Isolation TechniquesIsolation Techniques

Fundamentals of NursingB20

Fundamentals of NursingB20

IsolationIsolation

• Special measures are needed to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, such as measles and tuberculosis. throughout a health care institution. In 1996 the CDC published revised guidelines for isolation.

• Special measures are needed to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, such as measles and tuberculosis. throughout a health care institution. In 1996 the CDC published revised guidelines for isolation.

CDC’s 2 Tiered SystemCDC’s 2 Tiered System

• Tier 1 Standard Precautions• Standard precautions are used when

caring for all clients in any setting regardless of medical diagnosis

• Includes hand washing in all situations and the use of gloves, masks, eye protection, or gowns as needed.

• Tier 1 Standard Precautions• Standard precautions are used when

caring for all clients in any setting regardless of medical diagnosis

• Includes hand washing in all situations and the use of gloves, masks, eye protection, or gowns as needed.

Standard Precautions (continued)

Standard Precautions (continued)

• Personal Protective Equipment including gloves, mask, gown, and eye protection are worn when there is risk of coming in contact with the following:• Blood• All body fluids, secretions, and excretins• Non-intact skin• Mucous membranes

• Personal Protective Equipment including gloves, mask, gown, and eye protection are worn when there is risk of coming in contact with the following:• Blood• All body fluids, secretions, and excretins• Non-intact skin• Mucous membranes

Tier II- Transmission Categories

Tier II- Transmission Categories

• Airborne Precautions-• Droplets < 5 micrometers

• i.e.- chicken pox, measles, pulmonary or laryngeal TB• Private room, negative flow rooms, mask or respiratory protection

• Droplet Precautions• Droplets > 5 micrometers

• I.e. diptheria, streptoccal pharyngitis, petussis, mumps• Private room or clients w/ like diseases, mask

• Contact Precautions • Direct client or environmental contact

• Can be colonization or infection w/ MRSA, RSV, enteric pathogens such as shigella and clostridium difficle

• Private room or clients w/ like diseases, gloves, gown

• Airborne Precautions-• Droplets < 5 micrometers

• i.e.- chicken pox, measles, pulmonary or laryngeal TB• Private room, negative flow rooms, mask or respiratory protection

• Droplet Precautions• Droplets > 5 micrometers

• I.e. diptheria, streptoccal pharyngitis, petussis, mumps• Private room or clients w/ like diseases, mask

• Contact Precautions • Direct client or environmental contact

• Can be colonization or infection w/ MRSA, RSV, enteric pathogens such as shigella and clostridium difficle

• Private room or clients w/ like diseases, gloves, gown

Psychological Implications of Isolation

Psychological Implications of Isolation

• Body image Disturbance• Interventions:

• Teach client and family how to prevent the spread of disease

• Provide sensory stimuli• Deliberately plan time to see the

client

• Body image Disturbance• Interventions:

• Teach client and family how to prevent the spread of disease

• Provide sensory stimuli• Deliberately plan time to see the

client

Protective EnvironmentProtective Environment

• Private room is ideal• May be able to room together if same

microorganism is infecting• If possible avoid taking any reuseable

article or equipment• Use disposable items when possible

• Private room is ideal• May be able to room together if same

microorganism is infecting• If possible avoid taking any reuseable

article or equipment• Use disposable items when possible

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

• Gowns• Use to prevent soiling of clothes during client

contact• Masks

• Used to protect nurse from organisms in client’s respiratory tract

• Masks should fit snugly over mouth/ nose• A mask that becomes moistened is ineffective• Change q 1 hour• Client wears mask when leaving room for procedure

• Gloves• Cuffs pulled over gown when worn together

• Eye Protection

• Gowns• Use to prevent soiling of clothes during client

contact• Masks

• Used to protect nurse from organisms in client’s respiratory tract

• Masks should fit snugly over mouth/ nose• A mask that becomes moistened is ineffective• Change q 1 hour• Client wears mask when leaving room for procedure

• Gloves• Cuffs pulled over gown when worn together

• Eye Protection

Delivering Care in an Isolation Room

Delivering Care in an Isolation Room

• Medication Administration• Use precautions to prevent cross-

contamination if all equipment used cannot remain in room• Blood Pressure Cuff• Stethoscope• Watch• Specimen Collection• Removing protective clothing• Transporting clients

• Medication Administration• Use precautions to prevent cross-

contamination if all equipment used cannot remain in room• Blood Pressure Cuff• Stethoscope• Watch• Specimen Collection• Removing protective clothing• Transporting clients

Role of the Infection Control Nurse

Role of the Infection Control Nurse

• A nurse specially trained in the control and prevention of infection (pg. 801)

• Responsibilities include:• Advising hospital personnel in infection

control matters• Monitoring hospital infections/ isolations• Staff education• Writing and reviewing policies/

procedures

• A nurse specially trained in the control and prevention of infection (pg. 801)

• Responsibilities include:• Advising hospital personnel in infection

control matters• Monitoring hospital infections/ isolations• Staff education• Writing and reviewing policies/

procedures