isolation
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Transcript of isolation
The separation of a person
with infectious disease
from contact with other
human beings for the
period of communicability
Of all the links in the chain of infection, the
mode of transmission is the easiest to break
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Contact Precautions
Causative agents of diseases under
airborne precaution are less than 5
μm, thus can be carried away by air
currents
• Measles
• Tuberculosis (Pulmonary/Laryngeal)
• Varicella
• Single room with negative
air pressure
• 6-12 air exchanges per
hour
• Room door closed
Testing Negative Pressure
•Automatic pressure monitors
The smoke tube
Applay Standard Precautions
N95 respirator
will be used as PPE
Limit patient movement
the patient should wear
a surgical mask
outside the isolation
room
SEAL CHECK
• Every time you wear the
95 mask ,you should make
Sure that it is well sealed over
Your face featueres
Sealed testing
Respiratory Protection
• N95 respirator
Airborne Precautions
TUBERCULOSIS
• Laryngeal/Pulmonary TB with positive smear sputum sample for acid fast bacilli is transmitted by airborne.
• After 2 weeks from starting effective treatment, 3 sputum samples (with 8 hours in between & at least one morning sample) should be negative to discontinue the isolation.
MERS CoV
• Suspected or confirmed cases of MERS-COV will be under AIRBORNE and CONTACT PRECAUTION.
• For positive cases we can discontinue isolation 48hrs after S/S disappearance with at least one negative lab result.
Causative agents of diseases under droplet
precaution are greater than 5 μm. They can
travel up to 3 feet (1 meter) before
falling to the ground
• Haemophilus influenzae type B
disease, including meningitis,
pneumonia, epiglottis and sepsis
• Streptococcal (group A)
pharyngitis, scarlet fever in
infants and young children
• Influenza, Mumps
Patient placement
•Private room
•Cohort nursing
•Maintain special separation of at least 3 feet (1 meter) in between
Protection for HCW
• Standard precautions• Surgical mask if working within 3 feet of the patient
Patient Transport
• Limit movement• Mask the patient with
surgical mask
Use In addition to standard precaution,
for patients known or suspected to have
serious illness transmitted through
contact
Direct Contact
Transmission
In-Direct Contact
Transmission
• Multi-drug resistant
microorganisms (MDRO’s), VRE,
MRSA, ESBL, B.cepacia
• RSV infection in infants, young
childrena nd immunocompromised
patients
• Clostridium defficile
enterocolitis
Patient placement
• Private room
• Cohort nursing
Protection for HCW
• Handwashing
• Gloves
• Gown
Patient Transport
• Limit movement
MDRO
• All Colonization/Infection patients with MDRO should be under Contact Isolation.
• Isolation can be discontinued after receiving 3 negative lab result 48hrs after antimicrobial discontinuation.
• The risk of infection transmission may
be highest before a definitive
diagnosis can be reached
• Therefore, patients with certain
clinical syndromes should be isolated
empirically until we have a definitive
diagnosis.
Example
Patient with chronic cough more than 2 weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweat.
The patient should be under empiric airborne Isolation until sputum sample AFB lab result is received
If positive continu isolation. If 3 negative ,
D/C isolation
PROTECTIVE ISOLATION
• It is implemented for immunocompromised patient.
• Patient is placed in positive pressure room. With HEPA-FILTER for air supply.
• Sick people are not allowed to visit the patient.
• Pets and plants are also not allowed.
•CARD