israel's story in maps - English
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I I s s r r a a e e l l ’ ’ s s S S t t o o r r y y i i n n M M a a p p s s MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS JERUSALEM
description
Provide factual and background material through maps and graphs which address key aspects about Israel, the Arab-Israel conflict, and the peace process.
Transcript of israel's story in maps - English
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MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRSJERUSALEM
INTR
OD
UC
TION
The Arab-Israel conflict and the peace process have for decades been a focus forworld-wide attention – on the part of the media, academia, political andgovernmental institutions, NGOs, religious groups, the business world, and thepublic at large.
With the passage of time, some of Israel's critics have increasingly allowed theirapproach to the problem to be shaped by myths, slogans, prejudices and lack ofknowledge, rather than by solid facts. This has been seen, for example, in matterspertaining to the territories in dispute between Israel and the Palestinians: thehistorical background is often either unknown or ignored. Moreover, even whendealing with the present situation – the problem of terrorism, regional dangers, andthe impact of topography on borders – the context is often not taken into account.
The purpose of this publication is to provide factual and background materialthrough maps and graphs which address key aspects about Israel, the Arab-Israelconflict, and the peace process. This publication does not presume to address allissues, but does address many of them.
It is hoped that through the illustrations and data provided here, a better and morefactual understanding – of past events, the present reality, and future opportunitiesfor peace – may be achieved.
Jerusalem, 2006
CO
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5
ANCIENT MAPS
The Kingdoms of David and Solomon (1077–997 BCE) . 7
The Herodian Period (30 BCE to 70 CE) ............................. 8
Jews in the Land of Israel – (7th -11th Centuries) ............. 9
PRE-STATE MAPS
Setting the Southern Border (1906) ......................................... 10
Setting the Northern Border (1916 – 1923) .........................11
British Mandate ................................................................................ 12
Separation of Transjordan (1922) ............................................. 13
UN Partition Plan (1947) ............................................................. 14
ISRAEL’S CHANGING BORDERS
Armistice Lines (1949–1967) ..................................................... 15
The Frontier with Syria ................................................................ 16
Armistice Agreement with Jordan (1949) ............................. 17
Jewish Communities Lost in the War of Independence 18
Jerusalem Before the Six Day War (1949 – 1967) .......... 19
Events Leading to the Six Day War (1967)........................... 20
Israel After the Six Day War (June 10, 1967) .................... 21
Jerusalem After the Six Day War (1967) ............................. 22
Old City of Jerusalem ................................................................... 23
Yom Kippur War Cease-Fire Lines (October 24, 1973) 24
Golan Heights – Cease-Fire Lines (October 1973) .......... 25
Israel-Syria – Disengagement Agreement (May 1974) ..... 25
Interim Agreement with Egypt (1975) ................................... 26
Peace Treaty with Egypt and Sinai
Redeployment (1980 – 1982) ...................................... 26
Israel’s Disengagement Plan (2005) ............................................27
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
Israel and the Region ...................................................................... 28
Israel (within boundaries and cease-fire lines) ..................... 29
Jerusalem ............................................................................................ 30
Old City of Jerusalem ................................................................... 30
Judea and Samaria ......................................................................... 31
Golan Heights ....................................................................................32
TERROR MAPS
Major Terror Attacks – 1948–1967 ......................................... 33
1967–1993 ......................................... 36
1993–2000 ......................................... 39
2000–2005 ......................................... 41
Israel’s Security Fence vs. Terrorism ......................................... 50
CO
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THREATS & TOPOGRAPHY
Regional Threats to Israel ............................................................ 51
Samarian Highlands Cross Section .......................................... 52
Israel’s Narrow Waistline ............................................................ 53
Golan Heights Cross Section ...................................................... 54
Kassam and Katyusha Threat ...................................................... 55
SIZE COMPARISONS
Israel – Argentina ..............................................................................56
Israel – Australia ...............................................................................56
Israel – Canada ................................................................................ 57
Israel – China .................................................................................... 57
Israel – France .................................................................................. 58
Israel – Germany ...............................................................................58
Israel – India ...................................................................................... 59
Israel – Italy ........................................................................................59
Israel – Mexico ................................................................................. 60
Israel – Poland ................................................................................... 60
Israel – Russia .................................................................................... 61
Israel – Spain .....................................................................................61
Israel – United Kingdom ............................................................... 62
Israel – United States .........................................................................62
THE KINGDOMS OF
DAVID AND SOLOMON
(1077–997 BCE)
King David ruled Israel from 990 BCE to 968 BCE; and hisson Solomon ruled after himuntil 928 BCE. David enlargedhis kingdom and brought it tothe peak of political and militarypower. Solomon “ruled over allthe kingdoms west of theEuphrates River from Tiphsahto Gaza; he was at peace withall his neighbors” (I Kings,4:24).
Damascus
AmmanJerusalem
Gezer
Gaza
Beit Shean
Dan
Kingdoms of David and Solomon
Modern Israel (within boundariesand cease-fire lines)
Eztion Gaver 0
0 50 mi
50 km
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Mediterranean Sea
THE HERODIAN PERIOD
(30 BCE TO 70 CE)
King Herod, of Edomiteextraction, was king of Israelfrom 40 BCE to 4 BCE. He wasappointed by Rome andconquered the kingdom from theHasmoneans. When Augustusbecame the Roman Caesar inthe year 30 BCE, Herodconvinced him of his loyalty, andAugustus rewarded him byadding Jericho, the coastalregion south of Dor and theregion east of the Sea of Galilee.In 23 BCE, he was given theBashan, Horen, and Tarchonregions, and three years later, theGolan Heights.
Mediterranean Sea
Dora
Sebasti
Skitopolis
AbilaKanata
Tiberias
Philadelphia
Jerusalem
Ashkelon
Gaza
Kingdom of Herod
Modern Israel (within boundaries andceasefire lines)
0
0 50 mi
50 km
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JEWS IN THE
LAND OF ISRAEL
(7TH – 11TH CENTURIES)
After the death of Emperor JulianII, in 363 CE, most of the Jewishsettlements in the south weredestroyed. The Jews remainedmainly in the Galilee and in thelarger cities.
Modern Israel (within boundariesand cease-fire lines)
Tiberias
Tsipori
Iablin
Kfar Hananya
Kfar Mandi
Acre
Haifa
Hoseifa
Gush HalavBiriyah
Safed
Ein GanimCaesaria
Tyre Banyas
Dalton
Nablus
Udruch
Jarba
Lod
Ramla
Jaffa
Beit Guvrin
HebronAshkelon
Gaza
Rafiah
El Arish
Mediterranean Sea
Jericho
Jerusalem
Amman
Yavne
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40 km
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SETTING THE SOUTHERN
BORDER
(1906)
Lord Cromer, Britain's agent inEgypt,wanted to change the borderbetween the Ottoman Empire,which was under strong Germaninfluence, and Egypt, in order topush the Ottomans further awayfrom the Suez Canal. In 1892, theTurks agreed to allow Egyptianguard stations near the Gulf of Eilat;in 1905, Lord Cromer tried to movethe border. In April of 1906, theTurks were given an ultimatum – toset the border between Aqaba andRafah. They proposed acompromise (El Aris – RasMuhamed) but finally gave in toBritish pressure. The firm stand ofthe commander of the Turkish policestation at Um Rashrash (today, Eilat)changed the starting point of theborder from Aqaba to Taba, whichbecame the international borderbetween Israel and Egypt.
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Aqaba
Bir Gafgafa
El Arish
Suez
Rafiah
Kantara
Beer Sheba
A Tur
SharmEl-Sheik
Gulfof
Eilat
SuezCanal
Mediterranean Sea
Modern Israel(withinboundariesand cease-fire lines)
Turkish OrderBorder of 1861
Jennings Proposal
British-TurkishAgreement ofSpring 1906
1906 Border
25 mi
Kosema
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Acre
TiberiasHaifa
Nahariya
Banyas
Kuneitra
Metullah
Lebanon
Syria
French-British Agreement 1920
1923 Border
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Modern Israel (within boundariesand cease-fire lines)
0 10 km
0 10 mi
Sea ofGalilee
Safed
Mediterranean Sea
PR
E-STATE M
AP
SSETTING THE
NORTHERN BORDER
(1916 – 1923)
In May 1916, France and GreatBritain signed an agreementknown as the Sykes-PicotAgreement in which the claimsof both sides to the Levant wereset down, and areas ofadministration and influencewere determined. Until 1923,the sides were involved in hardbargaining, with the Britishinsisting on two principles:control of the area delineated inthe Bible, “from Dan to BeerSheba;” and control of Israel’swater sources, e.g., the JordanRiver and the Sea of Galilee.
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80 km
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Iraq
MediterraneanSea
Syria(French Mandate)
PR
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In 1920, the San Remo PeaceConference gave Great Britain themandate for the Land of Israel andTransjordan. In 1921, the Britishdecided to decrease the size of theJewish national home and to takeTransjordan away from it.In 1922,Churchill published the WhitePaper on this subject. Later thatyear, the League of Nationsapproved the changed mandate,which took effect in 1923. British Mandate
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SEPARATION OF
TRANSJORDAN
(1922)
PR
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AP
STransjordan
British Mandate
Egypt
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
Syria(French Mandate)Mediterranean
Sea
Area Separated and closed toJewish settlement, 1921
Area ceded to Syria, 1923
Area remaining for JewishNational Home
0
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80 km
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UN PARTITION PLAN
(1947)
In 1947, Great Britainrelinquished to the UN thepower to make decisions relatingto the status of the Land ofIsrael. The General Assemblyappointed a special committeethat collected evidence anddecided unanimously that Israelshould be granted independence.Most of the committee membersfavored partitioning the land intotwo states, a Jewish state and anArab state, with Jerusalem underinternational supervision. OnNovember 29, 1947, the UNGeneral Assembly accepted thepartition resolution, 33 to 13.
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ARMISTICE LINES
(1949 – 1967)
In the spring and summer of 1949, agreementswere signed between Israel and its neighborsestablishing Israel’s armistice lines. To someextent, these lines overlapped the borderline ofPalestine during the British Mandate period, orthey were close to it, with the exception of theJudea and Samaria region, and thesurrounding area of the Gaza Strip. These lineswere drawn up, on the assumption that theywould be temporary, and would be replacedwithin a few years by permanent borders.
Much of the international border betweenMandatory Palestine and Egypt became thearmistice line between Israel and Egypt. Thearmistice line with Lebanon was close to theinternational border that existed during theBritish Mandate period, and overlapped it.These two lines did not correspond to thebattle frontlines as they existed during thecessation of hostilities, and Israel withdrew inboth cases to the mandatory borderline, whichbecame the armistice line. The armistice lineswith Syria and Jordan closely corresponded tothe frontlines.
Mediterranean Sea
Jordan
Syria
Lebanon
Egypt
Jerusalem
Tel AvivJaffa
Haifa
Beer Sheba
Demilitarized Zone
No man’s Land
Syrian Occupied
Jordanian Occupied
Egyptian Occupied
Acquired by Jordan
Acquired by Israel
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40 mi
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THE FRONTIER
WITH SYRIA
Syria became independent in1946. When the State of Israelcame into being in 1948, Syriainvaded the new state,conquered the Banyas, theMishmar Hayarden triangle, theAlmagor triangle, the coast ofBetiha, and the eastern bank ofthe Jordan River. In thearmistice agreements of 1949,Syria agreed to withdraw itsarmy from these areas and toturn them into demilitarizedzones. In fact, Syria remained inthe strips of territory thatsecured its hold on the banks ofthe Jordan River and the Sea ofGalilee, and the Banyas. Later,Syria conquered Hamat Gaderand Nuqeib, north of Ein GevThese territories were underSyrian control until 1967 andfacilitated its unceasing attacksagainst Israel.
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ARMISTICE AGREEMENT
WITH JORDAN
(1949)
The armistice agreement with Jordan wassigned in Rhodes with the help of UNmediation on April 4, 1949. The agreementstates that this is a necessary step towardsreestablishing peace in the Land of Israel, andemphasizes that in no way is the armistice lineto be interpreted as a political or territorialborder, nor does it constitute interferencewith the rights, claims, or positions of any sidevis-à-vis the final settlement of the question ofthe Land of Israel. The agreement set theparameters for prisoner exchanges,demilitarized zones, no-man's land, andmonitoring arrangements. In the framework ofthe agreement, Israel was given land in theSharon and the Irone River areas, andsections of the Beit Shean Valley wereexchanged.
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
JaffaLatrun
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40 km
40 mi
No man’s land
Jordanian occupied
Area acquired by Jordan
Area acquired by Israel
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JEWISH COMMUNITIES
LOST IN THE WAR OF
INDEPENDENCE
During the War of Independence, a number of Jewish communitieswere captured, mostly by theJordanian army – Kibbutz Beit Ha-arava and Kalya north of theDead Sea, the four kibbutzim ofGush Etzion west of Bethlehem,Atarot and Neve Yaakov north ofJerusalem, and the JewishQuarter in the Old City ofJerusalem. Kfar Darom, nearGaza, was captured by theEgyptian army. In addition, whenthe War of Independence brokeout at the end of 1947, theremnant of the Jewish communityof Hebron fled.
Mediterranean Sea
Kfar Darom
Jerusalem, The Jewish Quarter
Hebron
Kfar EtzionEin TzurimMasuot Yitzhak
Revadim
Kalya
Beit Ha’aravaAtarot
Neve Ya’akov
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JERUSALEM BEFORE THE SIX
DAY WAR
(1949-1967)
At the end of the War of Independence,Jerusalem was divided between Israeland Jordan. Armistice lines weredetermined in November 1948 byMoshe Dayan, Commander of theJerusalem district, and Abdallah el-Tal,Legion Commander of the Jerusalemfront. Between the lines drawn up bythe two commanders, areas were leftthat were defined as no-man's-land. Thearea around Armon Hanatziv was usedas UN territory, and Mount Scopusbecame an Israeli enclave that containedthe Hebrew University, HadassahHospital and, officially, the village ofIssawiyya. This map was adopted inApril 1949 by the sides in an armisticeagreement signed in Rhodes. Thewesternmost point between the twoparts of the city was at the edge of theMusrara neighborhood, near the houseof the Mandelbaum family, and thus wascalled “Mandelbaum Gate.”
Israel-Jordan ArmisticeLine, 1949 - 1967
Old City
City Center
Talbieh
German Colony
Talpiot
Yad Vashem
Mt. Herzl
Beit Hakerem
Sanhedria
Knesset
Neutral Territory- UN controlled or no-man’s-land
Municipal Border, 1952
Eastern Jerusalem, 1949-1967
MeaShearim
Israeli area previous to Six Day War
Mt.Scopus
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1 mi
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EVENTS LEADING TO THE
SIX DAY WAR (1967)
The Six Day War was the first major Arab attemptsince 1948 to destroy Israel. In November 1966, anEgyptian-Syrian Defense Agreement was signed,encouraging the Syrians to escalate tensions, whichreached a climax in the spring of 1967. May 14: Egypt mobilized its forces in and around
the Suez Canal. May 16: Egypt moved it forces eastward across the
Sinai desert towards the Israeli border,demanding the withdrawal of UN EmergencyForce (UNEF) stationed along the frontier.
May 19:The Egyptians expelled the UNEmergency Force (UNEF) from the GazaStrip and Sinai, and continued pouring itsmilitary forces into these areas.
May 22: Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israelishipping, constituting a casus belli for Israel.
May 24-June 4: Answering the Egyptian call, thegovernments of Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia,Syria and Lebanon moved their forces towardthe Israeli border. Israel mobilized its reserveforces, and launched a diplomatic campaign towin international support for ending theEgyptian blockade of Israeli shipping throughthe Strait of Tiran.
Mediterranean Sea
Beer Sheba
Tel AvivJaffa
Haifa
Jerusalem
Syria
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Red Sea
SinaiPeninsula
Egypt
SuezCanal
Eilat
Samaria
Judea
GolanHeights
Gulfof
Suez
Gulfof
Eilat
Israeli territory before Six Day War
Gaza
0 40 km
40 mi0
Strait of Tiran
Egyptian blockade
May 19, 1967: UN forceswithdraw from Sinai according
to Egyptian demand.
Sharm elSheikh
Advance of
Syrian Army
Advance of Iraqi Army
Advance of Egyptian Army
Advance of
Saudi Arabian Army
Advance of
Jordanian Army
LebanonAdvance of
Lebanese Army
Abu Aweigila
El Arish
Kuntilla
Ras Al-Nagb
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ISRAEL AFTER THE
SIX DAY WAR
(JUNE 10, 1967)
Once it became clear that thediplomatic campaign had failed,and following Jordan’sparticipation in the Egyptian-Syrian alliance, Israel launchedaction in self-defense against themassing threat from Egypt onJune 5, 1967. Once Jordan andSyria initiated the fighting againstIsrael, the war also includedthose countries. In the course ofthe war, the Israeli forcesreached the Suez Canal, andcaptured the territories of Judeaand Samaria, as well as theGolan Heights – from which theSyrians had shelled Israel.
Mediterranean Sea
Beer Sheba
Tel AvivJaffa
Haifa
Jerusalem
Lebanon
Syria
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Red Sea
SinaiPeninsula
Egypt
SuezCanal
Eilat
Samaria
Judea
GolanHeights
Gulfof
Suez
Gulfof
Eilat
Israeli territorybefore Six Day War
Under Israeli controlafter Six Day War
Gaza
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NeveYaakov
RamatEshkol
Ramot
EastTalpiot
Gilo
Israel-Jordan ArmisticeLine, 1949 - 1967
Jerusalem MunicipalBoundary after Six Day War
Major Jewish suburbs sinceSix Day War
Old City
JewishQuarter
City Center
Talbieh
German Colony
Talpiot
Yad Vashem
Mt. Herzl
Beit Hakerem
Sanhedria
Knesset
MeaShearim
Mt.Scopus
FrenchHill
HarHoma
Malcha
PisgatZeev
Har Nof
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1 m00
Dome ofthe Rock
Al-AksaMosque
TempleMount
Damascus Gate
Jaffa Gate
Dung Gate
Zion Gate
Mount Zion
City of David
Golden Gate
Lion’s Gate
Herod’sGate
Dome ofthe Rock
Al-AMos
TempleMount
Herod’sGate
Al-AksaMosque
Dung Gat
City of Da
Damascus Gate
MoslemQuarter
JewishQuarter
ChristianQuarter
WesternWall
Church ofthe HolySepulchre
NewGate
0
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.5 km
.5 m
Cardo
Zion Gate
ArmenianQuarter
Citadel
Tower of David
Mt. ofOlives
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(1967)OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM
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A few days after the end of theSix Day War, on June 27, 1967,the Israeli Parliament passed alaw that Israeli administrationand jurisdiction apply to all theterritory of Jerusalem acquiredin the war. The following day,the Jerusalem municipalboundaries were extended toinclude eastern Jerusalem, aswell as Atarot and Neve Yaakovin the north, and Gilo in thesouth.
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YOM KIPPUR WARCEASE-FIRE LINES
(OCTOBER 24, 1973)
The Yom Kippur War began on October 6, 1973when the combined armies of Egypt and Syria attackedIsrael in the Suez Canal area and the Golan Heights.After a few days of hard fighting in which Egyptestablished itself on the eastern side of the Suez Canaland the Syrians captured most of the Golan Heights,the attack was halted and a counter-attack by IDFforces succeeded in pushing back some of the Egyptianforces, crossed the Canal and reached within 101kilometers of Cairo. On the Golan Heights, the Syrianforces were repulsed completely and IDF forcescaptured an enclave in the northern Heights deep inSyrian territory, as well as recapturing Mount Hermon.
A cease-fire agreement was signed by Israel and Egypton October 24, 1973. A separation-of- forcesagreement was signed on January 18, 1974 in whichthe sides agreed to observe the cease-fire, madearrangements for the reduction of forces andestablished a UN emergency force in the demilitarizedzone. Israeli forces withdrew to a distance of 20kilometers east of the Suez Canal, and the Egyptianarmy withdrew most of its forces to the west of theCanal.
MediterraneanSea
Beer Sheba
Tel AvivJaffa
Haifa
Jerusalem
Lebanon
Syria
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Red Sea
SinaiPeninsula
Egypt
Eilat
Samaria
Judea
Gulfof
Suez
Gulfof
Eilat
Under Israeli controlafter Six Day War
Gaza
GolanHeights
Held by Egyptian Army
Held by Israeli Army
Israeli territorybefore Six Day War
SuezCanal
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U.N. patrolled demilitarized zone
Previous forward line of IsraelDefense Forces
Rafid
Jubbata
Khan Erenbe
Jeba
Towns returned to Syria
Kafr Shams
Banyas
Safed
Tiberias
Sea ofGalilee
Kuneitra
Damascus
Under Israeli control after Six Day War
Mazraat Beit Jann
Syria
Lebanon
MediterraneanSea
Jordan
0 10 km
0 10 mi
Mt.Hermon
A disengagementagreement with Syriawas signed in Genevaon May 31, 1974, andincluded, inter alia, theestablishment of UNobservers in thedemilitarized zone,arrangements for aprisoner exchange, andIDF evacuation of theterritory it took in theYom Kippur War, aswell as the city ofKuneitra, which wascaptured in the Six DayWar.
Kafr Shams
Banyas
Syria
Lebanon
Jordan
MazraatBeit Jann
Sea ofGalilee
Safed
Tiberias
MediterraneanSea
Damascus
Kuneitra
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0 10 mi
Held by Israel Defense Forcesafter Yom Kippur War
Under Israeli control afterSix Day War
Israeli - Syrian border as agreedon in 1923
Mt.Hermon
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GOLAN HEIGHTS
CEASE-FIRE LINES
(OCTOBER 1973)
ISRAEL-SYRIA
DISENGAGEMENT AGREEMENT
(MAY 1974)
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September 1975 in addition to the 1974separation-of-forces agreement followingthe Yom Kippur War. The main points ofthe agreement were: Israeli withdrawal inSinai to the eastern ends of the Mitla andGidi Passes; creation of a UN-monitoredbuffer zone in the evacuated area; turningthe previous buffer zone into Egyptianterritory; Israeli withdrawal from the oilfields at Abu Rudeis and Ras Sudar. It wasalso agreed to open the Suez Canal toIsraeli non-military cargo ships and toestablish American early-warning stations inthe area of the passes. The agreement wasperceived as an important step towards ajust and sustainable peace.
The Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty was signedon March 26,1979, following the CampDavid Accords of September 18,1978,which determined a framework for a peacetreaty between both countries.Theframework also set a timetable forestablishing diplomatic relations andnormalization between Israel and Egypt,aswell as a timetable for IDF withdrawal fromthe line beginning east of El-Arish andextending to Ras Mohamed. The peacetreaty tied up loose threads and includedfurther Israeli withdrawal to theinternational border between the two states.
INTERIM AGREEMENT
WITH EGYPT
(1975)
PEACE TREATY WITH EGYPT
AND SINAI REDEPLOYMENT
(1980 – 1982)
26
ISRAEL’S DISENGAGEMENT PLAN (2005)
NORTHERN SAMARIA
Area A: Full Palestinian Control
Area C: Former Israeli Control
Former Israeli Community
Palestinian Community
Pre-1967 cease-fire-lines
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In August 2005, Israel disengaged from the Gaza Strip, and from foursettlements in northern Samaria. This action, initiated by PrimeMinister Sharon and endorsed by the Knesset, was an Israeli initiativedesigned to end the stalemate in the peace process after more thanfour years of terrorist bloodshed. Altogether 25 settlements wereremoved. This entailed a considerable sacrifice on the part of thenearly 9000 residents who had to leave their homes and livelihoodsthat they had built over the course of several decades. It alsodemonstrated Israel’s readiness to make major concessions for thesake of peace.
Following disengagement, the Gaza Strip is under Palestinianjurisdiction. This constitutes a practical test of the PalestinianAuthority’s intentions regarding peaceful coexistence. It couldcontribute to the renewal of peace talks and to the establishment of aPalestinian state alongside Israel as envisaged by the Roadmap,provided the Palestinians fulfill their obligations to end terrorism andincitement. However, the Hamas election victory in January 2006undermines this possibility.
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ISRAEL AND THE REGION
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ISRAEL (WITHIN
BOUNDARIES AND
CEASE-FIRE LINES)
Israel stands at the crossroads ofEurope, Asia and Africa.Geographically, it belongs to theAsian continent. Its westernborder is the Mediterranean Sea.To the north it is bound byLebanon and Syria, to the eastby Jordan and to the south bythe Red Sea and Egypt. Longand narrow in shape, Israel isabout 290 miles (470 km.) longand 85 miles (135 km.) across atits widest point. The total areaof the State of Israel is 22,145sq. km., of which 21,671 sq. km.is land area.
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JERUSALEM OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM
Jerusalem, thecapital of Israel, islocated in the heartof the country,nestled among theJudean Hills. Thecity's ancientstones, imbuedwith millennia ofhistory, and itsnumerous historicalsites, shrines andplaces of worshipattest to its meaningfor Jews,Christians andMuslims.
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Tel Aviv
Kfar Saba
Netanya
Hadera
Beit Shemesh
Area A: Full
Palestinian Control
Area B: Palestinian
Civil, Israeli
Military Control
Area C: Full
Israeli Control
Israeli
Community
Palestinian
Community
Pre-1967
cease-fire lines
Jerusalem
municipal
boundaries
Jerusalem
Kiryat Arba
Hebron
EfrataKfar Etzion
Bethlehem
Ma’ale Adumim
Jericho
Ramallah
Ofra
Shilo
Ariel
KalkilyaNablus
Elon Moreh
Tulkarm
Jenin
Beit El
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10 km
JUDEA AND SAMARIA
Based on agreements reached between Israel andthe Palestinians in the 90s, arrangements forPalestinian self-government were established. ThePalestinians rejected the proposals made at theCamp David Summit of July 2000, which wouldhave resulted in the establishment of a Palestinianstate in most of Judea and Samaria (as well as inthe Gaza Strip). The Palestinians followed theirrejection with a bloody terror campaign. Israel in2003 accepted the Roadmap which would lead tothe establishment of a Palestinian state alongsideIsrael, provided the Palestinians fulfill theirobligations to end terrorism and incitement. Thefinal status of Judea and Samaria - determining theborders between Israel and the Palestinian state,and those parts of Judea and Samaria which are tobe correspondingly under Israeli and Palestinianjurisdiction - is to be resolved.
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GOLAN HEIGHTS
The Golan Heights arestrategically important forseveral reasons:
(a) Israeli presence in the GolanHeights provides a defensibleborder against invasion byland;
(b) All of northern Israel is withinrange of direct artillery firefrom the Golan Heights;
(c) The Heights control the mainwater sources of the State ofIsrael.
The Golan Heights have beenunder Israeli law, jurisdication,and administration since 1981.
MAJOR TERROR ATTACKS
1948 – 1967
While the Palestinians claim that terrorism is a response to"occupation," the fact is that Palestinian terrorism predatesIsrael's presence in the territories. Numerous terroristattacks murdered and maimed Israeli civilians during thetwo decades before 1967 (and even before theestablishment of the State of Israel in 1948). Therefore,terrorism was and still is nothing less than a tool intendedto eventually bring about the destruction of Israel itself.
Jan 1, 1952 – Jerusalem: 7 armed terrorists attackedand killed a 19 year-old girl in her home in theneighborhood of Beit Yisrael.
June 9, 1953 – Lod and Hadera: Terrorists killed aresident of Lod, after throwing hand grenades andspraying gunfire in all directions. On the same night,another group of terrorists attacked a house inHadera.
June 11, 1953 – Kfar Hess: Terrorists attacked a youngcouple in their home and shot them to death.
Mar 17, 1954 – Maale Akrabim: Terrorists ambushed abus traveling from Eilat to Tel Aviv, opening fire atshort range. The terrorists boarded the bus, andshot each passenger, one by one, murdering 11.
Jerusalem
Tel AvivJaffa
Mediterranean Sea
Gonen
Galilee
Almagor
Mt. of the Beatitudes
Beit Netofa
Afula
Haifa
Netanya
MesilotHadera
Givat Chaim
Kfar Yona
Kfar HessNeve Hadasah
Lod
RamatRachel
Mitzpe Massua
Shafrir
Zavdiel
Ashkelon
Beit Govrin
Tel Lachish
Judean Desert
Kisufum
Patish
Nir Yitzhak
Masada
Maale AkrabimEin Ofarim
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Jan 2, 1955 – Judean Desert: 2 hikers killed byterrorists.
Mar 24, 1955 – Patish: 1 young woman killed and 18wounded when terrorists threw hand grenades andopened fire on a crowded wedding celebration.
Apr 7, 1956 – Ashkelon: 1 young woman killed whenterrorists threw 3 hand grenades into her house.
Apr 7, 1956 – Kibbutz Givat Chaim: 2 killed whenterrorists opened fire on a car.
Apr 11, 1956 – Shafrir (Kfar Chabad): 3 children and 1 youth worker killed, and 5 injured, whenterrorists opened fire on a synagogue full ofchildren and teenagers.
Sep 12, 1956 – Ein Ofarim: Terrorists killed 3 Druzeguards.
Sep 23, 1956 – Kibbutz Ramat Rachel: 4 archaeologistskilled and 16 wounded when terrorists opened firefrom a Jordanian position.
Oct 4, 1956 – Sdom: 5 Israeli workers killed.
Oct 9, 1956 – Neve Hadasah: 2 workers were killed inan orchard of the youth village.
Nov 8, 1956: Terrorists opened fire on a train, attackedcars and blew up wells in the north and center ofIsrael. 6 Israelis were wounded.
Feb 18, 1957: Nir Yitzhak: 2 civilians killed by terroristlandmines.
Apr 16, 1957 – Kibbutz Mesilot: 2 guards killed byterrorists who infiltrated from Jordan.
May 29, 1957 – Kibbutz Kisufim: 1 killed and 2wounded when their vehicle struck a landmine.
Aug 23, 1957 – Kibbutz Beit Govrin: 2 guards of theIsraeli Mekorot water company killed.
Feb 11, 1958 – Kfar Yona: Terrorists killed a residentof Moshav Yanov.
Apr 5, 1958 – Tel Lachish: Terrorists lying in ambushshot and killed 2 people.
May 26, 1958 – Jerusalem: 4 Israeli police officerskilled in a Jordanian attack on Mt. Scopus.
Nov 17, 1958 – Mt. of the Beatitudes: Syrian terroristskilled the wife of the British air attache in Israel,who was staying at the guesthouse of the ItalianConvent.
Dec 3, 1958-Kibbutz Gonen: A shepherd was killed and31 civilians were wounded in an artillery attack.
Feb 1, 1959 – Moshav Zavdiel: 3 civilians killed by aterrorist landmine.
Apr 27, 1959 – Masada: 2 hikers shot and killed at closerange.
Apr 26, 1960 – Ashkelon: Terrorists killed a resident ofthe city.
Jan 1, 1965: Palestinian terrorists attempted to bomb theNational Water Carrier – the first attack carriedout by the PLO's Fatah faction.
July 5, 1965 – Mitzpe Massua: A Fatah cell plantedexplosives near Beit Guvrin, and on the railroadtracks to Jerusalem near Kfar Battir.
May 16, 1966 – Northern Galilee region: 2 Israeliskilled when their jeep hit a terrorist landmine.Tracks led into Syria.
July13, 1966 – Almagor: 2 soldiers and 1 civilian killedwhen their truck struck a terrorist landmine.
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Jerusalem
Tel AvivJaffa
Mediterranean Sea
Misgav - Am
Ma’alot
Afula
Haifa
Netanya
Glilot junction
Lod
KiryatShemona
Avivim
MAJOR TERROR ATTACKS
1967 – 1993
July 22, 1968 – Rome, Italy: The Popular Front for theLiberation of Palestine (PFLP) carries out firsthijacking, diverting an El Al flight to Algiers. 32 Jewish passengers were held hostage for 5 weeks.
Sep 4, 1968 – Tel Aviv, Israel: 1 killed and 71 woundedby 3 bombs that exploded in city center.
Oct 1968 – Hijacking of El Al aircraft to Algeria.
Nov 22, 1968 – Jerusalem, Israel: 12 killed and 52injured by a car bomb in the Mahaneh Yehuda market.
Dec 26, 1968 – Athens, Greece: 1 killed and 1 wounded in a shooting attack on an El Al aircraft at the airport, carried out by the PFLP.
Feb 18, 1969 – Zurich, Switzerland: A pilot and 3passengers killed by terrorists that attacked an El Al Boeing 707 on the airport runway.
Feb 21, 1969 – Jerusalem, Israel: 2 killed and 20injured by a bomb detonated in a crowdedsupermarket. Numerous Palestinian terror attacks occurred outside Israel
Oct 22, 1969 – Haifa, Israel: 4 killed and 20 woundedby terrorist bombs in 5 apartments.
Feb 10, 1970 – Zurich, Switzerland: 1 killed and 11wounded by 3 Arab terrorists who unsuccessfullyattempted to hijack an El Al flight at Zurich airport.
May 22, 1970 – Avivim, Israel: Terrorists attackschoolbus, killing 12 (9 of whom were children),and wounding 24.
Sep 6, 1970 – Dawson Field, Jordan: 3 airlinersholding over 400 passengers were hijacked andtaken to the Jordanian airport by the PFLP. The hostages were released in exchange forterrorists held in Germany, Switzerland, andEngland.
May 8, 1972 – Lod airport, Israel: 1 passenger and 5Israeli soldiers killed during a rescue operation byIsraeli commandos on a hijacked Belgian airliner;the 4 Palestinian Black September terrorists werekilled. The hostages were freed.
May 30, 1972 – Lod airport, Israel: 26 killed and 78wounded after PFLP and Japanese Red Armyterrorists open fire in the passenger terminal.
Sep 5, 1972 – Munich, Germany: 11 members of theIsraeli Olympic wrestling team and 1 Germanpoliceman were massacred by Fatah terrorists after
an unsuccessful rescue attempt by West Germanauthorities.
Apr 11, 1974 – Kiryat Shemona, Israel: 18 killed, 8 ofwhom were children, by PFLP terrorists whodetonated their explosives during a failed rescueattempt by Israeli authorities.
May 15, 1974 – Maalot, Israel: 27 killed, 21 of whomwere children, and 78 wounded by PFLP terroristsin a school, after an unsuccessful rescue attempt.
Mar 5, 1975 – Tel Aviv, Israel: Terrorists take over theSavoy hotel;4 people are killed.
July 4, 1975 – Jerusalem, Israel: 14 killed and 80injured in Zion Square bombing attack, in whichthe bomb was hidden in a refrigerator.
June 27, 1976 – Entebbe, Uganda: An Air Franceairliner was hijacked by a joint German/PFLPterrorist group, which diverted the flight to Entebbeairport. About 258 passengers and crew wereheld hostage until all non-Israeli passengers werereleased. On July 4th, Israeli commandos flew toUganda and rescued the remaining hostages. Allterrorists were killed, as well as 3 passengers andoperation leader Lieutenant-Colonel YonatanNetanyahu.
Aug 11, 1976 – Istanbul, Turkey: 4 killed and 20
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wounded by PFLP and Japanese Red Armyterrorists in an attack at Istanbul airport.
Mar 11, 1978 – Glilot junction: 36 killed, and over 100injured, in a bus hijacking by a female-ledPalestinian terrorist gang.
Apr 7, 1980 – Kibbutz Misgav-Am, Israel: Terroristsattack children's house on the kibbutz, leaving 3dead, one of whom was a child.
June 3, 1982 – London, England: Abu Nidalorganization attempts to kill the Israeli ambassadorto London, Shlomo Argov, severely wounding him.
Oct 7, 1985: PLFP attacks the Achille Lauro ship enroute to Israel, murdering one of the passengers(an American citizen).
Sep 6, 1986 – Istanbul, Turkey: Abu Nidal organizationattacks the Neveh Shalom synagogue, killing 22people.
Nov 25, 1987 – Northern border, Israel (near KiryatShemona): 2 Palestinian terrorists cross into Israelfrom Lebanon on hang gliders, killing 6 Israelisoldiers and wounding 8.
Aug 21, 1988 – Haifa, Israel: 25 wounded in a grenadeattack at the Haifa mall.
July 6, 1989 – Tel Aviv, Israel: 14 killed when a terroriststeered a bus into a ravine off the Jerusalem-Tel Avivhighway.
MAJOR TERROR ATTACKS
(1993 – 2000)
Terrorist attacks reached a new intensity in the form ofsuicide bombings at the height of the peace process duringthe 90s, despite Israel’s willingness to make unprecedentedcompromises which would have resolved the conflict with the Palestinians.
Apr 6,1994 – Afula: 8 killed in a car-bomb attack on a bus.
Apr 13,1994 – Hadera: 5 killed in a suicide bombing ona bus at the central bus station.
Oct 9,1994 – Bir Nabala: Nahshon Waxman was kidnapped and taken to Bir Nabala,where he waskilled 5 days later by the terrorists during a rescueoperation. An officer from the rescue team wasalso killed.
Oct 19,1994 – Tel Aviv: 21 Israelis and 1 Dutchnational killed in a suicide bombing on the #5 bus.
Nov 11,1994 – Netzarim: 3 soldiers killed by a suicidebomber riding a bicycle.
Jan 22,1995 – Netanya: 18 soldiers and 1 civilian killedby two consecutive bombs at the Beit Lid junction.
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Apr 9,1995 – Kfar Darom: 7 Israelis and 1 Americankilled when an explosives-laden van collided with abus.
July 24,1995 – Ramat Gan: 6 killed in a suicide bombattack on a bus.
Aug 21,1995 – Jerusalem: 3 Israelis and 1 Americankilled in a suicide bomb attack on a bus. suicidebombing of bus #18 near the central bus station.
Feb 25, 1996 – Jerusalem: 26 killed in a suicidebombing of bus #18 near the central bus station.
Feb 25,1996 – Ashkelon: 1 Israeli killed by a suicidebomber at a hitchhiking post.
Mar 3,1996 – Jerusalem: 19 killed in a suicide bombingof bus #18 on Jaffa Road.
Mar 4,1996 – Tel Aviv: 13 killed when a suicidebomber detonated a 20-kg. (44 lb.) nail bomboutside Dizengoff Center.
Mar 13,1997 – Naharayim: 7 killed and 30 injured in ashooting attack by a Jordanian soldier at the "Islandof Peace".
Mar 21,1997 – Tel Aviv: 3 killed and 48 wounded by asuicide bomber on the terrace of a cafe.
Apr 10,1997 – Surif: The body of Staff Sgt. SharonEdri is found in the village near Hebron. Edri had
been kidnapped in Sep 1996 at a hitchhiking standin the center of the country and was shot.
Apr 25,1997 – Wadi Kelt: The bodies of two 23 year-old women were found in the nature reserve nearJerusalem. They were killed by a Bedouin residentof the area.
July 20,1997 – Rishon Lezion: A Palestinian attacked 2Israelis with an iron rod. One of the Israelis laterdied of his wounds.
July 30,1997 – Jerusalem: 16 killed and 178 woundedby two consecutive suicide bombings in theMahane Yehuda market.
Sep 4,1997 – Jerusalem: 5 killed and 181 wounded bythree suicide bombings on the Ben-Yehudapedestrian mall.
Nov 19,1997 – Jerusalem: 1 Israeli killed and 1wounded when terrorists fired at them from anambush in the Old City.
Aug 27,1998 – Tel Aviv: 14 injured by a bomb placedin a garbage dumpster.
Oct 29,1998 – Kfar Darom: 1 soldier killed when anexplosives-laden car collided with an army jeepescorting a bus with 40 elementary school students.
Nov 6,1998 – Jerusalem: 21 wounded by a car bombat the Mahane Yehuda market.
MAJOR TERROR ATTACKS
2000–2005
Over 1000 people were murdered and thousands injuredin attacks carried out by Palestinian terrorists since lateSeptember 2000. Due to Israel's anti-terrorist fence andoperations carried out by Israeli security forces, the num-ber of terrorist attacks and victims has significantlydecreased during the last year.
Nov 2, 2000 – Jerusalem: Two people were killed and10 injured by a car bomb explosion near theMahane Yehuda market. Islamic Jihad claimedresponsibility for the attack.
Nov 20, 2000 – Gush Katif: Two people were killedand 9 injured by a roadside bomb that explodedalongside a bus carrying children to school.
Nov 22, 2000 – Hadera: Two people were killed, and60 wounded when a powerful car bomb wasdetonated alongside a passing bus on the town'smain street.
Nov 28, 2000 – Kfar Saba: Two Israeli teenagers ontheir way to school were killed in a suicide terroristattack near the "Meeting Place of Peace" gas stationin Neve Yamin. The bomber, from the Hamasterror group, blew himself up in a gathering of
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students waiting at a bus stop. Four otherteenagers were wounded, one critically.
Jan 1, 2001 – Netanya: 60 people were injured whena car bomb exploded near a bus stop in theshopping district.
Feb 14, 2001 – Holon: Eight people were killed and25 injured when a bus driven by a Palestinianterrorist plowed into a group of soldiers andcivilians waiting at a bus stop.
Mar 4, 2001 – Netanya: Three people were killedand more than 60 injured in a suicide bombing inthe downtown area.
May 18, 2001 – Netanya: A Palestinian suicidebomber detonated himself outside a shoppingmall, killing five people and injuring over 100.Hamas claimed responsibility.
June 1, 2001 – Tel Aviv: 21 young people were killedand 120 wounded by a suicide bomber outsidethe Dolphinarium disco along the seafrontpromenade.
July 16, 2001 – Binyamina: Two Israeli soldiers werekilled and 11 people were wounded when asuicide terrorist attacked at a bus stop near thetrain station. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Aug 9, 2001 – Jerusalem: 15 people were killed(including 7 children) and 130 injured in a suicide
bombing at the Sbarro pizzeria on the corner ofKing George Street and Jaffa Road in the citycenter. Hamas and the Islamic Jihad claimedresponsibility for the attack.
Sept 9, 2001 – Nahariya: Three people were killedand 90 injured in a suicide bombing near theNahariya train station. The terrorist waited untilthe train arrived from Tel Aviv and people wereexiting the station, and then exploded the bombhe was carrying. Hamas claimed responsibility forthe attack.
Nov 29, 2001 – Hadera: Three people were killedand nine others wounded in a suicide bombing on Egged bus #823 en route from Nazareth toTel Aviv near the city of Hadera. Islamic Jihadand Fatah both claimed responsibility for theattack.
Dec 1, 2001 – Jerusalem: 11 people were killed and180 injured by two suicide bombers on BenYehuda Street's pedestrian mall. Hamas claimedresponsibility for the attack.
Dec 2, 2001 – Haifa: 15 people were killed and 40injured in a suicide bombing on Egged bus #16.Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
Jan 27, 2002 – Jerusalem: An elderly man was killedand over 150 people wounded in a suicidebombing on Jaffa Road in the center of
Jerusalem. A female terrorist, identified as a Fatahmember, was armed with more than 10 kilos ofexplosives.
Feb 16, 2002 – Karnei Shomron: Three teenagerswere killed and 30 people were wounded when asuicide bomber blew himself up on Saturday nightat a pizzeria in a shopping mall. The Popular Frontfor the Liberation of Palestine claimed responsibilityfor the attack.
Mar 2, 2002 – Jerusalem: 10 people were killed andover 50 injured in a suicide bombing in the ultra-Orthodox Beit Yisrael neighborhood where peoplehad gathered for a bar-mitzvah celebration. TheFatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade took responsibilityfor the attack.
Mar 9, 2002 – Jerusalem: 11 people were killed and54 injured when a suicide bomber exploded in thecrowded Moment Café in the Rehavia neighbor-hood. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
Mar 20, 2002 – Musmus: Seven people were killed and30 wounded in a suicide bombing of an Egged bustraveling from Tel Aviv to Nazareth at the Musmusjunction on Highway 65 (Wadi Ara). Islamic Jihadclaimed responsibility for the attack.
Mar 21, 2002 – Jerusalem: Three people were killedand 86 injured in a suicide bombing on KingGeorge Street. The terrorist detonated the bomb,
packed with metal spikes and nails, in the center ofa crowd of shoppers. The Fatah al-Aqsa Brigadesclaimed responsibility for the attack.
Mar 27, 2002 – Netanya: 30 people were killed and140 injured in a suicide bombing at the Park Hotel,in the midst of the Passover holiday seder with 250guests. The bomber was a member of Hamas andon the list of wanted terrorists Israel had requestedthat the Palestinian Authority arrest.
Mar 29, 2002 – Jerusalem: Two people were killedand 28 injured when a female suicide bomberblew herself up in a supermarket in the Kiryat Yovel neighborhood. Fatah Al-Aqsa MartyrsBrigades claimed responsibility for the attack.
Mar 31, 2002 – Haifa: 15 people were killed and over40 injured in a suicide bombing in the Matza restaurant near the Grand Canyon shoppingmall. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
Apr 10, 2002 – Kibbutz Yagur: Eight people were killedand 22 injured in a suicide bombing on Egged bus#960 en route from Haifa to Jerusalem.
Apr 12, 2002 – Jerusalem: Six people were killed and104 wounded when a woman suicide bomberdetonated a powerful charge at the entrance to theMahane Yehuda open-air market. The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility for theattack.
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Apr 27, 2002 – Adora: A five-year-old girl and threeother Israelis were killed when terrorists infiltratedthe community of Adora in the southern Hebronhills and shot them to death.
May 7, 2002 – Rishon Lezion: 16 people were killedand 55 wounded on the 3rd floor of a crowdedgame club when a suicide bomber detonated apowerful charge causing part of the building tocollapse. Hamas claimed responsibility for theattack.
May 19, 2002 – Netanya: Three people were killedand 59 injured when a suicide bomber disguised asa soldier blew himself up in a market. Both Hamasand the PFLP took responsibility for the attack.
May 23, 2002 – Tel Aviv: Terrorists used a remotecontrol device to detonate a bomb plantedunderneath a fuel truck at the Pi Glilot fuel depotnorth of Tel Aviv, in an attempt to create a mega- attack that would explode adjacent fueltanks. The truck burst into flames, but the blazewas quickly contained. No one was hurt.
May 27, 2002 – Petah Tikva: A woman and her infantgranddaughter were killed and 37 people wereinjured when a suicide bomber detonated himselfnear an ice cream parlor outside a shopping mall.The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimedresponsibility for the attack.
June 5, 2002 – Megiddo junction: 17 people werekilled and 38 injured when a car packed withexplosives struck Egged bus #830 traveling fromTel Aviv to Tiberias. Islamic Jihad claimedresponsibility for the attack.
June 18, 2002 – Jerusalem: 19 people were killed and74 injured in a suicide bombing on an Egged bustraveling in the Gilo suburb of Jerusalem to thecenter of town. Hamas claimed responsibility forthe attack.
June 19, 2002 – Jerusalem: Seven people were killed and 30 injured by a suicide bombing at acrowded bus stop and hitchhiking post in theFrench Hill neighborhood. The Fatah Al-AqsaMartyrs Brigades claimed responsibility for theattack.
July 16, 2002 – Emmanuel: Nine people were killedand 20 injured in a bombing and shooting attack on Dan bus #189 traveling from Bnei Brak. Whilefour terror organizations claimed responsibility for the attack, it was apparently carried out byHamas.
July 17, 2002 – Tel Aviv: Five people were killed and 40 injured in a double suicide bombing onNeve Shaanan Street near the old central busstation.
July 31, 2002 – Jerusalem: Five students were killedand 85 wounded when a bomb exploded in acafeteria on the Hebrew University's Mt. Scopuscampus. Hamas claimed responsibility for theattack.
Aug 4, 2002 – Meron Junction: Nine people werekilled and 50 wounded in a suicide bombing onan Egged bus traveling from Haifa to Safed.
Sep 19, 2002 – Tel Aviv: Six people were killed and70 wounded when a terrorist detonated a bombon Dan bus #4 on Allenby Street.
Oct 21, 2002 – Hadera: 14 people were killed and 50wounded when a car bomb detonated next to anEgged bus traveling north of the town on Route65. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for theattack.
Oct 27, 2002 – Ariel: Three IDF officers were killedand about 20 people were wounded in a suicidebombing at the Sonol gas station at the entranceto the city. The victims were killed while trying toprevent the terrorist from detonating the bomb.The terrorist was a member of Hamas.
Nov 4, 2002 – Kfar Saba: Two people: – a securityguard and a teenage boy, both recent immigrantsfrom Argentina – were killed and 70 werewounded in a suicide bombing at a shopping
mall. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for theattack.
Nov 10, 2002 – Metzer: A Palestinian terrorist slippedinto the kibbutz and gunned down five people,including two children killed in their beds as theyhid under the blankets and their mother. TheFatah al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimedresponsibility.
Nov 21, 2002 – Jerusalem: 11 people were killed and50 wounded by a suicide bomber on Egged bus#20 in the neighborhood of Kiryat Menahem.Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
Nov. 28, 2002 – Mombasa, Kenya: A car bombcrashed into an Israeli-owned resort anddetonated as guests were checking in. ThreeIsraelis were among the 13 killed, and 21 Israeliswere among the 80 injured. Almostsimultaneously, a surface-to-air missile barelymissed an El Al plane as it was taking off from theairport. Al-Qaeda is believed to be responsible forthe double attack.
Jan 5, 2003 – Tel Aviv: 22 people were killed and120 wounded in a double suicide bombing nearthe old central bus station. The attack wasapparently carried out by two members of theFatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, with the help ofthe Islamic Jihad.
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Mar 5, 2003 – Haifa: 17 people were killed and 53wounded in a suicide bombing of an Egged busin the Carmel neighborhood. Hamas claimedresponsibility for the att ack.
Apr 30, 2003 – Tel Aviv: Three people were killedand 60 wounded by a British Muslim suicidebomber, sent by Hamas, at a beachfront pub"Mike's Place."
May 17, 2003 – Hebron: A married couple fromKiryat Arba was killed by a terrorist. Hamasclaimed responsibility for the attack.
May 18, 2003 – Jerusalem: Seven people were killedand 20 wounded in a suicide bombing on Eggedbus #6 near French Hill. Hamas claimedresponsibility for the attack.
May 19, 2003 – Afula: Three people were killed and70 wounded in a suicide bombing at the entranceto a shopping mall. Islamic Jihad and Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility forthe attack.
June 11, 2003 – Jerusalem: 17 people were killedand over 100 wounded in a suicide bombing onan Egged bus on Jaffa Road in the city center.Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
Aug 19, 2003 – Jerusalem: 23 people were killed andover 130 wounded when a suicide bomber
detonated himself on Egged bus #2 in theShmuel Hanavi neighborhood. Hamas claimedresponsibility for the attack.
Sep 9, 2003 – Tzrifin: Eight IDF soldiers were killedand 30 people wounded in a suicide bombing ata soldier hitchhiking post outside the Tzrifin armybase and Assaf Harofeh Hospital. Hamas claimedresponsibility for the attack.
Sep 9, 2003 – Jerusalem: Seven people were killedand over 50 wounded in a suicide bombing at Café Hillel, in the German Colonyneighborhood.
Oct 4, 2003 – Haifa: 22 people were killed and 60wounded in a devastating suicide bombing of theMaxim restaurant. Islamic Jihad claimedresponsibility for the attack.
Dec 25, 2003 – Geha Junction: Four Israelis werekilled and 15 others were injured, when a suicidebomber detonated himself at a bus stop at anintersection of a main highway separating BneiBrak and Petach Tikva. The Popular Front for theLiberation of Palestine claimed responsibility.
Jan 14, 2004 – Erez Crossing, Gaza: A femalesuicide bomber detonated herself at an inspectionpoint at the entrance to the Erez industrial zone,killing 4 Israeli security personnel and injuring
several others. Hamas and Fatah claimed jointresponsibility for the attack.
Jan 29, 2004 – Jerusalem: Eleven people were killedand over 40 were wounded when a suicidebomber blew up on a #19 bus on Gaza Road.The bomber was a Palestinian policeman fromBethlehem. Both Hamas and the Fatah Al-AqsaMartyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Feb 22, 2004 – Jerusalem: 8 people were killed andover 60 wounded (among the casualties were anumber of school pupils) in a suicide bombing on bus #14A near the Liberty Bell Park. The FatahAl-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Feb 26, 2004 – Erez Crossing, Gaza: A soldier waskilled and two were wounded when twoPalestinian terrorists opened fire. The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Feb 27, 2004 – Lahav: A young couple was killed in a shooting attack on the road on their way toAshkelon. The PFLP and the Fatah Al-AqsaMartyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Mar 14, 2004 – Ashdod: 10 people were killed and 16 wounded in a double suicide bombing atAshdod Port. Hamas and Fatah claimedresponsibility.
Mar 19, 2004 – Jerusalem: A Christian Arab was shotto death from a vehicle while jogging in theneighborhood of French Hill. The Fatah Al-AqsaMartyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Apr 3, 2004 – Avnei Hefetz: A man was shot to deathand his 14 year old daughter was wounded in anattack on their home. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Apr 17, 2004 – Erez Crossing, Gaza: A borderpoliceman was killed and three others woundedwhen a Palestinian suicide bomber blew himselfup. Hamas and the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigadeclaimed responsibility.
May 2, 2004 – Gush Katif: A mother and her fouryoung daughters were killed, and another civilianand two soldiers were wounded, when twoPalestinian terrorists opened fire on a car. Fatahand Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
June 28, 2004 – Sderot: A man and a 4 year old boywere killed, and 7 others were wounded(including the boy’s mother) during a Kassamrocket attack on Sderot. Hamas claimedresponsibility.
July 11, 2004 – Tel Aviv: A young woman was killedand 33 people were wounded in a bombing at abus stop. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimedresponsibility.
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Aug 31, 2004 – Beer Sheba: Sixteen people were killedand 100 wounded in two nearly simultaneoussuicide bombings aboard two city buses. Hamas inHebron claimed responsibility.
Sep 22, 2004 – Jerusalem: 2 Border Policemen werekilled and 17 Israelis wounded in a suicidebombing carried out by a female terrorist at theFrench Hill junction in northern Jerusalem. TheFatah al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimedresponsibility.
Sep 24, 2004 – Gush Katif: A woman was killed in herhome during a mortar attack launched by terrorists.
Sep 29, 2004 – Sderot: 2 toddlers were killed, whileplaying in the street, by a Kassam rocket fired fromGaza. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Oct 7, 2004 – Sinai: 32 people were killed, 12 of themIsraelis, and over 120 were wounded duringsimultaneous terror bombings carried out at twoSinai holiday resorts.
Nov 1, 2004 – Tel Aviv: 3 people were killed and over30 wounded in a suicide bombing at the CarmelMarket in central Tel Aviv. The Popular Front forthe Liberation of Palestine in Nablus claimedresponsibility.
Jan 13, 2005 – Karni Crossing, Gaza: Palestinian
terrorists opened fire at Israeli civilians, killing 6and wounding 5. Hamas and the Fatah al-AqsaMartyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.
Jan 15, 2005 – Sderot: A 17 year old girl was mortallywounded by shrapnel from a Kassem rocket anddied several days later. She was struck whileprotecting her younger brother, who was lightlywounded.
Feb 25, 2005 – Tel Aviv: 5 people were killed and 50wounded when a suicide bomber blew himselfup outside the Stage Club on the Tel Avivpromenade. The Islamic Jihad claimedresponsibility for the attack.
July 12, 2005 – Netanya: 3 people were killed andabout 90 people were wounded when a suicidebomber struck at the Hasharon shopping mall.Two other people later succumbed to theirwounds. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
July 14, 2005 – Netiv Ha’asara: A woman was killedby a Kassem rocket fired from the Gaza Strip.Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah all claimedresponsibility.
July 23, 2005 – Kissufim Crossing: A married couplewas killed in a terrorist attack. Islamic Jihad andthe Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimedresponsibility.
Oct 16, 2005 – Gush Etzion Junction, south ofJerusalem: 3 people were killed and three werewounded in a Palestinian shooting attack. Ateenager was shot and seriously wounded furthernorth. The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigadesclaimed responsibility.
Oct 26, 2005 – Hadera: 5 people were killed and 55were wounded, six seriously (one person laterdied of her wounds) in a suicide bombing at theHadera open-air market. Islamic Jihad claimedresponsibility.
Dec 5, 2005 – Netanya: 5 people were killed and over50 were wounded in a suicide bombing at theentrance to the Hasharon shopping mall. IslamicJihad claimed responsibility.
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ISRAEL’S SECURITY FENCE
VS. TERRORISM
Israel’s construction of the anti-terrorist security fence wasundertaken due to the PalestinianAuthority’s failure to fight terrorism.The fence is a defensive, temporary,and passive measure againstterrorism: in those areas where thefence has already been completed,terrorism has dropped dramatically.About 97% of the fence consists of achain-link early warning systemagainst terrorist infiltrations: less than3% of the fence consists of aconcrete barrier. In keeping with therulings of Israel’s Supreme Court, inorder to avoid causing unnecessaryhardship to Palestinian civilians whiledefending the lives of Israeli civilians,Jew and Arab alike, Israel’sgovernment decided on February 20, 2005 on the currentplanned route of the fence.
TER
RO
R M
AP
S
REGIONAL THREATS
TO ISRAEL
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
Jordan
Syria
Egypt
TABUG
H3 AIRBASE (The threats from Iraqexisted until the U.S. led operationagainst Saddam Hussein’s regime).
FIGHTER PLANE: 15 min to Eilat
FIGHTER PLANE: 30 min to Haifa
0
0 300 mi
300 km
Iran
SCUD: 6 min to Tel Aviv
SCUD: Can reach all
parts of Israel in 1 min
P. A.
Lebanon
Israel
SHIHAB-3:
10 min to
Israel
THR
EATS &
TOP
OG
RA
PH
Y
51
52
THR
EATS
& T
OP
OG
RA
PH
Y
Sea of Galilee
Jordan
Nablus
Herziliya
Tel Aviv
Jerusalem
Kalkilya
1000 m
500
200
JordanRiver
Nablus
KalkilyaHerzliya
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 km
Jordan - Israel armistice line 1949-1967
radar coverage from the coastal area radar coverage from mountain ridge near Nablus
Jordan
Mt. Eval: 940 m
Mt. Eval
cross section
SAMARIAN HIGHLANDS
CROSS SECTION
ISRAEL’S NARROW
WAISTLINE
Between the years 1949 and1967, the Kingdom of Jordanruled the Judea/Samariahighlands. Israel’s ‘waistline’ inthe Sharon region was extremelynarrow, totaling a mere 15 km.(9 mi.) in the area of Tulkarmand Netanya. These werecease-fire lines rather thanpermanent borders, and wereconsidered to be indefensible,especially in light of the area’stopography, which left Israel inthe plains while the Arab armiescontrolled the dominating highground. The Israeli ForeignMinister at that time, AbbaEban, used to describe theselines as ‘Auschwitz boundaries’,in order to illustrate the dangersinherent in their continued use.
THR
EATS &
TOP
OG
RA
PH
Y
53
54
THR
EATS
& T
OP
OG
RA
PH
Y GOLAN HEIGHTS CROSS
SECTION
The Golan Heights arestrategically important for severalreasons: (a) Israeli presence in the Golan
Heights provides adefensible border againstinvasion by land;
(b) All of northern Israel iswithin range of directartillery fire from the GolanHeights;
(c) The Heights control themain water sources of theState of Israel.
Sea ofGalilee Syria
Jordan
Tiberias
Safed
Golan Heights
cross section
Golan Heights
Upper Syrian Base
Sea of Galilee
sea level
0 10 20 30 40 50 km
Tiberias- 212 m:
Lower Galilee
KASSAM AND KATYUSHA
THREAT
Israel is the only country in the world thatlives under the shadow of an ongoingand publicly declared threat against itsvery existence – a threat which haswarranted almost no internationalattention or reaction. The threat againstIsrael emanating from Iran comes inaddition to Israel’s vulnerability to short-range artillery rockets, which have struckits territory in the past and continue to doso in the present. During the 70s-90s,Kiryat Shmona and other localities innorthern Israel faced numerous Katyusharocket attacks. The most tangible threatsstem from the Katyusha rockets launchedby terrorist groups from within Lebanon(Hizbullah and various Palestinianfactions) capable of striking throughoutnorthern Israel, and the Kassam rocketswhich are currently limited to the GazaStrip and have a range of about 9kilometers. Palestinian acquisition ofKatyusha rockets would threaten Israel’sentire population.
Sderot
THR
EATS &
TOP
OG
RA
PH
Y
55
56
SIZ
E C
OM
PAR
ISO
NS
ISRAEL – ARGENTINA ISRAEL – AUSTRALIA
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
ISRAEL – CANADA ISRAEL – CHINA
SIZE SIZ
E CO
MPA
RISO
NS
57
58
SIZ
E C
OM
PAR
ISO
NS
ISRAEL – FRANCE ISRAEL – GERMANY
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
ISRAEL – INDIA ISRAEL – ITALY
SIZE C
OM
PAR
ISON
S
59
60
ISRAEL – MEXICO ISRAEL – POLAND
SIZ
E C
OM
PAR
ISO
NS
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
ISRAEL – RUSSIA ISRAEL – SPAIN
SIZE C
OM
PAR
ISON
S
61
SIZ
E C
OM
PAR
ISO
NS
62
ISRAEL – UNITED KINGDOM ISRAEL – UNITED STATES
The area of Israel (land area) in the maps includes the Golan Heights and Jerusalem
