRtÚvbraC½y

vaRtÚvEbkmuxmat;k,t;rbs;va.

uqñaM1973bkSseRmcmineFVIkarcrca.bkSseRmc

ebþCJavayteTAeTotedaydac;xat. eBlenaHBYkxμaMgbgáb;suI

rUgépÞkñúg mçagvaraykarN_[cRkBtþiGaemrik nig[BYkGa ln;

nl; mçageTot varaykarN_eTA[yYn. TaMgcRkBtþiGaemrik

TaMgGa ln; nl; TaMgyYn dak;EpnkarRbqaMgbkSkumμúynIsþ

km<úCaEdlminxuscitþcrca. ÉBYkGaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg va

bMpusmhaCn[RbqaMgnwgbkSBIerOgbkSmincrca minQb;

c,aMg. vabMP½yRbCaCn[xøac {eb 52}. vaeFVIGukLúkkñúg

kgT½B raraMgyuT§Cnmin[eTAsmrPUmimux. EtTaMgGs;enH suT§

EtRtÚvbraC½yegIbmuxminrYc. BYkGaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgRtÚv

EtEbkmux RtÚvRbCaCnpþnÞaeTas.

u qñaM1974 bkSelIkEpnkarvaypþac;RBat; rMedaH

PñMeBj rMedaHTUTaMgRbeTs. BYkGaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg m:üag

vabMpøaj nigTb;Tl;Epnkarvaypþac;RBat; m:üageTotvaray

karN_[cRkBtþiGaemrik BYkGa ln; nl; nigyYndwg edIm,ITb;

Tl;Epnkarvaypþac;RBat;rMedaHTUTaMgRbeTs kñúgrdUvR)aMg

qñaM1975.EtTIbMputTaMgcRkBtþiGaemrik TaMgBYkGak,t;ln;

nl; nigyYn RtÚvbraC½yy:agGam:as. bkSeyIgrMedaHTUTaMg

RbeTs)anseRmctamEpnkar KWéf¶17 emsa75.

rhUtkñ úgdMNak;kalénbdivtþn_RbCaCatiRbCaFib

etyü xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg CaPñak;gar es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;gar

yYn CaPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb vaTb;Tl;raraMgbMpøajclnabdivtþn_

eyIgTaMgtUcTaMgFM EtvaTb;Tl;minCab; raraMgminQñH bMpøajmin

)an. ÉBYkxμaMgbgáb;RtÚvEbkmux RtÚvRbCaCnseRmceTas.

eyIgrkSakarBarkmøaMgbdivtþn_)an BRgwg nigBRgIkkmøaMg

bdivtþn_kan;EtFM ehIyxøaMg. BYkk,t;bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg RtÚv

sRmitsRmaMgCabnþbnÞab;. clnabdivtþn_vaysRmúkeTAmux

dUcBüúHsgÇra KμankmøaMgNaGacbMpøaj)an. etIGs;xμaMgbgáb;

suIrUgépÞkñúgehIyenA? enAmaneTot. ehIyxμaMgenHvabnþeFVI

skmμPaBbMpøajbdivtþn_sgÁmniymeyIgCabnþbnÞab;rhUt

dl;éf¶enH. EtGaRs½yclnabdivtþn_sgÁmniym nigclna

ksagsgÁmniymmankmøaMgxøaMgkøamhima ceRmIneLIgCaerog

ral;qñaM dUecñaH )anCaExSry³cat;taMgrbs;BYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUg

épÞkñúg RtÚvclnamhaCne)assm¥at)at;TaMgpÞaMg²ral;qñaM

TaMgenATIRkúg TaMgenACnbT. Cak;EsþgdUckñúgry³R)aMmYyEx

edImqñaM1978enH ExScat;taMgrbs;xμaMg bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg

mYyExSsMxan;EdlCabEg¥k[xμaMgyYnQøanBan vatTIelbTwk

dI RtÚvclnamhaCnvaykemÞc nige)assm¥atGs;CamUldæan

eFVI[EpnkarvayrMlMbdivtþn_km<úCarbs;cRkBtþiGaemrik nig

yYn RtÚvbraC½y. BiesseToteFVI[EpnkarQøanBanelb

Rt)ak;TwkdIkm<úCa EdlyYnCaGñkGnuvtþpÞal; RtÚvbraC½yy:ag

F¶n;bMput QWcab;bMput nigGam:asmuxbMput TaMgxagneya)aykgkumarkMBugCYlCul nigsm¥atk,alm:asIunbUmTwk






eyaFa esdækic© nigkarTUt.

enHniyayTUTaMgRbeTs. ÉenAtammUldæannImYy²

k¾G‘IcwgEdr. ]TahrN_ dUcenAtamshkrN_ tammuxRBÜj

mYy² dUcmuxRBÜjP¢Ürras; dksÞÚg eFVICI ciBa©wmeKa RkbI.l.

smmitþeyIgrkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgeXIjGaRs½ynUvkarbMpus

clnamhaCn tammuxsBaØaTaMgenHy:agxøaMgkøa. dUecñaH TU

TaMgshkrN_ rkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgeXIj.

sUmbBa¢ak;fa kñúgkarbMpusclnamhaCn[xøaMgkøaenH

RtÚvbMpustammaK’aneya)ayrbs;bkS kMubMpustamGtþena

m½ti KWkuM {eqVg} kuM {sþaM}. ebI {eqVg} KWxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg

vadut[exøacEfm. ebI {sþaM} KWxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgvaerac

[eqA. ebIminbMpusclnamhaCntammaK’arbs;bkSeT eyIg

rkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgmineXIjeT e)assm¥atvamincMeT.

vaenAEtlak;xø Ün eFVIskmμPaBk,t;kñúgCYrbdivtþn_)anteTA

eTot.

tamBiesaFl¥xagelIenH TUTaMgRbeTskþI RKb;mUldæan

RKb;muxRBÜjkþI RtÚvbMpusclnamhaCn vaysRmúk[xøaMgkøa

[Cab;tammaK’arbs;bkS kñúgkarbM;eBjParkic©RKb;y:ag

rbs;xøÜn. eFVIy:agenH eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg

Ca es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;garEqábeRmIyYn Ca ka>ehS>eb )an

s¥atdac;xatEfmeTot. ebIe)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg

s¥atehIy enaHclnavaysRmúkkarBarRbeTs vaykm©at;

xμaMgyYnQøanBan vatTIelbTwkdI bM)at;BUCsasn_km<úCa vay

sRmúkeFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniymnigksagsgÁmniymBitCa)an

TTYlmhaC½yCmñH nigmanel,ÓnelatepøaH mhaelatepøaH

CaR)akd.

2¦ CMrujclnaeFVIkargareXasnaGb;rM cat;taMgBRgwg

BRgIk sRmitsRmaMgCaRbcaM enAkñúgCYrbkS CYrmhaCn nig

kgT½B

RBmCamYyKñanwgkarbMpusclnamhaCndUceBalkñúg

{x} xagelI RtÚvCMrujclnaeFVIkargarneya)aystiGarmμN_

nigcat;taMg. Cak;EsþgKWeFVIkargareXasna Gb;rM cat;taMg

BRgwgBRgIk sRmitsRmaMgCaRbcaM enAkñúgCYrbkS CYrmhaCn

nigkgT½B CaBiessykcitþTukdak;eFVIenAkñúgCYrbkSCasMxan;.

kargarenH CakargarRbyuT§elIEpñkeKalCMhr neya

)aystiGarmμN_ nigcat;taMg EdlcaM)ac;RtÚvEteFVIdac;xat.

ebImineFVIkargarTaMgenHeT bMpusclnamhaCnmineLIg b¤ebI

bMpus)an k¾)anCabeNþaHGasnñ ehIyminENneTot.

eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñ úg CaPñak;gar

es>GuI>Ga Pñak;garyYn nig ka>ehS>eb RtÚve)assm¥atTaMg

neya)ay stiGarmμN_rbs;xμaMg nigcat;taMgrbs;vaTaMg

Gs;. e)assm¥atEtneya)ay stiGarmμN_rbs;xμaMg min

e)assm¥atxagcat;taMg KWCaeRKaHfñak;mYyFM. EtebIe)as

sm¥atEtxagcat;taMg mine)assm¥atxagneya)ay sti

GarmμN_ KWhak;dUcCaciBa©wmxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgteTAeTot min

dk[Gs;b£s Gs;Kl;va Gs;BisBulrbs;va. knøgmk man

kEnøgxøHkñúgn½yGnuvtþCak;EsþgeRcInF¶n; Rsalmçag². kñúg

n½yGnuvtþCak;Esþg eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak;eFVIkargareXasna

Gb;rM BRgwgBRgIk sRmitsRmaMg CamUldæansMxan; ehIyQr

elImUldæanénkargarenH eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞ

kñúg[)anRtwmRtÚv tammaK’arbs;bkS. kuMe)assm¥at)a:tNa

)a:tNI.

eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak;eFVIkargareXasnaGb;rM cat;

taMg BRgwgBRgIk sRmitsRmaMgCaRbcaM eRBaHkargarenH

m:üagCakargare)assm¥atxμaMg TaMgxagneya)aystiGarmμN_

cat;taMg ehIym:üageTot k¾CakargarksagkmøaMg BRgwg

BRgIkkmøaMg ksagrdæGMNacbdivtþn_ BRgwgBRgIkrdæGMNac

bdivtþn_ BRgwgBRgIkpþac;karénvNÑ³GFnrbs;bkS. ebIbkS

s¥atKWbkSxøaMg. ebIkgT½Bs¥at KWkgT½BxøaMg. ebIrdæGMNacs¥at

KWrdæGMNacxøaMg. ebIkmμaPi)al bkçCn GgÁkarsñÚls¥at KW

TaMgGs;enHxøaMg. ebIs¥at ebIxøaMgehIy eFVIGVIk¾)anEdr vay

xμaMgQøanBank¾QñH eFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniymk¾emaHmut ehIy

ksagsgÁmniym EkERbCIvPaBRbCaCnk¾xøaMg.

ebIeyIgGnuvtþkargary:agenH xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg




RtÚvvay[ricrilral;éf¶ egIbk,alminrYc rkkEnøgRCkBYnmin

eXIj gakeTAxagNak¾CYbEtclnabdivtþn_ gakeTAxagNak¾

CYbEtmhaCneFVIbdivtþn_ gakeTAxagNak¾B¤EtsMeLgeXasna

Gb;rMrbs;bdivtþn_. kargarneya)ay stiGarmμN_ cat;taMg

Cakargarbdivtþn_ vaysRmúkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg CaRbcaM

ral;éf¶ eFVITukçeKalCMhrk,t;rbs;va[regÁaHregÁI eFVITukçsti

GarmμN_rbs;va[PitP½y tk;søútral;éf¶ qáwHeqáólrukerIvamin

[vaBYksm¶MenATIkEnøgNa)anTaMgGs;. ebIvaenAEtrwgcecs

minsþab;sc©Fm’bdivtþn_ minEkERb vanwgRtÚvRbCaCn mhaCn

pþnÞaeTasvaCaminxan.

sUmsgát;bBa¢ak;fa eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak;eFVIkargar

enH[)aneRcInenAkñúgCYrbkS.

edIm,Ie)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg[)ans¥atdac;

xatEfmeTot ehIy[)ans¥atCaRbcaM kuMcaMmanxμaMgeTIbe)as

sm¥atenaH eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak; CMrujclnaeFVIkargar

eXasna Gb;rM cat;taMg BRgwg BRgIksRmitsRmaMgenAkñúgCYr

bkS CYrmhaCn nigkgT½B. GgÁkarcat;taMgTaMgGs; kmøaMgTaMg

Gs; keRmIk rMeBIkskmμRbyuT§CaRbcaM e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;

suIrUgépÞkñúg ehIyksagBRgwg BRgIkkmøaMgbdivtþn_ [kan;Et

xøaMgkøaQaneTAykC½yCmñHbdivtþn_CabnþbnÞab;.

3¦ vaysRmúk CMrujkargaredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCa

Cn[)antambkSkMNt;

ehtudUecñH )anCaRtÚvvaysRmúkCMrujkargaredaH

RsayCIvPaBRbCaCn[)antambkSkMNt;? etIvaTak;Tg

y:agem:c nigkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg?

kargarvaysRmúkCMrujkaredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCa

Cn KWCakargarsñÚlmYyEbgEckRBMEdnc,as; rvageKalCMhr

esñhaCati esñhaRbCaCn k,t;bdivtþn_ k,t;bkS. Tal;Et

manTsSn³ eKalCMhrrYmsuxrYmTukçCamYyRbCaCn mhaCn

eTIbKitKUredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCn. bkSeyIg KitKUredaH

RsayCIvPaBRbCaCn mhaCnCab;Canic©. kmμaPi)all¥

yuT§Cn yuT§narIl¥ KitKUredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCn mhaCn

Cab;Canic©. cMNucenH pÞúyRsLHBIxμaMg. xμaMgcMhkþI xμaMg

bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgkþI edayvak,t;Cati k,t;RbCaCn k,t;bdivtþn_

dUecñaH vaminEdlKitKUredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCnTal;Et

esaH. minEmnRtwmEtminKitKUredaHRsay xμaMgRKb;RbePT

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eKa kñúgRsúksVayRCúM.

cMENk b:ul sñak;enAsalaeronCitvtþsVayEp¥m)an

ry³eBlmYyGaTitü GgÁkark¾Rbkas[RtLb;mkCYbCuMRbBn§

kUn nigmþayenAPUmicMbk;ekagXuMtasYsvij. eBlenaH kμÜy

Rbsarrbs;Kat;eQμaH fn k¾)anykG‘YnmkRbKl;[Kat;

vij. b:ul sñak;enApÞH)anBIréf¶ GgÁkark¾mkehAKat;[eTA

eronsURtenAvtþtasYs edayGgÁkarEbgEckRKÚbeRgón Gñk

Føab;eFVITahan[rs;dac;edayELkBIKña ehIyGñkRKb;RKgenA

TIenaHeQμaH fn RtÚvCakμÜyRbsarrbs;Kat;. eRkABI b:ul

GgÁkark¾ehA«Bukekμkrbs;Kat;eTAeronsURtEdr edayecaT

«BukekμkKat;fa {TahanBak;s½kþi4} ehIyk¾)at;xøÜnrhUtdl;

sBVéf¶enH. GñkEdlnaM«BukekμkKat;eTAeBlenaH KWCabgb¥Ún

CIdUnmYyxag«BukekμkKat;Etmþg. enAsm½yenaH b:ul k¾man

bgBIrnak; mñak;eQμaH G‘uk sy eFVIkargarenAPUmi eRkaymk

)aneLIgeFVIkarenAXuM RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;xøÜnbBa¢ÚnmkXuMXaMg

enAKukTYlEsøg edayb:ul)aneXIjrUbftbgRbúsKat; taMg

enAKukTYlEsøg eRkayrMedaHqñaM1979. muneBlcab;bg

rbs;Kat; emPUmi nigemXuM kmμaPi)alEdlbBa¢ÚnmkBIPUmiPaK

nirtI )ancab; KN³Rsuk nigKN³tMbn;ykeTAGs;ehIy.

b:ul )ansñak;enA nigeronsURtenAvtþtasYs EtGgÁ

kark¾)anGnuBaØat[Kat;mkelgRKÜsar)anBIrbIdgEdr eRBaH

mankμÜyRbsarRKb;RKgenATIenaH. CaerOy²GgÁkar)anehA

GñkEdlmaneQμaHenAeronsURtTaMgGs;[mkRbCuM rYcehIy

[sEmþgBIPaBesμaHRtg; edayR)ab;BItYnaTIBitR)akd eday

GgÁkarEtgelIkeLIgfa dUcCa {tab:ul} Kat;R)ab;BIkarBiteFVI

Ca {RKÚbeRgón}. b:ul eronsURtenAvtþtasYs)anry³eBl

bIEx GgÁkark¾edaHElgKat;[mkrs;enACuMRKÜsarvij. eBl

mkdl;pÞH Kat;RtÚv)anbn§Úrbnßy[mansiT§iesrIPaBCagmun

nigGacedIreTAkEnøgepSg²)an eRBaHKat;)anykG‘Ynrbs;

Kat;edIrbg;RtI ykmkRbKl;[shkrN_edIm,IeFVImðÚb[smaCik

kghUb. cMENkmðÚbGahar Kat;)anhUbEq¥t edayKat;Gac

dutRtIhUbenAtamval bwg nigGaclak;Tukykmk[RbBn§kUn

enApÞHhUb)anEfmeTot. b:ul enAEtcgcaM nigrMB£kBIG‘YnEdl

eFVI[Kat;rYcrs;CIvitmkTl;sBVéf¶.

rhUtdl;kgT½BevotNamvaycUl enAedImqñaM1979

GgÁkar)anCemøós b:ul nigRKÜsarmkdl;PaKxagt,ÚgRsúk

kMBg;RtEbkCab;mat;Tenø sßitenAkñúgextþéRBEvg. eBlKat;

kMBugrkTUkqøgeTAeRtIymçageTot Rsab;EtKat;eXIjkgT½B

evotNamkMBugedIrelImat;RcaMgTenømçagenaHehIy dUecñHKat;

k¾eKcmkenAPUmikMeNItvij.

enAeBlenaH GaCJaFrextþ nigCMnajkarevotNam

)anmkehAKat;[cUleFVIkarxagEpñkGb;rMvij EtKat;)an

bdiesFedaysuMenApÞHmYyqñaMsinedIm,IeFVIERsciBa©wmRKÜsar.

eRkaymk edayxagGb;rMmanGñkRKb;RKgrYcehIy b:ul

k¾mkRKb;RKgmNÐlkumarkMRBa enAextþsVayerog ehIyenA

GMLúgeBlenaH Kat;k¾RtÚv)ancat;taMg[eFVICaGnuRbFankak

)aTRkhmextþ eRBaHKat;Føab;manbTBiesaFn_xagTTYlCMnYy

mnusSFm’ kñúgrbbsaFarNrdæExμr. eBleFVIkarenAkak)aT

Rkhmb:ul )ansuMCMnYyBIGgÁkar has>;es>EG‘r (H.C.R) edIm,I

ksagPUmieck[eTACaPUmiKMrU xagEpñkksikmμ sib,kmμ mnÞIreBTü

nigsagsg;salaeroneck Edlbc©úb,nñviTüal½yeck. mk

dl;qñaM1990 b:ul )anlaElgBIkargar ehIynaMRKÜsar

RbBn§kUnmkrs;enAPñMeBjrhUtdl;sBVéf¶.

esam b‘unfn

bgRbúsrbs; G‘uk b:ul eQμaH G‘uk sy GtItKN³XMutasYs RtÚv)an

GgÁkarcab;xøÜn rYcbBa¢ÚnmkXMuXaMg nigsYrcemøIyenAmnÞIrsnþisuxs-21

b¤KukTYlEsøg enAqñaM 1978. ¬rUbft ³ TYlEsøg¦



sBVéf¶eTaHbI esg suIm manCIvPaBsmrmü nigCa

naykmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaKextþkMBg;camehIyk¾

eday k¾elakenAEtminGacbMePøcnUverOgr:avCUrct;énkar

RBat;R)as;bgb¥ÚnenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhmEdr. CaerOy²suIm

EtgEtniyayR)ab;kUn²GMBIerOgravrbs;Kat;. CaBiess

enAeBlEdlKat; nigRkúmRKÜsareFVIdMeNIrqøgkat;PUmiéRB

RsLaj;mþg² Kat;EtgEtrMB£kR)ab;kUn² nigsmaCikRKÜsar

GMBIbTBiesaFn_CIvitrbs;Kat; nigRkúmRKÜsarTaMgmUlEdl

)anmkrs;enAkñúgPUmienH kñúgrbbExμrRkhm.

esgsuIm ekItenAqñaM1964 enAPUmiGMBilelI XuMGMBil

RsukkMBg;esom extþkMBg;cam. munqñaM1970 Kat;rs;enA

edaysuPmgÁlCamYyRkúmRKÜsar Edl«BukmþayRbkbrbr

eFVIERs nigcmáar. mþayrbs;Kat;eQμaH sy ln; rIÉ«Buk

eQμaH esg Es. suIm KWCakUnRbúseBAenAkñúgcMeNambgb¥Ún

cMnYnbInak;.

enAqñaM1973 suIm nigRkúmRKÜsarRtÚv)anExμrRkhm

Cemøós[eTArs;enARsúkéRBQr extþkMBg;cam EdlCatMbn;

rMedaHrbs;ExμrRkhm. enHCaeKalkarN_rbs;ExμrRkhm

EdlekogKrRbCaCnenAtamCnbTnana [eTArs;enAtam

tMbn;EdlxøÜnrMedaH)anBIrbb ln; nl;. enAtMbn;rMedaH

RKÜsarrbs;Kat;)anrs;enACYbCuMKña nigRbkbrbreFVIERscmáar

dEdl.

enAéf¶TI17 Exemsa qñaM1975 eyaFaExμrRkhm

)anpþÜlrMlMrbbsaFarNrdæExμr ehIyenAkñúgqñaMdEdl RKÜsar

rbs;Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmCemøóseTAenAPUmiEt,gvij. enA

TIenaHCIvPaBRKÜsarrbs;Kat;cab;epþImCYbkarlM)akedaysar

ExμrRkhmepþImcat;taMgRbCaCn[hUbcuktamEbbshkrN_.

eTaHbICaGgÁkarGnuBaØat[RKÜsarKat;rs;enACuMKñak¾eday k¾

smaCikmñak;²RtÚv)ancat;taMg[eFVIkargarerog²xøÜnEdr.suIm

min)ancUleroneT KWKat;RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[enAkñúgkg

kumarmanParkic©XValeKa edIrerIsGacm_eKa nigedjkNþúrenA

tamvalERs CamYykumarepSgeTotenAkñúgkg. TaMgenHCa

kargarlM)aksRmab; suIm eRBaHKat;RtÚveFVIkarerogral;éf¶

edayminmaneBlevlasRmak. eTaHbIKat;eFVIkargareRcIn

y:agNak¾eday k¾Kat;minEdlTTYl)an

rbbGaharhUbRKb;RKan;Edr KWKat;TTYl

)anEtbbrlayCamYyRtkYn b¤dMLÚg

bnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaH.

bnÞab;BIrs;enAPUmiEt,g)anmYy

ry³ RKÜsarrbs; suIm RtÚv)anCemøósbnþ

eTA kEnøgepSg²eTot.mkdl;qñaM1977

RKÜsarrbs;Kat;RtÚv)anbBa¢ Ún[eTArs;

enAPUmiéRBRsLaj; EdlCaPUmicugeRkay

EdlKat;rs;enArhUtdl;rbbExμrRkhm

RtÚv)anpþÜlrMlM enAqñaM1979. PUmiéRB

bMePøcmin)an

rUbxageqVg ° esg sIum naykmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaKextþkMBg;cam nigelak v:an;fan;

eBAdar:a naykrgmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa enAkñúgkmμviFIebIkvKÁbNþúbNþalRKÚmUldæansþIBIviFIsa®sþ

beRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü ¬qñaM1975-79¦ enAmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK

extþkMBg;cam.






RsLaj; KWCaPUmiEdl suIm caMminePøc edaysarEtKat;)an

)at;bg;bg²TaMgBIrrbs;Kat;.

enAkñúgqñaM1978bgRbúsrbs; suIm RtÚv)anExμrRkhm

cab;ykeTAsmøab;ecal bnÞab;BIExμrRkhmRsavRCavrkeXIj

fa bgrbs;Kat;Føab;)aneronsURt nigmancMeNHdwgeRcIn.

suIm )anbBa¢ak;fa munrbbExμrRkhm bgRbúsrbs;Kat;)an

erondl;fñak;TI2 ¬sgÁmcas;¦ EdlsBVéf¶esμInwgfñak;TI11.

enAeBlEdlExμrRkhmnaMbgRbúsrbs;Kat;eTA ExμrRkhm)an

niyayfa ykKat;eTArs;enAPUmifμI EtExμrRkhmEbrCayk

bgRbúsKat;eTAsmøab;enAPñMRbúsPñMRsIeTAvij. enAkñúgqñaMdEdl

bgRsIrbs;Kat;k¾)ansøab; edaysarkarhUbminRKb;RKan;

nigCMgWEdlminmanfñaMsgáÚvsRmab;Büa)al. cMENk suIm RtÚv

)anbMEbkecjBImþayCaTIRsLaj;rbs;Kat;. mþayrbs;

Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmcat;taMg[eTAeFVIkarenAPUmitaln enA

q¶ayBIPUmiEdlKat;rs;enA. cMENk«Bukrbs;Kat;minRtÚv)an

cat;taMg[eTAeFVIkarenAq¶ayBIPUmieT EteTaHbIy:agNaKat;min

sUv)anCYbmux«BukeT BIeRBaHTaMgKat; nig«BukRtÚv)anbMEbk

[eFVIkargarerog²xøÜn. enAeBlEdl«Bukrbs;Kat;ecjeTA

P¢ÜrERs Kat;RtÚveTAXValeKa edIrerIsGacm_eKa nigedjkNþúr

enAtamvalERstaMgBIRBwkrhUtdl;RBlb;eTIbRtLb;mkdl;

kgvij. Kat;CYb«BukEteBlyb;b:ueNÑaH. cMENkrbb

Gahar minmanGVIeRkABIbbrlayRtkYn nigdMLÚgeT dUecñHedIm,I

bMeBjesckþIeRskXøan Kat;)anebHsøwkeQINaEdlGac

hUb)an niglYccab;kþamtamERsmkduthUb enAeBlEdl

Kat;ecjeTAXValeKa edIrerIsGacm_eKa nigedjkNþúrenA

tamvalERsmþg².

enAqñaM1979 enAeBlEdlKat;edIrXValeKaenAtam

valERs Rsab;EtKat;)aneXIjTahanmYyRkúmkan;kaMePøIg

enAnwgéd ehIy)anERskR)ab;Kat;[ekogeKacUlkñúgPUmivij

eRBaHmankar)aj;KñarvageyaFaExμrRkhm nigkgT½Bevot

Nam. eBlKat;mkdl;PUmi Kat;)aneXIjRbCaCnnaMKña

erobcMGIv:an;erogxøÜn. kar)aj;tTl;Kña kan;EtxøaMgeLIg²

dUecñHKat; nigRbCaCnepSgeTotk¾)annaMKñart;eKcecjBIPUmi

eTABYnsm¶MenAtamvalERsedIm,IsuvtßiPaB. EtsMNagl¥suIm

)anCYbmþayrbs;Kat;enAtampøÚvenAeBlkMBugrt;eKcxøÜn.

karvayRbyuT§Kña)anRbRBwtþeTAGs;ry³eBlBIréf¶. eRkay

mk rbbExμrRkhmRtÚv)anpþÜlrMlM ehIyRKÜsarrbs;Kat;k¾

)anvilRtLb;mkRsukkMeNItvij.

eRkayrMedaH)anmYyqñaM suIm )ancUleronfñak;TI3

enAsalabzmsikSaGgÁr sßitenACitnaKB½n§ kñúgRsúkkMBg;

esom. enAeBlcUleron)anmYyry³ Kat;RtÚv)anGnuBaØat

[eLIgfñak;TI4 bnÞab;BIRKÚeFVIdwgfa Kat;ecHGan nigsresr

)an. eRkaymk Kat;k¾RtÚv)anGnuBaØat[epøaHcUleronfñak;

TI5 ehIyenAqñaM1984 Kat;k¾)anbBa©b;GnuviTüal½y. suIm

)anbnþkarsikSaenAviTüal½yRBHsIhnu kñúgRkúgkMBg;cam nig

)anRbLgbBa©b;enAqñaM1987. enAqñaMdEdl Kat;)ancUl

eronenAsaklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj EpñkTsSnviCöa. bnÞab;

BIeronry³eBlbYnqñaM Kat;k¾)anRtLb;mkbeRgónenAsala

KruekaslüviRkitkarextþkMBg;camvij.

suIm )anerobkarenAqñaM1992.bnÞab;BIerobkar)an

mYyqñaM Kat;k¾)anpøas;BIsalaKruekaslüviRkitkar eTAeFVIkar

enAmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaKextþkMBg;camvij. enA

eBlenaH Kat;)aneFVIkarenAkñúgkariyal½ysikSa ehIyeRkay

mkKat;k¾RtÚv)anEtgtaMgCaGnuRbFankariyal½ysikSa.

suIm eFVIkarenAmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK)anmYyry³ k¾

RtÚv)anEtgtaMgCanaykrgmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK

extþkMBg;cam. rhUtmkbc©úb,nñ suIm )ankøayCanaykmCÄ

mNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK extþkMBg;cam.

sBVéf¶ suIm mankUnbInak; edaykUnc,grbs;elak

kMBugeronGnubNÐit nigeFVIkargar. kUnTIBIrkMBugeron fñak;

briBaØabRt.cMENkÉkUneBArbs;kMBugeronfñak;TI5.bc©úb,nñ

eTaHbIRKÜsarrbs;Kat;rs;enAedayPaBsb,ayrIkray nig

mansuPmgÁlk¾eday k¾Kat;minGacbMePøcerOgr:avBIGtItkal

rbs;Kat;)anEdr. Xag esgehOn nig Em:n BiciRt

elakta C½y sarit Gayu70qñaM CaGtItTahan ln;

nl;. Kat;CaCnrgeRKaHmñak; kñúgcMeNamCnrgeRKaHrab;lan

nak; EdlFøab;)anrgTukevTna nigrYcrs;CIvitBIrbbExμrRkhm.

enAeBlrMB£kGtItkal sarit )anerobrab;fa Kat;RtÚv)an

eRCIserIs[cUleFVICaTahan ln; nl; kñúgGMLúgqñaM1971.

eBlEdlKat;cUleFVICaTahandMbUg Kat;)aneRbIeQμaHepSg

mYyeTot KW b‘un sarI. enAGMLúgeBlenaH sarit )aneTAeron

yuT§sa®sþs®gÁamenAram ry³eBlRbmaNknøHEx. eRkay

eBlbBa©b;vKÁsikSa sarit RtÚv)anfñak;elIcat;taMg[eTAQr

eCIg nigRbyuT§CamYyExμrRkhmenAtMbn;sit,Ú nigenAtMbn;

sVayrlM.

eRkayrbb ln; nl; RtÚv)andYlrlMenAéf¶17 Ex

emsa qñaM1975 ExμrRkhmcab;epþImeFVIkarCemøósRbCaCn

edaybgçMecjBITIRkúg nigTIRbCuMCnnana [eTAkan;CnbTcug

kat;mat;jk. sarit k¾sßitkñúgcMeNamGñkCemøósTaMgenaH

Edr ehIyeBlenaHKat;manPaBtk;søúty:agxøaMgcMeBaHTidæ

PaBEdlKat;)aneXIj kñúgGMLúgeBlEdlKat;eFVIdMeNIr.

ExμrRkhm)an)aj;smøab;RbCaCnNaEdleFVIdMeNIryWty:av

nigbdiesFcMeBaHkarbnþdMeNIreTAmux. sarit )aneXIj

eyaFaExμrRkhm)aj;smøab;Tahan ln; nl; EdleyaFa

ExμrRkhmTaMgenaHcMNaMmux)an. eTaHCay:agNa sarit

)anlak;GtþsBaØaNEdlxøÜnCaGtItCaTahan ln; nl; )an

y:agl¥.

sarit manbMNgeFVIdMeNIreTA

RsukkMeNItÉPUmiBUnPñM XuMRtBaMg

sab Rsuk)aTI extþtaEkv b:uEnþbg

Rbúsrbs;Kat;)anXat;[enACa

mYy enAXuMkNþwg Rsuk)aTIvij.

sarit sñak;enACamYybgRbús

Kat;)anBIrbIéf¶ emkgmñak;eQμaH

mut EdlCaGtItmitþrbs; sarit

)anesñI[ sarit eFVICaesμón nig

C YytamrkRbCaCnNaEdlCa

GtItTahan ln; nl;. KμannrNa

mñak; Edlrs;enAkñúgPUmi)andwgGMBI

GtItPaBrbs; sarit eT KWmanEtbgRbúsbegáItrbs; sarit

mñak;b:ueNÑaH. TaMgemkg nigGñkepSgeTot )andwgRtwmfa

sarit KWCaGñkelgePøgburaNmñak;.

sarit min)andwgGMBIeKalbMNgénkarrk nigRsg;

eQμaHGñkEdlCaGtIt Tahanln; nl; enaHeT ehIyKat;k¾sYr

eTAemkgGMBIbBaðaenH. edaymankarrab;GanKñaCitsñiT§ nig

TukcitþKña emkg mut )anlYcxSwbR)ab; sarit fa karEdl[eFVI

enH KWedIm,IRbmUlykeTAsmøab;ecal. RKan;EtB¤BaküTaMg

enHPøam sarit PitP½yy:agxøaMg eRBaHKat;k¾CaGtItTahan

´mincg;sgswkeT

C½y sarit )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgCIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhmdl;buKÁliksμ½RKcitþmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

Kwmhuk enApÞHrbs;Kat;enARsuk)aTI extþtaEkv.






ln; nl; mñak;Edr RbsinebImanGñkdwgBIerOgenH R)akdNas;

vasnarbs;Kat; k¾minxusBITahanTaMgenaHEdr. sarit )an[

dwgfa GMLúgeBlEdlmankarRbkas[GtItTahan ln; nl;

mkcuHeQμaH manmnusSeRcInNas;mkcuHeQμaH eRBaHGñkTaMg

enaHeCOfa ExμrRkhmnwgbBa¢Ún[eTAeFVIkarkñúgmuxtMENgdUcedIm

vij. b:uEnþTaMgenH RKan;EtCakare)akR)as;rbs;ExμrRkhm

b:ueNÑaH GñkEdlcuHeQμaHTaMgb:unμanRtÚv)anExμrRkhmykeTA

smøab;enAkñúgvtþkekaH.

minyUrb:unμan sarit RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[eTACIk

ERBkmYyenACitPñM extþkMBg;s<W CamYynwgmnusS200 eTA

300nak;epSgeTot. mnusSCaeRcIn)ansøab;GMLúgeBleFVI

karedaysar karGt;Xøan CMgW nigkarsmøab;. sarit bnþfa

Kat;min)anhUbRKb;RKan;eT eRBaHGgÁkarEckEtrbbGgárbI

kMb:ug[bbrmYyxÞH nigtRmÚv[CIkERBkenaHrhUtem:ag10

yb; eTIbGnuBaØat[sRmak. bnÞab;BIbBa©b;karCIkERBk

sarit RtÚv)anGgÁkarbBa¢ÚnmkPUmivij. mkdl;PUmi GgÁkar

)ansYr sarit faecHrkRtIb¤eT? ebIecH GgÁkarnwgbBa¢Ún[eTA

rkRtIenAbwgedIm,IpÁt;pÁg;shkrN_. eBlenaHKat;k¾eqøIyfa

ecH ebIeTaHbICaKat;minecHk¾eday eRBaHKat;Kitfa rkRtIman

PaBgayRsÜlCagkargareFVI ERs.

enAkñúgkgensaTenAÉbwg sarit )anrMB£kfa dMbUg Kat;

nigsmaCikRkúm hUbEtbbrb:ueNÑaH b:uEnþeRkaymk edaysar

EtemkgensaTCamnusScitþFm’ k¾)anGnuBaØat[Rkúmrbs;

Kat;daM)ay nigeFVIRtIhUbRKb;RKan;. elIsBIenHeTAeTot

smaCikkgensaTTaMgGs;suT§Etmankg;CiHmñak;mYypg. kar

hUbcukRKb;RKan;EbbbenH)anEtknøHExb:ueNÑaH eRBaHkg

Qøb)andwgerOgenH ehIyraykarN_eTAfñak;elI. fñak;elI

)ansþIbenÞasdl;emkgensaT nig)anENnaMfa minRtÚvdaM

)ayhUbeT eRBaHRbCaCndéTeToteRcInNas;xitxMeFVIERs

ehIy)anRtwmrbbbbrb:ueNÑaH. eRkABIenH GgÁkarelIk¾)an

dkykkg;TaMgGs;eTotpg.

minyUrb:unμan sarit RtÚv)anGgÁkardkmkeFVIERsvij.

sarit )anrMB£kfa eBlmkeFVIERs Kat;min)anhUbcukRKb;RKan;

eT KWTTYl)anEtrbbbbrrav²b:ueNÑaH. edaysarEtPaB

Gt;Xøan sarit )anRbfuyCIvitlYcdMLÚghUbCaeRcIndg.

Kat;enAcaM)anfa manéf¶mYy eBlEdlKat;kMBuglYcdMLÚg

QøbbInak;)antamKat;Tan; RBmTaMg)anvayTat;Fak; nig

KMramsmøab; RbsinebIcab;Kat;lYcdMLÚgelIkeRkayeTot.

sarit sÁal;GñkTaMgbIenaHc,as;Nas; KWmaneQμaH suwm/ xn

nig PaB. GñkTaMgbI nigsarit KWCaGñkEdlFøab;rab;GanKña

Nas;knøgmk. eTaHbICamankarKMramsmøab;k¾eday b:uEnþ

edaysarEtGMNacénesckþIeRskXøan sarit enAEtRbfuy

CIvitrkGahar b¤lYcdMLÚg edIm,IcEm¥tRkBHdEdl. CaP½BV

sMNag Kat;minEdlRtÚv)anQøbtamTan;enaHeT.

enAedImqñaM1979 rbbExμrRkhmRtÚv)andYlrlM

eRkamkarvayrMedaHBIsMNak;T½BrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCati

km<úCa nigkgT½Bsμ½RKcitþevotNam. sarit )an)at;bg; bg

Rbúsmñak; nigkUn3nak;. enAGMLúgqñaM1984 sarit )ancUl

beRmIkargarrdæ edayeFVICaQøbPUmi ehIyeRkaymkeTot

RtÚv)aneRCIstaMgCaGnuRbFanXuM nigeFVICaemXuM.sarit )an

rMB£kfa éf¶mYymankarehAeTAeronsURtvKÁneya)ayenABhu

kILdæanenATIRkúgPñMeBj. eBlenaH Kat;)aneXIjQøbTaMgbI

EdlFøab;)anvayeFVI)abKat; eBlEdlKat;lYcdMLÚgenATI

enaHEdr. Kat;mankMhwg nigcg;sgswkGñkTaMgbIy:agxøaMg

eXIjdUecñH GñkTaMgbIk¾)annaMKñaeKcxøÜnecjBIKat;. sarit

manGarmμN_eBareBjedaykMhwg nigKitkñúgcitþfa RbsinebI

cab;GñkTaMgbI)annwgvaysmøab;minxan. Kat;)annaMKñaeTA

tamcab; b:uEnþGñkTaMgenH)aneKcxøÜnputehIy. sarit )an

RtLb;mkpÞHvijbnÞab;BIrkGñkTaMgbImineXIj ehIyeBlenaH

GarmμN_rbs;Kat;k¾hak;FUrRsalbnþic nigKitkñúgcitþfa {Qam

minKYrRtÚvsgedayQam} enaHeT. taMgBIeBlenaHmk Kat;

minEdlmanKMnitKuMKYnnwgGñkEdlFøab;eFVI)abKat;eToteLIy.

e)a: Kwmhuk

enA Gag )anrMB£kR)ab;´GMBIbTBiesaF_CIvitEdlKat;

Føab;)anCYbRbTH nigqøgkat;kñúgrbbExμrRkhm. CayuvCn

sßitkñúgv½y17qñaM Gag )ansμ½RKcitþcUlrYmclnats‘Ubdivtþn_

ExμrRkhm bnÞab;BIkarRbkasrbs;semþc sIhnu [RbCaCn

cUléRBm:akKI eFVIkarts‘URbqaMgrbb ln; nl; Edlman

GaemrikKaMRT.

cUlts‘UdMbUg Gag RtwmCasmaCikmñak;enAkñúgXuMRBH

niBVan RsúkKgBisI extþkMBg;s<W b:ueNÑaH. mYyry³eRkaymk

eyaFaExμrRkhm)anmkbeRgónKat;BIRTwsþIbdivtþn_ nig

k,ÜnswkxøH²dl;RbCaCnenAkñúgPUmi ehtuenH Gag k¾seRmc

citþesñIsuMcUleFVIeyaFaExμrRkhmEdlmanmUldæanenAXuMéRB

ekμg kñúgextþkMBg;s<WdEdl.

GMLúgeBlhVwkhat;eyaFa Gag )an[dwgfa Kat;)an

eronbec©keTseFVIs®gÁam nigTTYlkarbMBak;bMb:nmenaKmn_

viC¢a EdlbeRgónedayRKÚCnCatiExμr nigevotNam. Gag

)anbnþfa RKÚevotNambeRgónEtyuT§viFIc,aMg nigrebobeRbI

R)as;sBVavuFb:ueNÑaH. enAqñaM1973 RbFantMbn;33 )an

dak;bBa¢a[eyaFaTaMgGs; eRtómecjc,aMgtTl;nwgTahan

ln; nl; edaytRmÚv[eyaFaExμrRkhmTaMgGs;cab;epþIm

vayBItMbn;eBRCnil cUleTAextþkMBg;s<W nigextþkNþal.

éf¶TI17 Exemsa qñaM1975 eyaFatMbn;33 nig

tMbn;epSg²)anvaycUldl;TIRkúgPñMeBj b:uEnþRkúmrbs; Gag

minRtÚv)anfñak;elIGnuBaØat[cUlRkúgenaHeT edaycat;taMg

[eTAQreCIgenARsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal kñúgtMbn;25

EdlsßiteRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs; taGan vij. enATIenaH Gag

RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[RbcaMkarenAkñúgPUmi ehIyeBlxøH

Kat;k¾RtÚvtRmÚv[edIrGegátemIlRbCaCn esuIbCIvRbvtþi

RbCaCnfμI nigdwkCBa¢Únes,ógBIRsúkekaHFMmkPUmi.

Gag )anerobrab;GMBIsßanPaBRbCaCnEdlCemøós

mktMbn;25fa RbCaCnTaMgGs;)anTTYlrbbGgárkñúgmYy

enA Gag GtIteyaFaExμrRkhmtMbn;25

enA Gag )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgCIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhmdl; sYs sakl buKÁliksμ½RKcitþmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa. bc©úb,nñ Gag sñak;enAvtþ

ekaHsuRkM XMuRTa RsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.






RKÜsarbIkMb:ug nigGMbil1søabRBa. enAqñaM1976 tMbn;25

)anbegáItCashkrN_ dUecñHtRmÚv[RbCaCnTaMgGs;hUb

rYm. dMbUgRbCaCnTTYlrbb)ay RtI nigsac; b:uEnþmYyry³

eRkaymk RbCaCn)anTTYlRtwmrbbbbrrav²b:ueNÑaH Edl

pÞúyBIkgT½BEdlTTYlrbb)ay nigcMNIGaharepSg²erog

ral;eBl.

enAqñaM1977 Gag RtÚv)anfñak;elIpøas;[eTAeFVIkar

enAPUmiRtBaMgsVa XuMRTa RsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal eday

Kat;sñak;enAmþúMKuksg;. enATIenaH Gag )aneronsURtBIRTwsþI

kumμúynIsþ nigk,Ünswk eRkamkarbgðat;beRgónrbs;embBa¢akar

tMbn;25. mþgmáal Kat;RtÚv)anembBa¢akarcat;Kat;[naM

sMbuRteTA[RbFanKuksg;. eBlcUleTAkñúgmnÞIrXuMXaMg

Kat;)aneXIjGñkeTasCaeRcInedkrNUkrENlelIdI nigxøH

eTotkMBugTTYlrgTaruNkmμBIsMNak;qμaMKuk. GñkeTasPaK

eRcInRtÚvqμaMKukdak;Rcvak;eCIgCaCYr nigxøHeTotcgep¥abnwg

edImeQI. Kat;)anerobrab;fa éf¶mYy Kat;)anyksMbuRtmYy

eTA[RbFanKuk EtRbFanKukenaHmin)anniyayGVIeT. Kat;k¾

)anlbsaksYreyaFayamenAKukEdr BIRbvtþiemKuk EtKμan

GñksÁal;fa emKukrUbenaH CaGñkNa mkBItMbn;NaeT KWdwg

Rtwmfa Kat;eQμaH m:ug Etb:ueNÑaH. Gag )anbBa¢ak;fa Gñk

eTasPaKeRcInsuxcitþeqøIybMepøIskarBit edIm,IrYcxøÜnBIkar

eFVITaruNkmμBIGñksYrcemøIy. eBlqμaMKuksaksYrrYcehIy

GñkeTasxøHRtÚv)andwkecjeTAeRkAKuk b¤ykeTAsmøab; rYc

kb;enAkñúgreNþAEdlsßitenAEk,r²KukEtmþg. PaKeRcInGñk

EdlCab;XuMkñúgKuksg; KWCaRbCaCnfμIEdlCemøósBIRkúg

PñMeBj ehIyk¾manCnCaticin nigevotNamEdr.

enAqñaM1978 embBa¢akarPUmiPaKrbs; Gag )anbBa¢Ún

eyaFaCaeRcIneTAc,aMgCamYyevotNamenARsúkekaHFM nig

taEkv b:uEnþKat;minRtÚv)anbBa¢Ún[eTAsrPUmienaHeT eday

fñak;elITuk[Kat;enAyamkñúgPUmi. GñkEdleTAsmrPUmi PaK

eRcIn)ansøab; BikarédeCIg nig)at;xøÜnCaeRcInnak;. enAcug

qñaM1978 manclnabHe)arBIsMNak;RbCaCnRbmaN

300nak; EdlRtÚv)aneKsÁal;fa CaRkúmExμrs EdlnaMKña

tv:aerOghUbcukminRKb;RKan; nigTamTarlkçxNÐmYycMnYn.

BIrbIéf¶eRkaymk GgÁkar)annaMxøÜnGñkRbqaMgTaMgenaHeTAdak;

Kuksg; nig)at;xøÜnrhUtedaymineXIjGñkTaMgenaHvilmkPUmi

RsukvijeT.

enAExFñÚ qñaM1978Gag )anB¤RbCaCnniyayBIkgT½B

rNsirSse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa EdldwknaMeday ehgsMrin EtenA

PUmiPaKKat;minmanGñkNaP½yRBÜyenaHeT edayKitfanwgmin

GacpþÜlrMlMrbbExμrRkhm)anedaygay²enaHeT. rhUt

dl;Exmkra qñaM1979kgT½BrNsirS )anvaycUltMbn;25

tamextþtaEkv ehIyeBlenaHeyaFaExμrRkhm )an)ak;T½B

rt;ecalCYr edayxøHCiHm:UtU xøHCiHLan nigxøHCiHrfeRkaHeKc

ecjBItMbn;enaH. Gag min)anrt;ecalPUmiRsúkeT KWKat;bnþ

rs;enAPUmiRtBaMgsVadEdl b:uEnþKat;rs;edaylak;GtþsBaØaN

CaeyaFaExμrRkhmrhUtmk.

Gag )ane)aHbg;ecalCIvitCaeyaFaExμrRkhmcab;

taMgBIRbeTskm<úCaRtÚv)anrMedaHedayrNsirSse®gÁaHCati

km<úCa nigkgT½Bsμ½RKcitþevotNam ehIy)anRbkbrbrCa

ksikreFVIERs enAPUmiRtBaMgsVarhUtdl;sBVéf¶ nig)anerob

karCamYynarI EdlFøab;rs;enAGgÁPaBCamYyKñakalBIsm½y

ExμrRkhm. sBVéf¶ Gag )anmkrs;enAvtþekaHsuRkM XuMRTa

RsúkkNþalsÞwg edIm,IbeRmIRBHsgÇ. Gag cg;eFVI[citþrbs;

Kat;s¶b; nigbMePøcerOgr:avBIGtIkal eBareBjedayrbYsTaMg

ragkaynigpøÚvcitþEdlKat;Føab;CYbRbTH.Gagbnþfa Kat;min

cg;[RbeTskm<úCa Føak;cUlkñúgs®gÁammþgeTotenaHeT eRBaH

Gñkxatbg;KWCaExμr ehIyKat;k¾mincg;[ekμgCMnan;edIrtam

eRkayKnøgcas;naM[RbeTsexÞcxÞaMmþgeTotEdr. Gag sMNUm

Br[«BukmþayKYrEtbeRgónRbvtþisa®sþExμrRkhmdl;kUn²

CMnan;eRkay[Kat;)anyl;BIGVIEdlExμr)anqøgkat; nigkuM[

ekμg²TaMgenaHKuMKYnKñaEdlnaM[Gnþraydl;sgÁmCati.

sYsskl

y:g; rIm ePTRbús Gayu64qñaM sBVéf¶rs;enAkñúgPUmipÞr

XuMvalBg; Rsúk]dugÁ extþkMBg;s<W. rIm manRsukkMeNItenAPUmi

TYllaP sgáat;«eLak xNÐeBaF×EsnC½y raCFanIPñMeBj.

rIm manbgb¥Ún6nak; nigman«BukeQμaH yuk y:g; ¬søab;¦

mþayeQμaH GuWm Ca ¬søab;¦. rIm CaekμgkMRBamþaytaMgEtBI

GayuR)aMqñaMmkemø:H. RbBn§rbs; rIm eQμaH h‘un em:A ehIy

sBVéf¶enH rIm mankUncMnYn8nak; ¬Rbús4nak; RsI4nak;¦.

munqñaM1970 rIm )aneronRtwmfñak;TI9 {cas;} ehIy

)anQb;eronenAqñaM1967. enAqñaMdEdl rIm )anbYseron

enAkñúgvtþGgÁsþúk EtKat;RtÚveTAeronenAvtþsVaymas enAXuM

RbTHLag RsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþalvij. rIm bYs)an

ry³eBlbYnvsSak¾ swkmkvijenAqñaM1971.

enAqñaM1971 eRkayeBlswk rIm )ansμ½RKcitþcUl

bdivtþn_ edaydMbUgenAxagkgT½BrMedaH enAPUmiPaKBiess

sßitenAPaKBay½BüPñMeBj P¢ab;BIRsúk»r:al;Tl;nwgextþekaH

kug. rIm )aneFVIkarenAkñúgkgBlelx23 EdlmaneQμaH

eCom CaRbFanRKb;RKg. rIm )anTTYltYnaTICasñgkarneya

)ayvresnatUcelx52kþab;T½BcMnYn120nak; vayRbqaMg

nwg ln; nl;. rIm )anTTYlbnÞúkGb;rMkgT½BEpñkneya)ay

Gb;rMstiGarmμN_ dl;kgT½B[mansμartIvayxμaMgral;ecj

eTARbyuT§enAelIsmrPUmi.

enAqñaM1975 rIm RtÚv)anExμrRkhmcat;taMg[eTA

vayBIpøÚvCatielx4 mkTl;nwgextþkMBg;qñaMg. rIm )ancUl

vayenAsmrPUmiCaeRcInelIk edaydMbUgeLIy vayenAmþúMpøÚv

Catielx4 ¬GgÁtaLwk¦ )atdwg ]dugÁ pSarRtac nig lEgVk

edayTTYlC½yCmñHral;elIk. rIm )anbnþfa enAeBlcUl

Cab;KukedayKμanmUlehtu

y:g; rIm )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgCIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhmdl; Xut dalIn buKÁliksμ½RKcitþmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa enARsuk]tþúgÁ extþkMBg;s<W.




vaykñúgsmrPUmimþg²EtgmanT½Bsøab; nigrbYsBI5eTA10

nak; ehIyExμrRkhmminEdlTuksBecalenaHeTeTaHbIsRtÚv

)aj;sn§ab;mky:agNak¾eday k¾RtÚvlUneTAyksBTaMgGs;

mkvijEdr.

rhUtdl;eyaFaExμrRkhmvayEbkTIRkúgPñMeBj enA

qñaM1975 rIm k¾)ancUlPñMeBjEdr tammuxsBaØaeBaF×cintug

Twkl¥k; eBTüelaksgÇ nigsn§rm:uk CamuxsBaØaEdlExμrRkhm

dak;[. enAeBlEdl rIm cUldl;PñMeBj KWmanPaBs¶at;RCgM

bnÞab;mk rIm RtÚv)anExμrRkhmbBa¢a[CemøósRbCaCnecj

BIRkúgPñMeBj eTAtampøÚvCatielx4 [Gs;kñúgry³eBl7éf¶.

rIm )anCemøósRbCaCn[eTAtamvtþGgÁtaLwk sMedA)at;dwg

¬xaglic¦ EdlenATIenaHmankmøaMgExμrRkhmenAcaMTTYlCa

eRsc. rIm enAkarBar nigerobcMRkúgPñMeBjRbEhlCa3-4

Ex.bnÞab;mk rIm )anesñIsuMGgÁkaredIm,IerobkarCamYynarImñak;

Edl)anRsLaj;Kñaedaysμ½RKcitþ.

eRkayeBlerobcMRkúgrYcral;ehIy ExμrRkhmk¾)an

rMsayGgÁPaBrbs; rIm [eTAeFVIkarenAtamkgcl½tvij

edayeBlenaHKat;mantYnaTIkþab;kgcl½tenAkñúgRsúk26

¬Rsúk]dugÁ¦ eFVIERs nigbgábegáInpl. enAcugqñaM1975 rIm

RtÚv)anGgÁkardk[mkeFVIERsR)aMg enAtambeNþayTenø

kñúgextþkNþal rhUtdl;Ex]sPa qñaM1977. eRkABIkargar

ERs rIm )anciBa©wmman;)anRbEhlCa200-300k,al

eTot ehIyenATIenaH Kat;EtgEtlYcGnuBaØat[yuvCnEdl

esñIsuMeTAelgpÞH edaymin[GgÁkardwgeLIy.

enAqñaM1977 rIm RtÚv)anyaylI nigtamUl EdlCa

KN³tMbn;cab;dak;KukenAPñMRtBaMglVa edayKμanmUlehtu.

ehtukarN_enaH)anekIteLIgRbEhlem:agCag5l¶ac eday

rIm RtÚv)aneKcab;xøÜn rYcdwktamLanykeTAdak;enAmnÞIrXuMvtþ

GUr. rIm )anKitkñúgcitþfa GgÁkarcab;eTAefμIrenH R)akdCaRtÚv

ykeTAsmøab;Cak;Caminxan. eBlmkdl;mnÞIrXuMvtþGUr KN³

tMbn; yaylI nigtamUl )ancuHeTARbCuMCamYyemXuM edayTuk

rIm ecalenAelILan. eBlenaH rIm )aneXIjQøbekμg²

manGayuRbEhlCa15qñaM s<aykaMePøIgswgEtminputdIQr

TIenaHEdr. eRkayeBlKN³tMbn;RbCuMcb; GñkebIkbr)andwk

Kat;ykeTAdak;enAmnÞIrRsúk)at;dwgmYyyb;BIréf¶. bnÞab;

mk k¾)anbBa¢ÚnKat;eTAXuMXaMgenAPñMRtBaMglVa.

GMLúgeBl rIm Cab;KukenAPñMRtBaMglVaenH RbBn§rbs;

Kat;k¾RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;dak;KukenAsμac;Edr edayecaTRbkan;

fa rIm )anlYcrt;eTARsúkyYn. enAkñúgKukRtBaMglVa rIm RtÚv

)anGgÁkarcat;[eFVIek,Óg manGñkRKb;RKgeQμaH ln;. enA

kñúgKuk manGñkeTasRbmaN20eTA30nak; manRbúsmanRsI

enAlayKña. enATIenaH rIm Føab;)aneXIjExμrRkhmsmøab;

mnusSedayecaTfa {ekItsVay}. rIm mankarP½yxøacy:ag

xøaMg ehIyxitxMeFVIkareTVeLIgedIm,IykcitþGñkRKb;RKg eRBaH

ebIx¢ilR)akdCasøab;muneKminxan. rIm eFVIkarswgKμaneBl

Qb;sRmak eBldutek,Ógmþg² Kat;RtÚvenAemIlEfePøIgL

TaMgéf¶TaMgyb; ry³eBlCitmYyGaTitü eTIbek,Ógq¥in.

ek,ÓgEdlplit)anRtÚvbBa¢ÚneTAtamXuMsRmab;Rbk;dMbUl

CRgúkRsÚv b¤bBa¢ÚneTAmnÞIrXuMtamkaresñIsuM. enAGMLúgeBl

Cab;XuMenATIenaH rIm minRtÚv)anGñkRKb;RKgeFVITaruNkmμeT

EtRKan;EtminmansiT§iedIrehIr nigminGacmkCYbRkúmRKÜsar

sUm,IEtpÞHRbCaCnenACit²enH k¾minGacedIreTAelg)an

Edr. rIm Cab;KukenAPñMRtBaMglVarhUtdl;qñaM1979.

enAeBlEdlEbkqñaM1979 rIm )anrt;eTAenAvtþta

eBag kñúgXuMeCIgrs;. bnÞab;mk Kat;k¾rt;bnþeTATisxaglic

rhUtdl;PUmiGgÁdMrIRTg; k¾)anCYbCamYybgéfø. rIm )anCiH

reTHeTARsukCamYybgéfø. rIm min)anvilRtLb;eTApÞHedIm,I

CYbCuMRbBn§kUneT KWKat;)anRtLb;eTAenARsúkkMeNItenAPUmi

TYllaPCamYy«Bukedayminh‘anRtLb;cUlRsúk eRBaHxøac

RbCaCns¥b; nigsmøab; eRBaHKitfaxøÜnCakgT½Brbs;ExμrRkhm.

eRkaymk RbBn§kUnrbs; rIm k¾)aneTAyk rIm BIpÞH«Bukmk

enAkñúgPUmivij ehIy)anrs;enACYbCuMRbBn§kUneday)an

RbkbrbreFVIERsrhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH.Xut dalIn

36 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav

CIvit)a:rbs;éQμaH e)a: eQog )anqøgkat;ePøIg

s®gÁamtaMgBIsm½y

ln; nl; mkemø:H Edl

eBlenaHKat;sßitkñúg

v ½yekμgenAeLIy.

karRbyuT§Kñarvagkg

T½Bln; nl; nig kgT½B

bdivtþn_ExμrRkhmekIt

eL IgCaj wkjy.

RKÜsar)a:rbs;Édl

rs;enAXuMeKakRtb; RsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal )annaMKña

ePosxøÜnmkenAEk,rRsúk)aTI EdleRkaymktMbn;enaHRtÚv

)anehAfa Kuksg;. minEmnEtRKÜsarrbs;)a:ÉdlePos

xøÜnmkenaHeT manRKÜsarCaeRcIneTot k¾ePosxøÜnecjBIkar

RbyuT§KñaenHEdr. edayTItaMgEdlRKÜsarrbs;)a:éPos

xøÜnmkrs;enA sßitkñúgtMbn;ExμrRkhm ehtuenH GñkTaMgGs;

KñaRtÚvRbúgRby½tñCanic©cMeBaHkarvaylukrbs;kgT½B ln;

nl;. )a:rbs;´ RtÚvBrb¥ÚnRbústUc edIrerIsdMLÚg edIm,IhUb

cEm¥tRkBH ehIyeBlxøHRtÚvrt;cUlelNdæanPøam² enAeBl

EdlB¤sMeLgynþehaHTmøak;RKab;EbkehaHmkkan;EtCit.

eBlxøHRKÜsarrbs;Kat; RtÚvbgçMcitþnaMKñart;eTAedkkñúgéRB enA

eBlEdlkgT½B ln; nl; ebIkkarvayRbharCamYynwgkgT½B

ExμrRkhm.

bnÞab;BIC½yCmñHrbs;kgT½Bbdivtþn_ExμrRkhmenAéf¶TI

17 Exemsa qñaM1975 RKÜsar)a:rbs;́ )anseRmccitþnaMKña

eFVIdMeNIrmkRsukkMeNItenAÉPUmiRKaMgéFμ XuMeKakRtb; Rsúk

kNþalsÞwg extþkNþalvij. eBlmkdl;PUmi )a:rbs;´)an

[dwgfa RbCaCnRtÚv)anGgÁkarbMEbkecjBIRKÜsar [eTAeFVI

kartamRkúm b¤kgerog²xøÜn. )a:rbs;ÉdleBlenaHemIl

eTAmaDragFMbnþicEmn b:uEnþKat;manv½yxÞg;10qñaMenAeLIy

RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[cUlkñúgkgkumar EdlmankatBVkic©

ErkGacm_eKa ErkkNþab; elIkRbB½n§PøWERs CIkRbLay nig

kab;T®nÞanExRtykmkeFVICI. luHeRkaymk )a:rbs;´RtÚv

)anGgÁkareRCIserIscUlkñúgRkúmv½yCMTg; edaymanParkic©

emIlEf nigXValeKa. smaCikv½yCMTg;rbs;Kat; mansmaCik

srub10nak; RtÚvemIl nigXValeKacMnYn100k,al. )a:

rbs;´ nigRkúmrbs;Kat; RtÚvXValeKaBItMbn;cmáarEkv enA

sVaybIedIm rhUtdl;edImRKg nigkþak; EdlmanTItaMgenACit

pøÚvrfePøIg. Kat;)anrMB£kR)ab;́ fa eBleFVIkarenAkñúgRkúmXVal

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kgT½BevotNam KWKat;enAXValeKaEtb:ueNÑaH. Etedaysar

kEnøgKat;XValeKa sßitenAEk,rpøÚvCatielx3 Kat;k¾)an

eXIjk,Ünrfynþrbs;kgT½BevotNam CaeRcIneRKÓg nigB¤

karRbkastamemRkÚfa TIRkúgPñMeBjRtÚv)anrMedaHehIy!




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kMeNItvij bnÞab;BIsßanPaBenATIenaHnwgnr nigElgmankar

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karTmøak;RKab;Ebk ehIyKat;k¾mincg;CYb {s®gÁam} eTotEdr.

e)a: Kwmhuk

«Bukrbs; Kwmhuk bc©úb,nñrs;enAPUmiRKaMgéFμ XuMeKakRtb; RsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.



yay Ca ey:g manGayu75qñaM )anerobrab;R)ab;´

fa Kat;)an)at;bg;bgRbúsBIrnak;enAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm.

bgRbúsmñak;eQμaH Ca Kg; CaRKÚeBTü enAmnÞIreBTüFM nigmñak;

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køayCakEnøgsRmab;smøab;

mnusSrab;Ban;nak;EbbenH

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mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa enARsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.




enaH tacUc )anraykarN_R)ab;GgÁkar nig)anecaTKat;fa

CaxμaMgbMpøicbMpøajRTBüsm,tiþrbs;GgÁkar. b:uEnþ yaymin

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eBaHrYcehIy b:uEnþ tacUc eBlenaH )anecaTyayfa man

sahasμn; GMLúgeBlEdlbþIkMBugCab;XuMXaMg. tacUc )an

cat;RbBn§rbs;Kat;eTAsYrnaMyayBIbBaðamanépÞeBaHenH ehIy

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nigyayeqøIycemøIyxusKña tacUc nwgmanehtuplRKb;

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nigtadUcKña eTIbeFVI[yayrYcrs;CIvittaMgBIeBlenaHmk.

tacUc minRtwmEteFVI)abRKÜsaryayb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMg

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xøHmkRbKl;CUnyayvij.

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enaH KWkar)at;bg;bgRbúsTaMgBIrrbs;Kat;. bgRbúsTaMg

BIrrbs;yayRtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;ykeTAsmøab; eRBaHeBl

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rUbbgRbúsTaMgBIrrbs;yay k¾RtÚv)anraykarN_R)ab;eTA

GgÁkar.

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smøab;knøHEx munrbbExμrRkhmdYlrlM. dUecñHedIm,IkuM[

manBarCamYyrbbExμrRkhmeTot sBVéf¶yay)anpøas;

mksñak;enAvtþedIm,IeronFm’Gaf’.

e)a: Kwmhuk

dMNwgEsVgrkBU nigmIgnagéQμaH kb davI CakUnrbs;elak«BukeQμaH eBA kb.

«BukékItenAqñaM1930 enAPUmisUsiteRkam XuMdMNak;knÞÜt

RsukkMBg;Rtac extþkMBt. Kat;man«BukeQμaH eBA kan; nig

mþayeQμaH G‘u¿ qin.

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GaNaniKmniym)araMg. eRkaymk Kat;)aneTATIRkúghaNUy

RbeTsevotNam.

enAqñaM1954 Kat;)anerobkarCamYyRbBn§CnCati

evotNam nigmankUnRsIBIrnak;. enAqñaM1970 Kat;)ancUlmkkm<úCavij edIm,IvayRbqaMgnwgGaemrik ehIyeRkaymk

eTot ´RKan;Etdwgfa Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmsmøab;.

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enAmnÞIreBTüenH. BIkμÜYy kb davI



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b,evNIEdl)anerobrab; KWmankarcab;xøÜnrbs;edImbNþwg

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GaRkk;.

mnÞIrsnþisuxRkaMgtacan;

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elakemFavI hug KwmsYn EdlnwgeFVIkarbgðajGMBIP½sþútagenA

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kEnSg.

mnÞIrsnþisuxs-21mnÞIrsnþisuxPñMeRkalmnÞIrsnþisux

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emFavI k¾)anBnül;fa elak muI edaymincaM)ac;sarPaB




b:uEnþGacniyayBIkarQWcab;EdlKat;)anrgTukçenAeBlEdl

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nig es>GuI>Ga mankMhus b:uEnþ elak muI )anrgTukçy:agxøaMg

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)an.

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xøÜnRsLaj;.

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éneKalneya)ayEdlGnuvtþ nigkarBarbdivtþn_bkSkumμúy

nIsþkm<úCaedaykarGb;rMGMBIcMnucGaRkk; nigkarsmøab;sRtÚv

xagkñúg nigxageRkA énCYrbkS edayPaBcaM)ac;NamYy. enH

KWrYmman bnSúT§kmμépÞkñúgenAPUmiPaKbUB’aEdl)ancab;epþImkñúg

qñaM1976.

elakemFavI )anEføgfa edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI118rUb

)anTTYlsÁal;elImUldæanénkarbnSúT§kmμenH nigedImbNþwg

bIrUbEdlCaCnrgeRKaHpþl;énkareFVIbnSúT§kmμ edayerob

rab;BIbTBiesaFn_rbs;eKEdlCaGtItkmμaPi)al nigviFIEdl

BYkeKRtÚv)anrgeRKaHEdlCaeKaledArbs;kmμaPi)al

nigkgT½BenAPUmiPaKbUB’a. edImbNþwgmñak;²)anpþl;skçIkmμ

cMeBaHGarmμN_énkark,t; nigkarPJak;ep¥IlkñúgkareFVIbnSúT§kmμ

enAPUmiPaKbUB’a edaypÞúyRsLHnwgkaresμaHRtg;rbs;xøÜn

cMeBaHrbb. sßanPaBénkarrs;enArbs;kmμaPi)almuneBl

eFVIbnSúT§kmμGacerobrab;fa Bi)akCamYynwgkgVHGahar nigTwk

CaeRcInem:ag. edImbNþwgmYyrUbEdlBikarédedaysarkar

cab;xøÜnenAeBleFVIbnSúT§kmμ )ansYreTACnCab;ecaTfa etIGñk

NaCaGñkTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHPaBBikar nigkarlM)akrbs;Kat;

EdlKat;ts‘Ubnþrs;enAdl;bc©úb,nñ?

karRbRBwtþeTAelICnCaticam nigevotNam

elakemFavI eBRC GgÁ )ancab;epþImnUvkarBiPakSaén

karRbRBwtþimkelICnCaticam. Kat;)ankt;smÁal;fa kariya

l½yshecARkmesuIbGegát)anTTYlsÁal; edImbNþwgrdæb,

evNI 46rUb nigGgÁbuerCMnuMCRmH)anTTYlsÁal;edImbNþwg

rdæb,evNI 95rUbbEnßmeTotEdlTak;TgnwgkarRbRBwtþeTA

elICnCaticam. eRkABIenH edImbNþwgCnCaticam 6rUb)an

pþl;skçIkmμenAkñúgsvnakar. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)anpþl;

P½sþútagelIkarkMNt;eKaledAeTAelIRBHviharsasna kar

kemÞcKm<IrsasnaKYr:an; karbeBa¢ósCnCaticamnUvkarbn;

Rsn; karkat;sk;EdlRbqaMgnwgsasna karbeBa¢ós®sþImin

[TTUrkEnSg nigR)ab;[hUbsac;RCÚk. GVIEdlTak;Tgnwgkar

RbNib½tn_sasnaRtÚv)anhamXat; ehIynrNaEdlbdiesF

mine)aHbg;sasna nigminbriePaKsac;RCÚk nwgRtÚvbg¥t;

Gahar.

enAExtula 1975 CnCaticam)anbHe)arRbqaMgnwg

kgT½Bbdivtþn_km<úCa ehIyedImbNþwg)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBIkar

smøab; kareFVITaruNkmμ kardak;XuMXaMg nigkar)at;xøÜnrbs;Cn

Caticammun nigeRkaykarbHe)ar. elakemFavI eBRC GgÁ

)anerobrab;GMBIskçIkmμénedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIEdlRbqaMg

CamYyCYrbHe)arRbqaMgnwgExμrRkhm b:uEnþKat;)anniyayfa

CnCaticam)ansøab;eRcInCagExμrRkhm edaysarkgT½B

bdivtþn_km<úCamanGavuFl¥Cag.

bnÞab;BIkarbHe)ar CnCaticamRtÚv)anCemøóseday

bgçMecjBIPUmirbs;BYkeK nigeFVIdMeNIredayTUkCamYynwg

bBa¢amin[Rtlb;mkPUmikMeNItvijeT. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI

TaMgenaH)anerobrab;faRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAeRcIndg CamYynwg

karpþl;GaharminRKb;RKan; nigbMEbkbMEbkecjBIRKÜsar.

edImbNþwgrdæb,evNImYyrUbRtÚv)anykeTAreNþAmYyenAGUr



RtkYn EdlCakEnøgsmøab;mnusS. Kat;)anlak;xøÜn nigB¤sMeLg

ERskrbs;mnusS ehIyk¾eCOfamþay nigbg²begáItrbs;

Kat;sßitkñúgcMeNamGñkEdlERskTaMgenaHEdr. edImbNþwg

TaMgenH )anrYcxøÜnrs;ranmanCIvitedaykarrt;eKc b¤kuhk

faCa cam b¤ Exμr.

elakemFavI )anbnþesckþIEføgkarelIkareFVITukçbuk

emñjmkelICnCaticam. Kat;)anEføgfaedImbNþwgnImYy²

)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBIplGaRkk;EdlBYkeK)anrgTukç rYmman

TukçesakBIkarsøab;rbs;smaCikRKÜsar kar)at;bg;nUvkar

RbNib½tn_sasnarbs;BYkeK. PaKeRcInénedImbNþwgrdæb,

evNI)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBIkarrgeRKaHpøÚvkay dUcCakarmin)an

briePaKRKb;RKan; karbgçMeFVIkar karP½yxøacEdl)aneXIjCuM

vijBYkeK. BYkeKk¾)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBI]bkrN_Edldak;Tukç

elIBYkeK. edImbNþwg)anerobrab;BICIvPaB nigkarrMBwgTuk

RtÚv)ankat;bnßyBIeRBaHBYkeK)an)at;bg;RTBüsm,tþiRKÜsar

b¤lT§PaBkñúgkareronsURtRtÚv)ankat;bnßy.

elak eBRC GgÁ )anbgðajvIedGUGMBIedImbNþwgmYyrUb

Edl)ansYrsMNYrbnþeTACnCab;ecaT {ehtuGVI)anCasasna

TaMgGs;RtÚv)anbMpøaj rYmTaMgsasnaGuIsøam? BYkeyIgCa

GuIsøamRtÚv)aneFVITukçbukemñjCanic©enAeBlenaH. GuIsøam

TaMgGs;EdlkMBugrs;enAkm<úCacg;rs;enAedaysnþiPaB b:uEnþ

sYrRbCaCnrbs;´enAeBlenaH CMnYsmkvijBYkeKrs;enA

CamYynwgkarrgeRKaHy:agxøaMg?.

elakemFavI eBRC GgÁ )anpþl;evTikaeTAelakRsI

emFavI hÁIr:ut

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anelIkeLIgGMBItulakar nigpþl;[vKÁ

edIm,IniyayGMBIkareFVITukçbukemñjmkelICnCatievotNam

nigeKalkarN_erobkar ehIyelakRsI)annwgeFVIesckþIsnñi

dæanGMBIkarBiPakSaéntémøbBa¢ak;skçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,

evNI.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgfatulakar)anepþatelIdIka

edaHRsayGMBICnCatievotNambegáItCaCati Catisasn_

nigRkúmsasna. tulakark¾RtÚv)anepþateTAelIkarBitEdl

Tak;TgeTAnwgkarbeNþjecjénCnCatiedImevotNam enAqñaM

1975 nig1976 nigkMNt;karsmøab;cMeBaHRbCaCnsuIvil

evotNam. enAkñúgcMNucéneKaledAénkarsmøab; tulakar

nwgRtÚvkMNt;faetIkarsmøab;TaMgenaHRtÚv)anRbRBwtþeTAelI

mUldæanénExSRsLayxagmþay.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )ankt;smÁal;cMnYnsrubénedImbNþwg

rdæb,evNI 73rUb RtÚv)anyl;RBmelImUldæanénkarxUtxat

EdlBYkeK)anrgeRKaHeTAnwgkarRbRBwtþmkelICnCatievot

Nam. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI7rUb )anpþl;skçIkmμmunsvna

kar. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIénCnCatiedImevotNam 1rUb

)anmkpþl;skçIkmμmunsvnakar nigedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI6rUb

eTot CaCnCatiPaKticExμr)anpþl;skçIkmμedayCMnYsmux[

RKÜsarrbs;BYkeK b¤GñkCitxagénCnCatiedImevotNam.

elakRsIk¾)anrMB£kBIeQμaH nigbgðajBIedImbNþwgrdæ

b,evNIEdlpþl;skçIkmμelIkarRbRBwtþmkelICnCatievot

Nam nig)anEføgfa elakRsInwgbgðajBIskçIkmμKaMRTelIkar

nireTs nig]RkidækmμénGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ CamYynwgebs

skmμénkarsmøab;. elakRsI hÁIr:ut )anniyayfaskçIkmμ

rbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgGs;)aneFVI[shemFavIedIm

bNþwgrdæb,evNIdak;bgðajfa CnCatiPaKticevotNamEdl

rs;enA eBaF×cindaM enAqñaM1977 RtÚv)anbBa©ÚneTAq¶ay

ehIy mineXIjRtLb;mkvij.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgBIskçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,

evNIGMBIkarsaksYrRbCaCnCatiBn§úrbs;BYkeK nig {kar

bBa©ÚneTAq¶ay} sRmab;GñkEdlRtÚv)ankMNt;faCaCnCati

evotNam. elakRsI)anEføgBIskçIkmμelIkaredaHdUrGgár

nigGMbilEdlBIsaLagrbs;evotNameTAsaLagExμrRkhm

CamYynwgGñkdMeNIrCnCatievotNam. skçIkmμrbs;edIm

bNþwgrdæb,evNI)anEføgBIkar)at;xøÜnénsmaCikRKÜsar rYm

TaMgekμg nigkarrgTukçrbs;smaCikRKÜsarEdlenAsl;.

«BukedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCaCnCatievotNam ehIybnÞab;




mkKat;)aneFVIsakSIGMBIkarcab;rMelaPkUnRsITaMg2rbs;vr

esnIy_RtIevotNam cugeRkayKat;)ansmøab;xøÜnedIm,Ikar

BarRbBn§ nigRKÜsarrbs;Kat;BIhaniP½yEdlmanTMnak;TMng

CamYynwgKat;.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgBIP½sþútagBIedImbNþwgrdæb,

evNI4rUb Edl)anerobrab;BIkarkMNt;eKaledAsmøab;rbs;

ExμrRkhmeTAelImþay nigkUnCaCnCatievotNam edaysar

TukbþI b¤«BukCnCatiExμr[rs;enA. sRmab;kUnEdlman«Buk

CaCnCatievotNam nigmþayExμrRtÚv)anTukCIvit[. elak

RsI)anEføgfaenHbgðajBIkarekItmaneLIg nigkarGnuvtþ

énRTwsþIExSRsLayxagmþay.

karbgçM[erobkar nigkarrMelaP

bnÞab;mk elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anelIkeLIgBIc,ab;énkar

erobkar. elakRsI)anEføgfa tulakarRtÚv)anelIkykGMBI

bBaðaénkarbgçMerobkarenATUTaMgRbeTskñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCa

Fibetyü. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI 25rUb)aneFVIskçIkmμeTA

elIkmμvtßúénkarerobkarTUTaMgRbeTsenAkñúgsvnakar. edIm

bNþwgrdæb,evNI 25rUb )anpþl;skçIkmμenAGMLúgeBlebþCJa

citþerobkar nig8rUbpþl;skçIkmμBIkarerobkarrbs;BYkeK nig

5rUbpþl;skçIkmμelIkarerobkarsac;jatirbs;BYkeK.

skç Ikmμc Mn Yn25RtÚv)anviPaKkñ úgesckþ Isegçb

bBa©b;. karerobkarenAGMLúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü nig

karerobkarenAkñúgtMbn;énrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü rYmTaMg

tMbn;sVy½t 3tMbn;. CaTUeTA bursmanGayu 25qñaM nig®sþI

manGayu 20qñaM.

muneBlEføgskçIkmμ elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anniyayeTA

elIeBlkMNt;énbBaðac,ab;caM)ac;. elakRsI)ansYreTA

tulakar{etIbT]RkidæmYyNaEdlBYkeyIgBiPakSa[c,as;?

etIFatupSMGV IxøHEdlRtÚv)anbgðajenAxageRkayénvimti

sgS½y?. elakRsI)anniyayfaRbsinebIbTelμIsRBhμ

TNÐénkarerobkarRtÚv)ankMNt;enAeRkambT]RkidæRbqaMg

mnusSCatiénGMeBIGmnusSFm’epSg²enaH GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakar

kMBUl)anbBa¢ak;BIFatupSMénbT]RkidæenHenAkñúgsaldIkakñúg

sMNuMerOg002 vKÁ1. edaykarseRmcenH GgÁCMnuMCRmH

tulakarkMBUl)anBicarNafaenHKWCakarbgðajxuseBlcMeBaH

PaBsmRsbrbs;]Rkidækmμ enAkñúgkarbgðajénFatupSM Edl

minTan;eFVI[c,as;enAkñúgqñaM1975. edayPasaFmμta KWCn

Cab;ecaTminRtÚv)anrkeXIjfa mankarTTYlxusRtÚvénbT

]RkidæenaHedayminmanlkçN³Rsbc,ab;kñ úgsm½yenaH

EdlBYkeKRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH KWCabT]RkidænaeBlbc©úb,nñ.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anrMB£kBIesckþIseRmcrbs;GgÁCMnuM

CRmHtulakarkMBUlCalm¥it. elakRsI)anEføgfa enAkñúg

saldIkaenH GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUl)anGnuvtþehtupl

eTAelIbT]RkidæénclnabgçMkMeNInRbCaCn nigkarbgçM)at;xøÜn

b:uEnþ elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anBicarNafa ehtupldUcKñaenHRtÚv

GnuvtþeTAelIbBaðaerobkarmunsvnakaréf¶enH. dl;eBl

bBa©b; elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anBiPakSaeTAelI {Epnkar} EdlGgÁ

CMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUl)aneRKagesckþIseRmc.

elakRsI)anEføgfa tamry³GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakar

kMBUl CMhanTImYy KWRtÚvbeBa©jnUvsBaØaNén {GMeBIGmnusS

Fm’} CuMvijkarRbRBwtþ. kñúgsMNuMerOg 002 vKÁ 01 CMhanTI

mYy nigTIBIrénkMeNInRbCaCnRtÚv)anbegáItkñúgkarRbRBwtþ.

kñúgsMNuMerOgenH shemFavIedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCacMNuc

bgðajkñúgkarRbRBwtþEdlGgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUlKYrviPaK

KWc,ab;énkarerobkar edaykt;smÁal;fa enHKWCakarRbRBwtþ

EdlkarekIteLIgminFøab;RtÚv)anRbQmnwgPaKINamYy

rYmTaMg nYn Ca nig exovsMpn.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgfa CMhanTIBIrKW RtÚvGnuvtþelI

bTviPaKTaMgmUlénFatupSMkñúgkarsYrcemøIy. shemFavI

edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCacMNucbgðajcMeBaHkarRbRBwtþeTA

elIc,ab;énkarerobkar nigFatupSMepSg²EdltulakarRtÚvEt

viPaKKW³

u karQandl;karerobkar EdlrYmnwgsßanPaBkñúgkar

seRmcNaeTAelIkarerobkar dUcCakarRbEkk b¤minRbEkk



erobkar karekItmaneLIgénkardak;eTas ¬karvaydMpøÚvkay

karcab;rMelaP kar)at;xøÜn¦ eTAelIGñkEdlRbEkkminerobkar

u kareRCIserIsédKU ]TahrN_ lT§PaBkñúgkareRCIs

erIsédKU nigkarbBa¢aedayGgÁkar

u BiFIerobkar nigbBaðaEdlédKUsÁal;BITmøab;muneBl

erobkarb¤eT édKUsÁal;KñaBImunmkb¤eT vtþmanRKÜsarmanenA

kñúgBiFIb¤eT etIGgÁkarmantYnaTIGVIenAkñúgBiFI etImankarebþCJa

citþRtÚv)aneFVIenAmuxGgÁkar nigetImanb¤minmanEdlGacbnþ

BiFItamTMenomTmøab;RbéBNI

u BiFIerobGaBaN_BiBaN_rYmman karrs;enACabþIRbBn§

karRtÜtBinitüelIédKUedIm,I[R)akdfamankarrYmdMeNk kar

KMramkMEhgkñúgkarbdiesFkñúgkarrYmdMeNk kardak;eTaskñúg

karbdiesFminrYmdMeNk eday[mankarcab;rMelaP

u vi)akénkarerobkarcMeBaH karmanépÞeBaH nigkar

rMlUtkUn

CamYynwgFatupSMkñúgcitþ shemFavIedImbNþwgrdæb,

evNImanKMniteTAelIbBaðaénvin½ykñúgkarerobkarEdlFMCag

karyl;RBmerobkar.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anniyayfa CMhanTIbI KWGgÁCMnuMCRmH

RtÚvsmÁal;siT§i nigkarhamXat; EdlbgçMenAqñaM1975 kñúg

pøÚvc,ab; Edlb:HBal;nUvkarRbRBwtþénvin½ykñúgkarerobkar.

GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUl)an[]TahrN_eTAnwgkarRbkas

CasklsþIBIsiT§imnusSqñaM1948. enAkñúgkarRbkasenH

maRta3 FanabuKÁlmñak;siT§irs;ranmanCIvit manesrIPaB

nigsnþisux. maRta 5 KμanbuKÁlNaRtÚv)aneFVI)ab eFVITaruN

kmμ nigdak;eTasedayPaBeXareXA nigGmnusSFm’y:ag

efakTabeLIy. maRta 12 KμanbuKÁlNaRtÚv)anrgeRKaH

kñúgkareRCótERCgCIvitÉkCn b¤saFarNCn nig maRta 16

pþl;[karerobkarRtÚv)anRbRBwtþeLIgedaykaryl;RBm nig

esrIPaBsRmab;édKUGnaKt. siT§iyl;RBm nigesrIPaB

kñúgkarerobkar KWrYmTaMgkareRCIserIsfaetIeBlNa b¤buKÁl

NaedIm,Ierobkar.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )ankt;smÁal; cMNucTIbYnkñúgEpnkar

Edl)ankMNt;edayGgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUlkñúgkarrMelaP

bMBany:agF¶n;F¶r nig)anGeBa¢IjGgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakardMbUgmk

BicarNabTdæansmrmüénmaRta 16EdlTak;Tgnwgkaryl;

RBm nigesrIPaBkñúgkarerobkar. elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anman

Rbsasn_faGnusBaØaGnþrCatiCaeRcInsþIBIsiT§imnusSEdl)an

begáIteLIgkaryl;RBmnigesrIPaBkñúgkarerobkar BIGnusBaØa

sþIBIsiT§imnusSrbs;GgÁshRbCaCatiqñaM1966 eTAGnusBaØa

elIkarlubbM)at;ral;TRmg;énkarerIseGIg®sþIqñaM1979 nig

sMNuMerOg Sisay muntulakarBiesssRmab;RbeTsesor:a

eLGUn. cMNuccugeRkaykñúgEpnkar KWkarkMNt;karRbRBwtþpþl;

sIlFm’CaFM b¤karrgeRKaHpøÚvkay Edlb:HBal;nUvragkayF¶n;

F¶r b¤esckþIéføfñÚrénmnusS.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgcMeBaHkarrMelaPelIsucritPaB

pøÚvkayEdlekIteLIgenAeBlbgçMerobkar b¤eBlbgçMkñúgkar

dak;eTasedaybdiesFkarerobkar. TaMgenHKWCa karrMelaP

bMBany:agF¶n;F¶r.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anniyaybnÞab;GMBIkarxusKñarvag

karerobkaredayerobcMTuk nigkarerobkaredaybgçM. elak

RsI)ansmÁal;fa emFavIkarBarkþIniyayfa vin½yrbs;GgÁkar

kñúgkarerobkarKWCakarerobkaredayerobcMTukEdlGgÁkar

mantYnaTICa«Bukmþay ehIyemFavIkarBarkþIniyayfa Rbsin

ebIGgÁCMnuMCRmHEsVgyl;faenHKWCa karerobkaredaybgçM

dUecñHGgÁCMnu MCRmHRbqaMgnwgkarerobkaredayerobcMTuk.

b:uEnþ elakRsI hÁIr:ut )anCMTas; karerobkaredayerobcMTuk KW

édKUryl;RBm. b:uEnþenHpÞúyKñaRsLH RbsinebIkarerobcMTuk

PaKImçagminyl;RBmKWCakarerobkaredaybgçM.

elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anrMB£kfaetIédKU[siT§ieBjelj nig

esrIPaByl;RBm nigsnñidæanfa P½sþútagbgðajBIPaBpÞúyxus

edaybriyakasP½yxøac dUcEdlmansiT§ieBjelj nig

esrIPaBkñúgkaryl;RBm KWminGaceTArYc. elakRsI hÁIr:Ud

)anBiPakSaGMBIskçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIEdlKaMRTnwg




saßnPaBP½yxøac nigGsmtßPaBkñúgkarRbEkkminerobkar

TaMgburs nig®sþI. EfmBIenHeTAeTot edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI

)anpþl;skçIkmμfa BYkeKminRtÚv)anpþl;dMNwgGMBIéf¶ nigeBl

evlaerobkar. BiFIGacmanEtkarENnaMrbs;GgÁkar ehIy

edImbNþwg)anniyayeTotfaBYkKat;RtÚv)anrMelaPedaybþI

EdlRtÚv)anCMrujedayPaBP½yxøacénplvi)akkñúgkarQan

cUlkarerobkar. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIrdæb,evNITaMgGs;

)anpþl;skçIkmμfa BYkeKmansMBaFkñúgkarerobkar.

témøénskçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI

bnÞab;mk elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anBiPakSaGMBItémøGgÁehtu

rbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI. TImYy elakRsI)anrMB£ktulakar

ekItmaneLIgedaymanvtþmanrbs;edImbNþwg tamry³nitI

vIFIc,ab;rbs;km<úCa. elakRsIk¾)anelIkeLIgBIFmμCati

Biessrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI EdlBYkeKKWCaGñkFøab;)an

rs;enAqøgkat;kñúgrbbExμrRkhm nigrgeRKaHBIbT]RkidæTaMg

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cas;vij. minyUrb:unμan GñkmkBIxagnirtIk¾cab;epþImCemøós

GñkRsuk nig«Bukmþay´[eTAenAXuMéRCkñúg RsukkMBg;RtEbk

extþéRBEvg Gs;ry³eBlRbEhlmYyqñaM rhUtdl;

cugqñaM1978. muneBlRtÚvCemøósmkenAXuMéRC KWenA

cugqñaM1977 mþay´sñak;enARsukc®nÞa extþsVayerog

Gs;ry³eBlRbEhlBIrEx k¾RtÚv)anGñkRKb;RKgExμr

RkhmenAc®nÞaR)ab;t²Kña[mkehAtaxagmþay´ k¾dUc

Cacas;²Edlrs;enAkñúgPUmiCaeRcInykeTA)at;Qwg

enAmþúMxageCIgTIrYmextþsVayerog ¬eRkaymkeBlEbk

qñaM1979 manmnusSmñak;Føab;eFVIQøbenAc®nÞa kñúg

rbbExμrRkhm )anmkR)ab;mþay´fa tarbs;´sÁm

manBukmat; BukcgáaEvg² RtÚv)anExμrRkhmykcb

vayTmøak;eTAkñúgreNþA søab;y:agevTna¦. muneTAXuMéRC

extþéRBEvg mþay´RtÚv)anExμrRkhm[eTACIkERBkenA

RsukrmasEhk. cMENk«Buk´ nigGñkeBjkmøaMg

BI20eTA30nak;epSgeTot RtÚveTARckRsÚv niglIRsÚv

dak;Rtak;T½renA)aTI/ )avit nig vtþekaH ¬sßitenAxagt,Úg

TIrYmextþ¦. kñúgeBlenaH mankarRbyuT§KñarvagkgT½B

evotNam nigkgT½BExμrRkhm Edl«Buk´)aneXIj

eyaFaExμrRkhmsøab;Gs;mYycMnYn ehIy)an[yuT§narI

EsgexμacedIrEk,r²«Buk´ edayexμacTaMgenaH xøHRtÚv«Bukmþayrbs; esaP½NÐ/ esaPNÐ nigb¥ÚnBIrnak;ftenAsgáat;XμÜj qñaM1988






)aneQøIgTamCaeRcIn. enAeBlEdlmankarRbyuT§Kña Rkúm

rbs;«Buk´RtÚvp¥akkargarmYyry³eBlxøI ehIyPaKeRcIn

karvayRbyuT§KñaekIteLIgenAeBlresol. dUecñH Kat;RtÚv

p¥akBIéf¶resolEdr rhUtdl;l¶ac k¾Rbjab;mksRmakenA

kEnøgEdlmansuvtßiPaBsßitenAEk,r²TIrYmextþsVayerog

vij.

mYyry³eRkaymk GgÁkartRmÚv[Rkúmrbs;«Buk´

mkRck niglIRsÚvenAmþúMGgÁtasU xageCIgTIrYmextþsVayerog.

eBlmkeFVIkarRck niglIRsÚvenAkEnøgenaH Kat;)andaM)ay

hUbEq¥t².cMENkmþay´Kat;enACIkERBkkñúgRsúkrmasEhk

extþsVayerog Edlman TTwgRbEvgdb;Em:Rt CeRmAbIEm:Rt

nigbeNþayCaeRcInKILÚEm:Rt EdlkarCIkERBkenaH KWRtÚvCIk

kat;éRBEtmþg. kargarCIkERBk mankarlM)akNas; Et

mñak;²enAEtxitxMeFVIkar ehIycas;TuMEdlCaGñkmUldæanenATI

enaHEtgmanbMNgl¥ nig)anCYyR)ab;[ecHRtNm kuM[

niyay GVIepþspþas. ehtuenHehIy GñkEdleFVIkargarCIk

RbLayenATIenaH Etg)ansuxCahUrEhrhUtmk. cMENk

xagRkúmburs²mYycMnYnEdlmkCIkERBkEdr Edlmat;rGil

niyayeRcIn eBleXIjmanpÁrlan; b¤epøkbenÞarRBak²elI

emX k¾niyayelgesIcfa nrNaekHEdkekHeTotehIy

nig)anniyayBakükMbøúkkMEbøgmYycMnYn )anCYbnwgeRKaHrnÞH

)aj;søab;mYyBIrminsUvelaHéf¶eLIy.

«Bukmþay´ )anrs;enAEbkKñaCitmYyqñaM cab;BIcugqñaM

1977 KWeBlmankarvaylukluyBIsMNak;kgT½Bevot

NamcUlmk mþay´)ansñak;enAc®nÞa rhUtdl;qñaM1978

eTIb)anCYbKñavij KWeBlEdlExμrRkhm)aneFVIkarCemøós[

Kat;eTArs;enAmþúMXuMéRC extþéRBEvg. mþay´enAEtrmøwkerOg

r:avrbs;«BukKat;Cajwkjab;fa taMgBIenAekμgem:øH tarbs;´

CamnusSminsUvcUlcitþniyayelgesIceRcIneT kRmman

GñkNah‘anvayeFVI)ab b¤elgesIcCamYyKat;Nas; eRBaH

Kat;Rbkan;eRcIn rhUtdl;eBlKat;cUlv½yCMTg; Kat;cg;ecH

viC¢aKunTukkarBarxøÜn.Kat;xitxMBüayamhat;eronNas; Etkar

xitxMBüayamrbs;Kat;minTan;BUEklμm[Kat;eBjcitþeT.

eBlcUldl;v½ykemøaH Kat;)anlYcykRkbIeLIgkmYynwm

ykeTAlk; edIm,ImanlT§PaBeTATIq¶ay dUcCaextþ)at;dMbg

CaedImedIm,IeFVIkarhat;eronbEnßmeTot rhUtdl;karhat;eron

rbs;Kat;)anseRmclT§pllμmsmnwgcitþrbs;Kat;. Kat;

EfmTaMgecHpSMfñaMExμrBüa)alGñkCMgW edayminkMNt;TamTar

R)ak;BIGñkCMgWb:ueNÑH b¤b:ueNÑaHeLIy EtebIGñkCMgWniyayfa[

R)ak;eRcIn Etdl;eBlBüa)alehIy[R)ak;minRKb; b¤eBlGñk

CMgWmin[mþg² kñúgxøÜnrbs;ta´EtgeFVITukçlM)akCanic©. eBl

xøHKat;vay dal;pÞHesÞIrEtrlMpÞHpgk¾man.

enAcugqñaM1977 EdlkgT½BevotNamvaybeNþj

eyaFaExμrRkhmmkCitmkdl;TIrYmextþsVayerog kgT½B

evotNam)anekorRbCaCnExμrCaeRcInnak;RtLb;eTARbeTs

evotNamCamYyvij. EtsMNagl¥ EdlRKÜsar´)anrYcxøÜn

esÞIrRKb;Kña. CIta´)anRkajminRBm[T½BevotNamekor

ykeTACamYyeT Kat;)ancUleTAbnøMkñúghVÚgeKa RkbI edjcab;

ykeKa RkbIrbs;Kat;ykmkPUmivij edaykñúgcitþKitfa Rsúk

eTsmansnþiPaB ElgekIts®gÁam KμanExμrRkhmNamkeTot

eT. manGñkecHniyayevotNam )ansYrT½BevotNam ehIy

T½BevotNam)anR)ab;fa kgT½BxøÜnGacdkfyeTARsúkvij

ehIyRkúmExμrRkhmGacnwgmkeTot Etta´minRBmeCOeK

eT. dUcEdlT½BevotNam)anniyayR)ab;Emn bnÞab;BIT½B

evotNam)andkeTAsuRkvijtamkarcrca)anmYyéf¶ Exμr

Rkhm)ancUlmkvijeBjPUmiRsúk KWenAeBlenaHehIy

EdlCIta´PJak;xøÜn ehIyKat;Gt;hUb)ayry³eBlBIrbIéf¶

edaysarkMhusrbs;Kat;. minyUrb:unμan ExμrRkhm )anmk

RbmUlykta nigcas²CaeRcInenAPUmiEk,rTIrYmextþ ykeTA

ehIy)an)at;xøÜnrhUtmk.

bnÞab;BIExμrRkhmCemøósGñkRsúkc®nÞaeTAXuMéRC extþ

éRBEvg )anCagBIrEx ExμrRkhmk¾)anbBa¢a[CemøósbnþeTA

kEnøgq¶ayeTot EdlkarCemøósBIdMbUg BImþúMéRCeTAdl;kMBg;

cmøgGñkelOgedayefμIreCIg. cMENkyayxag«BukEdl



mkmunCamYymIg RtÚv)ankt;eQμaHcUlkñúgbBa¢IesovePAFMrYc

ehIy ehIy[GñkmanRKÜsarmkmunenaHeTAenAshkrN_

eBaF×sat; nig)at;dMbg xusBIkEnøgshkrN_Edl«Bukmþay

G‘¿´mkdl;eRkay b:uEnþExμrRkhmRbKl;siT§[yayxag«Buk

´Etmñak;Kt;[eTAenAshkrN_xagmIg´k¾)an xag«Buk nigG‘¿

´k¾)an.

kalenaH yayedIreTAmk² mincg;dac;citþBIkUnmYy

NaeT enAeBlRBwkehobnwgecjkaNUtBIkMBg;cmøgGñkelOg

yayrlIgrelagTwkEPñkedIrcuHedIreLIgCaeRcIndg. G‘¿Rbús

xag«Buk´R)ab;fa yayÉgEth‘aneTAtamkUnRsI c,as;Ca

TwkEPñkdl;k,alCgÁg;minxan eBlmanGasnñGn;RkGI kUnRsI

minGacCYyykGasa)aneLIy. yaydwgerOgenH b:uEnþmin

dac;citþBIkUnRsIEdlKñaeTIbnwgmankUnx©Ipg k¾seRmccitþeTA

tamkUnRsITaMgminsmnwgbMNgEdlcg;suMGgÁkar[GnuBaØat

)anrs;enACYbCuMkUnecATaMgGs;kñúgshkrN_EtmYy. cab;BI

eBlenaHmk k¾)at;dMNwgyay nigmIgxag«BukrhUt.

dMeNIrecjtamk)a:l;BIGñkelOgtaMgBIRBwkrhUtdl;

yb; eTIbmkdl;c,arGMeBA bnÞab;BIGgÁkarEck)ay nigbBa©aMg

kun[emIlcb;mYyerOg k¾Rbjab;[RbCaCnRsÚteLIgCiH

rfynþRkúgFM²ebIksMedAmksßanIy_rfePøIgTaMgyb;bnþdMeNIr

rhUtdl;PøW eTIbmkdl;valmYymþúMRsúk)akan extþeBaF×sat;.

eBlenaH manGñkRKb;RKgBIrbInak;mkrg;caMrYcCaeRsc ehIy

)anykbBa¢IeQμaHmkGan nig)anTTYlykRbCaCneTAtam

kEnøgerog²xøÜn. cMENk«Bukmþay´RtÚveTAhYsBITIenHeTA

dl;Rsúkemagb£sSI extþ)at;dMbg KWshkrN_ {cahYy}.

cab;BIcugqñaM1978enAshkrN_cahYyenH«Bukmþay

´ RtÚv)ancat;[eFVIkarenAkEnøgepSg²Kña KW«Buk´RtÚveTAeFVI

karxagkab;dgkNþb;ykmkRkgeFVIsøwksRmab;Rbk;dMbUgpÞH

nigedIrrkGusenAéRBCit²shkrN_ ehIyKat;)anTTYlrbb

GaharCabbreQμalhUbCamYynwgsmø. cMENkmþay´vij

RtÚvRcÚtRsÚvrhUtdl;yb; ehIyRtÚvedIrRbmUlkNþab;RsÚv

EdlRcÚt)anykeTA[GñkepSgeTote)ak rYcehIyRtÚvRbmUl

plRsÚvEdle)akEbnehIyRckcUlkñúgkarugBN’s kñúgmYy

karugTm¶n;RbEhlémÖKILÚRkam. eBlRckrYcehIy Kat;RtÚv

Rbjab;TUlkarugRsÚvTaMgGs;enaH ykeTAdak;kñúgCRgúkkNþal

éRBEdlmancm¶ayRbEhlCagdb;KILÚEm:Rt edaykñúgmYy

éf¶TYl[)anBIrkarr:ug ¬bYnRtLb;¦. karN_EdlCBa¢ÚnRsÚv

ykeTAdak;kñúgCRgúkkNþaléRBenaH manpøÚvmYyRtÚv)an

hammin[edIrkatb¤edIrEk,r.maneBlmYy edayGs;kmøaMg

xøaMg mþay´k¾)ansRmakRCúleBl. edIm,IRsÚtdMeNIr[elOn

Tan;eBlevla Kat;minedIrpøÚvvageT KWKat;edIrpøÚvkat;EdleK

hammin[edIr KWedIrtamPøWERsmanRbLayenAEk,r²ERs nig

manreNþArak;² EdleBlenaHKat;)aneXIjsaksBbYndb;

nak;EdleTIbnwgsmøab;ehIyfμI². kñúgcMeNamsaksBTaMg

enaH manxøHbg;kRkmaBN’exov EdlGgÁkareTIbnwgEck[

b:unμanéf¶munnwgykmksmøab;enH. minxusKñaeT mnusSPaK

eRcInEdlGgÁkarEckRkmaBN’exov[RtÚvGgÁkarykeTA

smøab;TaMgRKÜsar² ehIyebItamdwgBIGñkmUldæanEdlman

citþl¥mYycMnYn )anniyayR)ab;fa Kat;GaNitbgb¥ÚnxagPUmi

PaKbUB’a EdlGgÁkarCemøósykmkTIenHNas; tamKeRmag

rbs;GgÁkar KWsmøab;ecalTaMgGs; EtCadMbUgeKTukkmøaMgeRbI

karsin ehIyebImanEpnkar[smøab; KWRtÚvsmøab;kñúgmYyéf¶

cMnYnR)aMRKÜsar.

maneBlmYyenaH mþay´)anRtLb;mkBIgUtTwkvij

BYkQøbenAshkrN_Ek,renaH edIrmkpwksuI )anniyay

R)ab;mþay´fa xitxMRbwgERbgeFVIkareTA ERkgmanP½BVsMNag

l¥ maneKmkCYyrMedaH nigmanP½BVsMNag )anvilRtLb;eTA

rs;enAÉRsúkkMeNItvij. bnÞab;mk kgQøbk¾cg;esñIsuMyk

mþay´ nigKIñKñaKat;BIrbInak;eTotEdlFat;² mansm,úrs²

ykeTAkEnøgrbs;xøÜn EtRtÚv)anRbFanrbs;mþay´Edlman

citþl¥CYyedaHRsay eday)anniyayt¥ÚjEt¥rfa Kμansl;

kmøaMgeRcInTuksRmab;eFVIkareT enAsl;Etb:uNÑwg sUmGFüaRs½y

minGac[)aneT.

mþay´rs;enAkñ úgshkrN_)at;dMbg)anry³eBl




RbEhlR)aMExsPaBkarN_kan;EtRcbUlRcbl; edaykgT½B

evotNam nigkgT½BExμr ¬xag ehg sMrin/ Eb:n suvNÑ¦ )an

vaylukcUlmkBITisxaglicTIrYmextþ)at;dMbg KWvaycUlmk

shkrN_kat;taméRB. ehtuenH ExμrRkhmTb;Tl;minQñH

k¾RbmUlRbCaCnenAtamshkrN_epSg²[mkCYbCuMKña.

bnÞab;mkGgÁkar)ancat;[RbCaCnmYycMnYneTACIkreNþAGs;

ry³eBlbIéf¶ edayCIk)anCeRmAEtRtwmk,alCgÁg;b:ueNÑaH

edaysardImanlayCamYyfμ. cMENk«BukénAxagerobcM

)ayTwk[RbCaCnhUb Émþay´vijenARkúmRkgs,Úvvij.

kñúgGMLúgCIkreNþAry³eBlbIéf¶enaH ebItamkarB¤t² KWedIm,I

eFVICIrUbmnusS ¬smøab;mnusSehIyykmkkb;kñúgreNþAenH¦.

b:uEnþ edaysPaBkarN_clacl eRBaHenAtamkEnøgCaeRcIn

enAEk,r²enaH manRbCaCnCaeRcInkMBugePosxøÜnedIrqøgkat;

kEnøgEdl«Bukmþay´rs;enA eBlenaHmþay´k¾)ansYrGñk

EdledIrkat; eTIbdwgfa evotNam)anvaycUlmkbeNþIr²

ehIy edaymanB¤sñÚrRKab;kaMePøIgCaeRcInpg. bnÞab;mk

RbFanerag)ay )annaMRbCaCneTAedkenAkñúgéRBBIryb; luH

RBwkeLIgenAéf¶TIbI eTIbR)ab;RbCaCnenAshkrN_TaMgGs;Kña

[rkRsÚv GgárTukedaHRsayhUberog²xøÜn ehIyGacecj

dMeNIreTAkEnøgepSg²EdlxøÜncg;eTA)an.

«Bukmþay´ rYmCamYyGñkenAkñúgshkrN_epSgeTot

)ancakecjBIshkrN_enaH edayeFVIdMeNIrGs;ry³eBl

BIryb;BIréf¶ luHdl;RBwkéf¶TIbIRbEhlCaem:ag7-8 TaMg

Gs;Kña)anCYbQøbekμg²BIrnak;enAEk,rpøÚvrfePøIg )anelIk

kaMePøIgbRmúgnwg)aj;smøab;RkúmKat; EtedayeXIjRbCaCn

eRcInkkkuj nigmankarebþCJacitþrbs;RbCaCnxøHkñúgcMeNam

enaH[eRtómkaMbit nigBUefA dMbgeFVICaGavuF edIm,IRbyuT§bþÚr

pþac;CamYyQøb;ekμg²BIrnak;enaHkñúgkrNI)aj; eTIbekμg

QøbTaMgBIrnak;enaHminh‘an)aj; ehIy)anniyayR)ab;fa

GñkTaMgGs;KñamansMNagehIyEdlkgT½BExμrRkhmeTIbEt

dkecjBITIenHkalBIl¶acmuij. Qøb;ekμg²TaMgBIrenH)an

R)ab;eTotfa sUmkuMeFVIdMeNIreTATisxagekIt eRBaHT½BminTan;

dkeT ebIeTAKYreTATisxageCIgvij eRBaHT½B)andkecjBIl¶ac

Gs;ehIy. RbCaCnTaMgGs; k¾)aneFVIdMeNIreTATisxageCIg

tamQøbekμg²R)ab; KW)ansuxsb,ayEmn. b:uEnþeBlkMBug

EteFVIdMeNIreTAmux edaykarsb,ayePøcxøÜn Rsab;Etman

mnusSmñak;rt;mkBIeRkay ehIyERskR)ab;fa [xitxMbegáIn

el,Ón[elOn eRBaHQøbekμgBIrnak;enaH )aneTARbmUlKñava

enAshkrN_ )ancMnYnRbEhlEssibnak;kMBugedjtamBI

eRkay nigekorRbCaCn)anmYykMNat;xageRkay)at;ehIy.

ÉGñkxøHeTotEdlminTan;ekor)an xMrt;y:agelOneTAmux nig

)anR)ab;RbCaCnEdlenAxagmux[xMRbwgedIr[elOnedIm,I

)anrYcputTukçP½yTaMgGs;Kña. kñúgeBlrt;enaH mþayćab;

epþImmanépÞeBaHrUb´ )anRbEhlCaBIreTAbIEx KWcab;epþImcaj;

dMbUgenAExRcÚt ¬Exmkra b¤ExkumÖ³¦. mþayéFVIdMeNIrmkdl;

shkrN_mYyenAEk,renaHEdlmanmnusSrs;enAtictYc ehIy

ebItamGñkrs;enATIenaHR)ab;fa GñkenAkñúgshkrN_enHPaK

eRcInKWkUnkat;cinEdl)anCemøósmkBIPñMeBj ehIydl;ry³

kaleRkay²mk edaymankareFVI)ab nigminsUvpþl;Gahar

[hUbRKb;RKan;eFVI[mñak;²cuHsÁm ekItmanCMgW nigedkdUl

søab;enAkñúgERsCabnþbnÞab;.«BukmþayécHEteFVIdMeNIreTA

muxCabnþrhUtElgeXIjRkúmQøbedjtamBIeRkay. eBl

eFVIdMeNIrbnþ)anbnþic k¾)anCYbnwgGñkCiHesHmñak;EdlCa

TahanesuIbkarN_ rYmCamYyeyaFaExμr nigkgT½BevotNam

CaeRcIn)anmkR)ab;fa xøÜnmkrMedaHeT GñkTaMgGs;Kña)ansux

sb,ayehIy. niyayBIGñkxøHEdlrt;mkCamYyKñaEdl

ecHniyayevotNam )ansuMfñaMeBTüBIT½BevotNam)anxøH²

ehIyk¾manGñkxøHeTotsuMCiHrfynþCamYykgT½BevotNam

mkdl;PñMeBjeTotk¾man.

kareFVIdMeNIrecHEtbnþCahUrEh edayeBlxøHRtÚvedIr

tambeNþaypøÚvrfePøIg eBlxøHRtÚvedIrvagcUléRBeTot TMraM

)anmkdl;pøÚvekAs‘U ¬pøÚvCatielx5¦ nigbnþmkeTot rhUtdl;

TIrYmextþeBaF×sat; eTIb)anCYbmIgxagmþay G‘¿RsIxagmþay nig

bgCIdUnmUyRsIBIrnak; bgCIdUnmYyRbúsmñak;. eBlrs;enA



CamYyKña edayxVHkarRbúgRby½tñ mþaymIg´ )andaM)ayGgár

sRmÚb eBlBisarYceFVI[yay´QWeBaHCaerogral;éf¶ taMg

BIrakmYyéf¶mþg BIrdg rhUtdl;rakjab;eLIg². enAtampøÚv

eFVIdMeNIr eBleXIjhaglk;fñaM Kat;k¾ykGgáreTAdUrykfñaM

mk[yayelb EtCMgWminCasHes,IyesaH. s)aþh_dMbUg

yayenAedIr)an luHcUldl;s)aþh_TIBIr yaykan;EtTn;eTA²

eTIbRkúmRKÜsaréFVIreTHdak;yayehIyrujrhUtdl;mnÞIreBTü

RsúkRkKr. yay´sRmakeBTü)ancMnYnbIéf¶ Kat;k¾)an

søab;enATIenaHeTA edaysaRKÚeBTüminykcitþTukdak;. eBl

enaH GñkmanluyRtÚv)anRKÚeBTüykcitþTukdak;sUrnaM Binitü

nigpþl;fñaMBüa)al. rIÉGñkRk Gt;manluydUcCayay´

¬luykalenaHsMedA mas b¤vtßúmantémøepSg² EdlGac

edaHdUr)an¦ rg;caMEtéf¶søab;b:ueNÑaH. RkúmRKÚeBTüTaMgenaH

minsUvmkEk,ryayéT mYyéf¶CYnkalmksYrKat;EtmYy

m:at;BIr k¾edIrecjElgmkemIlrhUt sUm,IEtfñaMmYyRKab; k¾

min)anpþl;[Kat;Edr.

rmøwkBIG‘¿RsI KUy RtÚvEbkBIkUnecArhUt eBlrt;mkxag

evotNamEdlkMBugrulcUlmkkan;Etekok k¾cMExSeRtóm

rbs;ExμrRkhmEdlkMBugeRtómBYnsÞak;caM)aj;RbharbNþal

[Kat;CamYynwgRbCaCnepSg²eTot Edlrt;mkBITisCamYy

Kñasøab;enAeBlenaH ¬enHtamkarerobrab;[dwgBIbgRsICIdUn

mYyrbs;´ EdlmanGayuRbEhlnwgmþay´¦. cMENkG‘¿

Rbús Ep vij EdlCakmμaPi)alExμrRkhmeFVIkarenAXuM nigRsúk

k¾RtÚvkmμaPi)aldUcKñaEdlmancitþRcENnedayeXIjG‘¿man

RbCaRbiyPaBCag )anrYmKMnitKñacab;Kat;ykeTA ehIytaMg

BIeBlenaHmkmin)aneXIjKat;vilRtLb;mkvijeT KW)at;xøÚn

rhUt ¬«BukmþayénAcaMGñkEdleFVI)abG‘¿ b:uEnþKat;mincg;

rmøwkerOgenHeLIgvijeT¦.

bnÞab;BIyay)ansøab;enAkñúgmnÞIreBTüRkKr)anry³

eBlbIéf¶ RkúmRKÜsar´)anerobcMbBa©úHsBenAkEnøgmYyrYc

ral;ehIyk¾)aneFVIdMeNIrbnþmkeTot.kareFVIdMeNIrelIkenH

hak;)anelOnCagkalBIyayenAmanCIvit. «BukmþayéFVI

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]btßmÖkare)aHBum<pSayeday TIPñak;garGPivDÆn_GnþrCati shrdæGaemrik (USAID)

GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayedayRksYgB½t’man énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RbkaseTsrdæm®nþInigrdæm®nþIRksYgB½t’manelx 0291Bm/99cuHéf¶TI2 ExsIha qñaM1999

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa ³ kariyal½yB½t’mansaFarN³

pÞHelx 66/ mhavifIRBHsIhnu PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa TUrsBÞ ³ ¬855¦ 23 211 875 TUrsar ³ ¬855¦ 23 210 358

DC-Cam/PIR : #66 u Preah Sihanouk Blvd u Phnom Penh u Cambodia u Tel: (855) 23 211 875 u Fax: (855) 23 210 358 u [email protected] u www.dccam.org.

A magazine of the Documentation Center of Cambodia: Searching for the truth. u Number 211, 2017 u Funded by USAID.

Licensed by the Ministry of Information of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Prakas No.0291 P.M/99, 2 August 1999.

esovePArMB£kviBaØaNkçn§GñkEdl)ansøab;

enAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm

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rbs;GñkEdlsøab;)at;bg;CIvitenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm. knøgmk mCÄmNÐlÉksar

km<úCa)ancgRkgnUveQμaHGñkEdlsøab;Cag1lannak;rYcmkehIy. RbsinebIelak

yay elakta G‘¿ BU mIg R)afñacg;[eQμaHsmaCikRkúmRKÜsarEdl)ansøab;)at;bg;

CIvitmanenAkñúgesovePAenH sUmTak;Tgmkkan;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCatamry³ v:an;fan;

eBAdar:a TUrsBÞelx 012 846 526 b¤ GuIEm:l ³ [email protected] [)an

qab;rh½stameBlevlaEdlGaceFVIeTA)an.

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søab; ¬ebIGaccaM)an¦/ 6¦ RtÚvCaGVInwgGñkRbkas ¬]TahrN_³ «Buk mþay bgRbús

b¥ÚnRbús bgRsI b¤b¥ÚnRsI¦/ 7¦ sac;erOgTak;Tgnwgkarsøab; ¬]TahrN_ ³ søab;enA

TINa? mUlehtuGVI?¦/ 8¦ vtßútagTak;TgnwgGñksøab; ¬]TahrN_³ rUbft Éksar b¤vtßú

epSg²¦/ 9¦ B½t’mansRmab;mCÄmNÐlTak;Tg ¬]TahrN_³ elxTUrs½BÞ Gas½ydæan¦.

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1¦ eQμaHGñk)at;xøÜn/ 2¦ ePT/ 3¦ Gayu/ 4¦ RtÚvCaGVI/ 5¦ sac;erOgTak;Tgnwg

karEbkKña/ 6¦ vtßútagTak;TgnwgGñk)at;xøÜn ¬]TahrN_³ rUbft Éksar b¤vtßúepSg²¦.

edIm,IyutþiFm’nigkarcgcaMEdlCamUldæand¾sMxan;kñúgkarpSHpSaCati

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