Islamic Studies

Moderated by:

Dziauddin b. Sharif

B.Sh (Shariah & Economics) UM,

M.Sh (Islamic Economics) UM.Room: 2009, 2nd floor, CADP.

Assignment• Title

• Freedom but specific, detail and must focus on the certain area or field.

– E.g.: “Zakat” is not specific, but zakat of trade or zakat fitrah or zakat of gold are considered specific.

• Attracting, interesting and relating the current issues.– E.g.: “Using bomoh and pawang in treatment”. How does

Islam view this?• Topics related to the history are not encourage when

its just a fact.– E.g.: The life story of Ibn Sina – is not encourage but “The

contribution of Ibn Sina in medical field.” – is possible.• Topics which are related to the Muslims’ challenges

nowadays are most encourage.– E.g.: Terrorism: The best way to solve it.

Topics• Islam and Its Fundamentals• Concept of Vicegerency in Islam• Islamic Civilization• Islamic Political System• Entertainment in Islam• Epistemology and Axiology in Islam• Mazhab in Islam• System of Marriage in Islam• Current issues

Chapter 1: Islam and Its Fundamentals

• The meaning of religion– referring to the faith/belief of someone– express the eternal questions of life, death and

next world– forces man to think deeply in the vast creation

of the world– function: develop mind, civilization,nation and

countries

Revealed and Non revealed

• Revealed– based on the concept of the Unity of God– believes in the prophet– main sources of guidance are heavenly scriptures.– Were born in the middle-east– appeared in regions which have historically under

the influence of the Semitic race– missionary religions

Revealed and Non revealed

• Non-revealed– are not based on the concept of the Unity of

God– no prophet– do not regard heavenly scriptures– were born outside the middle-east– outside the Semitic area– not missionary

Al-Deen

Aqidah/Tauhid

-Ibadat-Muamalat

-Jinayat-Munakahat

Syariah Akhlak/Moral

-Six articles of faith

-The pillar of Islam

-Behavior-Thinking

-The process of judgment

The process of al-fiqh

Undisputed sourcesAl-QuranAl-Sunnah

Agreed by majorityIjma’Qiyas

Definition of al-Deen

• It is not correct the word al-deen as religion or faith

• it is a system that governs the whole aspect of mankind

• technically means : belief in the omnipresence & omnipotence of God

• being a state of submission as a result of the need to require something from someone who is far more superior

Definition of al-Deen

• The description of al-Deen

– complete system that has everything in it

– system that comprises the worldly need & the Hereafter

– serve the 3 basic : spiritual, mental and physical aspects.

The Importance of Five• Include:

– preserve al-deen • through the law of riddah

– preserve life • the law of killing

– preserve mind • prohibiting the alcohol

– preserve descendent • order to marry• prohibit adultery

– preserve property • prohibiting the stealing

Vital Duties of Islam

• Perform properly and correctly

• perform the five pillars:– syahadat– solat– fasting– zakat– haji

Syahadat• The concept

– it is fundamental– main believe which makes us as a Muslim– closely related to the Iman– witness and admit the existence of Allah and His Prophet

• Methods– Know the asma’ Allah through al-Quran

• Explore the contents in al-Quran• Observe the creation

– Preserve the Allah’s command • Implement hukum (commandment).• Avoid to abrogate it.

– Know the Rasulullah through al-hadith• Take the examples of Rasulullah in everything he did in his daily life

Istighna’

Knowing Allah

• Wujud (Nafsiah)• Qidam (Salbiah)• Baqa’ (Salbiah)• Mukhalafatuhu lilhawadith

(Salbiah)• Qiyamuhu binafsihi (Salbiah)• Sama’ (Ma’ani)• Basar (Ma’ani)• Kalam (Ma’ani)• Sami’an (Ma’nawiyyah)• Basiran (Ma’nawiyyah)• Mutakalliman (Ma’nawiyyah)

• Wahdaniya (Salbiah)• Qudrat (Ma’ani)• Iradat (Ma’ani)• Ilmu (Ma’ani)• Hayat (Ma’ani)• Qadiran (Ma’nawiyyah)• Muridan (Ma’nawiyyah)• Aliman (Ma’nawiyyah)• Hayyan (Ma’nawiyyah)

Iftiqar

Mulberry leaves are thin, glossy, and light green in color.

The shape of the leaf can be quite variable even on the same tree. Some leaves have 5 lobes

while others have one lobe, two lobes, three lobes, or no lobes at all.

Knowing His Commandment (Hukum)

• Syara’– Taklifi

• wajib, haram, sunnat, makruh, harus

– Wadh’I• Sebab , syarat, Mani’, Sah, Batal

• Akal• Wajib, Mustahil, Jaiz

• Adat• Wajib, Mustahil,, Jaiz

Wadh’i

• Reason (Sabab) : anything can cause the situation to be implemented ; e.g.: no water is reason for tayammum

• Condition (Syarat) : anything is should be or compulsory to implement the thing or situation like pure water is a condition in order to be wudhu is valid.

Wadh’i

• Obstacle (mani’) : anything can obstruct the situation or job from produce something. E.g.; haidh obstruct from prayer and fasting.

• Validity (Sah) : any kind of job or situation is assumed as a legal due to completion of condition and covenant.

• Invalid (batal) : any kind of deed that uncompleted because of uncompleted condition and covenant or they have the obstruction against it.

Aqal

• Wajib : any decision that made by akal is must be like that (logically). E.g.: the existence of God, 5x2=10

• Impossible : any decision that made by akal is impossible to be like that. E.g.: no God, father is younger than son/daughter.

• Jaiz : Anything could be accepted by akal either it is existed or not. E.g.: today will rainy

Adat

• Wajib : anything according to adat could happen like that but it’s not 100% happened like that, it is possible to change.E.g.: fire can burning, eating can repleting,

• Impossible : anything couldn’t happen according to adat. E.g.: Men can birth

• Jaiz : anything could usually happen. E.g.: rich can be poor or poor can be rich

Matters That Abrogate Syahadat• حدثني قال وهب ابن حدثنا األيلي سعيد بن هارون حدثني

أبي عن الغيث أبي عن زيد بن ثور عن بالل بن سليمان هريرة

قال وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول السبع أن اجتنبوابالله الشرك قال هن وما الله رسول يا قيل الموبقات

مال وأكل بالحق إال الله حرم التي النفس وقتل والسحرالمحصنات وقذف الزحف يوم والتولي الربا وأكل اليتيم

المؤمنات الغافالت

• Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) observed: Avoid the seven most grievous sins. (The hearers) asked: What are they, Allah's Messenger? He (the Holy Prophet) replied: Associating anything with Allah, magic, killing of one whom Allah has declared inviolate without a just cause, devouring the property of an orphan, dealing in usury, fleeing on the day of fighting, and calumniating the chaste, innocent, believing women.

Syahadah

• Matters That Abrogate Syahadat– 1.rely and depend on other than Allah– 2.does not admit that all bounties either

material things or internal satisfaction are come from Allah

– 3.worship other than Allah (diverted intention)– 4.give a total right to other than Allah in

creating syariah law

Matters That Abrogate Syahadat

– 5.To follow other than Allah except with His permission (parents, husband, teacher, leader)

@ه@ • ب AَكA ل AسC Aي ل مAا @ي ب Aر@ك CشD ُت Aن أ عAلى AاكAدAاهAج @ن وAإDِط@عCُهDمAا ُت AالAف HمC ل وفIا ع@ DرCعAم Aا Cي الدKْن ف@ي CُهDمAا ب وAصAاح@

CمD ج@عDُك CرAم MيA @ل إ MمD ث MيA @ل إ AاَبA Aْن أ CنAم Aيل@ ب Aس Cع@ Mب وAاُت AونD AعCمAل ُت CمD Dنت ك @مAا ب Dم Dُك Pُئ Aب ْن

D فAُأ– And if they contend with you that you should associate

with Me what you have no knowledge of, do not obey them, and keep company with them in this world kindly, and follow the way of him who turns to Me, then to Me is your return, then will I inform you of what you did (luqman:15)

Matters That Abrogate Syahadat

– 6.hatred feelings towards Islam.– 7.To permit what is prohibited and prohibit

what is permissible.– 8.Does not believe with Quranic verses and

prophet’s tradition– 9.rectify the leadership of non-Muslim and

munafiq

Matters That Abrogate Syahadat

– 10.Practice rites and rituals other than Islam that he should not do

– 11.accuse a Muslim as non-Muslim and not assume non-Muslim as they are

Solat

• Meaning:

– comprises of words and actions that begin with takbir and end with the salam.

• The pillars of solat

• The valid condition of solat

• The compulsory condition of solat

Fasting during Ramadhan

• Meaning: – Ritual abstention at day time from the daybreak

to sunset from allowing whether deliberately or mistaken anything to enter the stomach or any other parts of body which falls under the same legal judgement as the stomach

• The condition of fasting

• The things that can annul fasting

Zakat

• Zakat means grow (in goodness) or 'increase', 'purifying' or 'making pure'. So the act of giving zakat means purifying one's wealth to gain Allah's blessing to make it grow in goodness

• CمDه DرPُهAِطD ُت IًةAقAدAص Cُه@م@ مCوAالA أ Cم@ن CذDُخ

AَكA Aُت صAال Mن@ إ Cُه@مC Aي عAل PلAصAو @ُهAا ب Pيُه@م ك AزD وAُت Hيم@ عAل Hم@يع Aس DهT وAالل CمDُهM ل HنA ُك Aس

Take alms out of their property, you would cleanse them and purify them

thereby, and pray for them; surely your prayer is a relief to them; and Allah is

Hearing, Knowing ( Al-Taubah:103 ).

Zakat

• 2 types:(1) Zakat On property

It is compulsory to give Zakat on the following types of property:(1) Livestock e.g.. goats, camels, and cows; (2) Cereals e.g.. rice, corn and wheat;(3) Fruits e.g.. Dates and Grapes only;(4) Gold and Silver (includes foreign-exchange, valuable notes and savings);(5) Minerals and buried treasure;(6) Stocks (goods to be traded).

• (2) Zakat Fitrah (Zakat on yourself)

It is a means of 'purifying' the act of fasting (which is the fourth principle of Islam) in the month of Ramadhan as we might have unconsciously committed certain sins while performing the fast. Also, the proceeds will help to lighten the burden of the poor and other needy groups.Zakat Fitrah is compulsory (wajib) to all Muslims. It is compulsory that the item to be given away as Zakat Fitrah is the staple food of that country. In many countries in Asia, the staple food is rice. Hence, the amount to be given is about 2.3 kilograms of rice. For practical purposes, the monetary equivalent of that amount is allowed to be used as Zakat Fitrah.

The person who are qualified

• DاتAقAدMالص MمAا @ْن اءإ AرAقDفC @ل @ين@وA ل اك AسAمC الCُهAا Aي عAل Aين@ CعAام@ل DُهDمC وAال Dوب قDل MفAًة@ CمDؤAل وAال

قAاَب@ وAف@ي Pالر AوAار@م@ينAغC @يل@ ال ب Aس وAف@يTه@ @يل@ الل ب Mالس Cن@ Tه@ وAاب الل AنPم IًةAر@يَضAف

Hُك@يمAح Hيم@ عAل DهT وAالل

• Fakir - One who has neither material possessions nor means of livelihood.

• Miskin - One with insufficient means of livelihood to meet basic needs.

• Amil - One who is appointed to collect zakat.

• Muallaf - One who converts to Islam.

• Riqab - One who wants to free himself from bondage or the shackles of slavery.

• Gharmin - One who is in debt (money borrowed to meet basic, halal expenditure).

• Fisabillillah - One who fights for the cause of Allah.

• Ibnus Sabil - One who is stranded in journey.

Performing Hajj

• Literally: The word "Hajj" means heading for an honorable person or place.

• Legally: Hajj means worshipping Allah by performing the Hajj rituals, which are defined as specific acts performed at a specific time and place in a specific way.

• The Rules of Hajj: 1. Ihram2. Standing by `Arafah3. Ifadah Circumambulation4. Sa`i between Safa and Marwah

5. Shave or trim or cut hair

6. Done in order

Characteristic of Islam

• Al-Rabbaniyyah

• Al-Syumul

• Al-Wasatiyyah/Al-Tawazun

• Al-Thabat wa Al-Murunah

• Al-Waqi’iyyah

• Al-Ijabiyyah

• Al-Inqilabiyyah

Al-Rabbaniyah

• Objective and purpose– To know the objective of life– Recognize the stage of

preferences– Free from internal conflicts,

anxiety and individualismProblem• Argue about the life• Argue about the invisible

matterSolution• The concept of similarity• The concept of taqwa• Refusing of assabiyyah

• Sources and methods– Al-quran– Al-hadith

• Mutawatir• Masyhur• Ahad• Sahih• Hassan• Daif• Maudu’

– Ijma’• Kubra• Sukuti

– Qiyas

Al-Syumul

• The universality of Islamic Revelation– The sealed messenger

of God who came to complete the message of his fellow prophets

• The universality of Islamic teaching– Aqidah

– Syariah

– Morality

Al-wasatiyyah

• The features– Aqidah

• Clear

– Morality• Integratin of two

elements (human intellect and lust)

– Syariah

• The advantages– Justice

– Straight path

– Evidences of all goodness

– Peace

– Evidence of strength

Al-Rabbaniyyah

• Can be divided into: – a. objective and concentration

– b. source and method

Al-Rabbaniyyah As An Objective

• Know the objective of life– To know our god by observing His creation

– as a garden to plant as much as u can

• To recognize the stage of preferences– fiqh al-awlawiyat

• to free someone oneself from internal conficts and anxiety about servant and his God– the 20 attributes of Allah

Al-Rabbaniyyah As An Objective (cont..)

• To free oneself from individualism– the concept of ta`awun

• Tithe

• Sadaqah

– the concept of similarity • Taqwa

• Refusing the concept of assabiyyah

Al-Rabbaniyyah As A Source & Method

• Mujma’ Alaih (Undisputed Sources)– Al-Quran– Al-Hadith

• Muttafaq Alaih– Ijma’ (Consensus)– Qiyas

• Mukhtalaf Fih – Istihsan, Maslahah Mursalah, Al-Urf, Istishab

Al-Quran

• Date of Nuzul: – 17 Ramadhan 13 BH/6 August 632M

• Total of Verses : 114

• Total of sentences : 6666

• Total of Words : 77,450

• Total of Letter : 1,025,000

Al-Quran (cont..)

• Content: – Munakahat (70 sentences)– Muamalat (70 sentences)– Jinayah (30 sentences)– Economy and Finance (10)– Solat, Fasting, Tithe, Pilgrime (147)

Hadith

• Can be divided into 2 types according to the numbers of reporters:– Mutawatir– Masyhur– Ahad

• Gharib

• Aziz

• Mustafid

Hadith (cont..)

• According to the status of Rawi and Isnad:– Sahih

• Adil

• Dhabit

– Hassan– Dai’if– Maudu’

Hadith (cont..)

• The most famous & credibility of the book of hadith– Sahih Bukhari– Sahih Muslim– Sunan Abu Daud– Sunan At-Tirmizi– Sunan An-Nasa’I– Sunan Ibn Majah

Ijmak (Concensus)

• Definition: The agreement among the mujtahid

• Two types:– Ijma’ Kubra– Ijma’ Sukuti

Qiyas

• Definition : Analogy

• Covenant : – previous problem which had the commanded– New problem/cases– the origin of commandment– the reason (illat)

• Zakat of rice

Al-Syumul

• The universality of Islamic Revelation– the sealed messenger of God who came to complete the message of

his fellow prophets

– DمD Aُك ل Dِض@يُت AرAو @ي @عCمAت ْن CمD Cُك Aي عAل DُتCمAمC ُتA وAأ CمD Aُك ِد@ين CمD Aُك ل DُتCلAمC ك

A أ AمCوA Cي الIا ِد@ين AمA ال Cس@ اِإل

• This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion (Maidah:3)

• The universality of Islamic teaching– aqidah– submission– morality

Al-Wasatiyyah/Al-Tawazun• Islam reject total seclusion of the worldly life or live

a life of a hermit• Calls the Muslim to have a perfect balance

Aا – Cي الدKْن Aم@ن AَكA Aص@يب ْن AنسA ُت AالAو Aة Aُخ@ر Cاآْل AارMالد DهM الل AاكA آُت ف@يمAا Aِغ@ Cت وAاب Mن@ إ رCِض@

A Cاأل ف@ي Aاِد AسAفC ال Cِغ@ Aب ُت AالAو AَكC Aي @ل إ DهM الل AنAسCحA أ AمAا ك AحCس@ن وAأ Aد@ين CمDفCس@ ال Kح@بD ي Aال AهM الل

• And seek by means of what Allah has given you the future abode, and do not neglect your portion of this world, and do good (to others) as Allah has done good to you, and do not seek to make mischief in the land, surely Allah does not love the mischief-makers (Qasas:77)

• Advantages: – Justice /fairness

• Aًة_ ُهAال Aَج@ ب قAوCمIا Dوا Dص@يب ُت نA أ Dوا Mن Aي Aب فAت _ Aُأ Aب @ن ب Hاس@قAف CمD جAاءك @ن إ Dوا آمAن Aذ@ينM ال KُهAا ي

A أ Aا ي Aاِد@م@ينA ْن CمD Cت فAعAل مAا عAلAى @حDوا DصCب فAت

– “O ye who believe! If an evil-liver bring you tidings, verify it, lest ye smite some folk in ignorance and afterward repent of what ye did.”

– straight path• Aق@يمA المDست Aاَط AرPالص ا Aـ اهد@ْن

• AينP الَضMال A وAال Cيُه@مA عAل المAغَضDوَب@ َغAير@ Cيُه@مA عAل AمُتAْنعA أ Aذ@ينM ال Aاَط Aص@ر – “Show us the straight path ; The path of those whom Thou hast favored;

Not the (path) of those who earn Thine anger nor of those who go astray”

– evidences of all goodness– Peace

• @حCدAاهDمAا إ CُتAغA ب @ن فAِإ AُهDمAا Cن Aي ب @حDوا صCلA فAُأ Dوا Aل Aت اقCت Aين@ CمDؤCم@ن ال Aم@ن Aان@ @فAت َطAاِئ @ن وAإ

CاءتAف @ن فAِإ Mه@ الل مCر@A أ @لAى إ Aف@يءA ُت Mى ت Aح Cغ@ي Aب ُت @ي Mت ال Dوا @ل فAقAاُت ى AرCُخ

D Cاأل عAلAى Aس@ِط@ينCقDمC ال Kح@بD ي AهM الل Mن@ إ AقCس@ِطDوا وAأ CعAدCل@ @ال ب AُهDمAا Cن Aي ب @حDوا صCل

A فAُأ– And if two parties of the believers quarrel, make peace between them;

but if one of them acts wrongfully towards the other, fight that which acts wrongfully until it returns to Allah's command; then if it returns, make peace between them with justice and act equitably; surely Allah loves those who act equitably.

– evidences of strength

• Features of moderation– Aqidah – Submission– Morality

• integration of two elements (human intellect and lust)

– Syariah

Al-Thabat wa Al-Murunah• The aspect which have been fixed are:

– basic principles of Islam• E.g.: tauhid, articles of faith

– objective and purposes• E.g.: fairness, similarity etc

– religion values and morality• Respect, tolerate, kindness etc

• The aspect which are changeable:– matter which are related to branches of religion

• Establishment of law

• Rules in society and state

– methods and techniques• The way to implement

– worldly and knowledge affairs• Studying, Working, Career, Property,

Al-Waqi’iyyah

the idealism, faith, believe is also based on the reality of the surrounding, circumstances and accommodating– The culture, situation and condition in the place

will put into the consideration in implementing hukum and law

Al-Ijabiyyah

• Two ways Interactions between Allah and human being, and also between human being among them.– Specific and general ibadah

• Rule out the means to communicate with Allah

• man cannot create the means to submit the creator, man must accept the way of Allah has chosen to him.

Ibadah

• Definition

• Concept

• Specific

• General

• Applying Moderation

Definition

• Total submission and obedient physically and mentally based on a belief that the one whom is worshipped almighty honor and will power that will induce the feeling of degradation and affection.

Concept

• Covered all human activities physically and spiritually

• Covered all worldly and Hereafter affairs

• Main condition – sincere oneself in performing

The grouping of Ibadah

• Specific - in time,place,conditionally, directionally and with specific actions– prayer– fasting– pay the tithe– perform the pilgrimage

• General - individual, society, leadership, the whole life