Is.4968.2.1976 Dynamic Cone Penetration Method Using Bentonite Slurry

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IS 4968-2 (1976): Method for subsurface sounding for soils,

Part 2: Dynamic method using cone and bentonite slurry [CED

43: Soil and Foundation Engineering]



Gr 3

IS : 4968 ( Part II ) - 1976 ( Reaffirmed 2007 )

Indian Standard

METHOD FOR

SUBSURFACE SOUNDING FOR SOILS

PART II DYNAMIC METHOD USING CONE ANDBENTONITE SLURRY

( First Revision )

Second Reprint JUNE 1990

( Incorporating Amendment N o . I )

UDC 624.131. 381

Copyright 1982

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI110002

Apri l 1977



IS I 4968 ( Part II ) • 1976-

Indian Standard

METHOD FORSUBSURFACE SOUNDING FOR SOILS

PART It DYNAMIC METHOD USING CONE ANDBENTONITE SLURRY

( First Revision)

Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDO 23

Claai ,.all

Pao:r DlNUH MOHAK

R /lres lling

Central Building Research Ins ti tu te (CSIR) .Roorkee

5aBI A. N. JANOLE( Allmtal,)DR SHAlJKI K GULHATI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi

DR G. V. RAo ( Altmaal, )SaRI V. G. HKODJt National Buildings Organization, New Delhi

5aBI S. H. BALCHA1 I DANI ( AU nale )

In personal capacity (P-820, P , No» Allpo .Qz ndta 700053 )

In personal capacity (5, HunR.rjo,J Ceurt, 12/JH II,./o d Streit, Calcutta 700017 )

Irrigation Research In-titute, Khagaul, PatnaIrrigation Department, Government of Punjab

Radio Foundation Engineering Ltd; and Hazarat :Co, Bombay

M_ sAUDl J IOKAL DJRECTOR RUUBeR Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways)

ROSa

uV Y DlRlECroR RESEA.RCH

(anso ) (.4llf 14I1 )Pao:r ALAI(SnfOK Universi.y ofJodhpur JodhpurLT-CoLAVTAaSINOH Engineer.in.Chief , Branch, Army Headquarters

MAl R. R. SUDBINDBA ( ,llana,. )DR A. BANIEBIEE The Cementation Co Ltd, Calcutta

SHal S. GUPTA ( tmud. )SJnn K. N. DADIN...

SHIl l A. O. D.uTIDAB

SRBI R. L. DEWAN

*Da o. S. DRILLON

RF:lIEABCH ORI E SOIL. )( IPRI) ( Altml4l. )

SR1\1 A. H DIVANJI

( Continued 011 page 2 )

-Allo represents Indian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi

(() COPJ ,ht 98

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDAllDS

Th,. publieatrcn i. p r o e ~ e d under the Indian eo yrlgJu 4 (XIV of 1957) andl qM odUC. OD to whole or In part by any meant except with wriuen permIssion ofdie publisher ahall be deeQled to be an infriDlemC D of coPyrilhl under the lIlid Act.



IS : 4968 Par t II ) • 1976

CQntwueJfrom page I )

Members

J l I l I O. P. l:\iALHOTItA

>1I111 J. S. MAItYA

ReprtScnting

Public Works Depanment, Government of PunjabRoad, Wing, MlDiSlry of Shipping and Transport,

NewDdhi5J1111 N. S':N Alternate

>Hl<1 G. D, \ 'l 'llUIt Public Works Department, Government of UttarPradesh

S H I D. C. Gil l L R\ CD I Altemat«,)JlIt , R. S. M J ~ I K 0 1 E Ccnu al Water Commission. New Delhi

SHHl C, S U I I I l I ~ D H A Alternate

')1I1l1 T, 1 ., NA'[AIIAJ.\N Central Road Research Institute CSIF ), New Delhi

R I l I t ~ : > J I N T A T I \ F: Hindustan Construcuon Co Ltd, Bombay'j { ~ I J ; M U I OurJn:n Buildmg and Roads Research Laboratory,

Chandigarh])11 K. R, S,XI::-iA Engineering Research Laboratory, Hyderabad'>1.Cll' T \ I t Y Central Board of Irrigarion Power, New Delhi

D, l 'UTY St;r ' l<CT\IlY Altsrnat« )1 o D I ~ SIIA \ ~ ~ J P I l \KASn University of Roorkee, Roorkee tGOI'AL R \ fJ,\ 'O .Illernole

1I1l1 II . V SI{Al{) l Irrigation Research Institute, RoorkeePI Hl.'/TJ.:-lJJINO LN(IDIEEn Pubhc Works Department, Government of Tamil

Nadu1: : I '1'1\'' ' ' I::-H.'KEhH Alternat«

Snur B. T, L' ' 'W\IoLA Concrete Association of India, Bombay

SlIl t t 1 . M. MI' 'OON .1fternole

'>Hm H. C. VUDI \ All India Instruments Manufacturers Dealer.Association, Bombay

SHil l V, K, VA<;cnr; \ Alternat« )..,II III D, A Jl I II \ SI\ IHA, Di l l ctor General, lS I Ex-officio M,mblT )

DIrector Civ Lngg )

Seer.tary

SHRI G. RAMAN

Deputy Director elv Engg), lSI

Site Exploration and Investigation for FoundationsSubcommittee, BDC 23 : 2

ConDener

SHRI R. S. MELKOTB Central Water CommilSian, New Delhi

Memb,rs

SHRI C. SUDHJ lDRA AltlTntd to

Shri R. S. Me/kate)PRO)' ALAM SINOH Univenity ofjoclhpur, JodhpurLT-CoL AVTAB SINOH EnSinccr.in.Cbief'. BraDch, Army Headquanen

MAl R. R. SUDBINDBA ( ..tIm )

CotUiIfIIM. . , . , . 9 )

-Abo repmcatalattitutioa En,inccn (.Iadia), Delhi CcDtre.

2



IS 4968 P a r t II ) • 197.

Indian Standard

METHOD FOR

SUBSURFACE SOUNDING FOR SOILS

PART II DYNAMIC M ETHO D USING CONE ANDBENTONITE SLURRY

Firs t Re vis ion

FOREWOR

0.1 This Indian Standard Par t II First Revision) was adopted by

the Indian Standards Institution on 22 December 1976, a ft er t he drafrfinalized by th e Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved

by the Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 Dynamic cone penetration tes t is a simple device for probing the soilstrata and it ha s an advantage over th e standard penetration test thatmaking of a bore hol e is avoided. Moreover, th e data obtained by C01:P,

test pr ovide s a c on ti nu ou s r ec or d o f soil resistance. The resistanceNeb see Note) to penetration in terms of blows pe r 30 em of penetrationof th e cone specified in this standard and devel oped by t he C en tr al

Building Research Institute, Roorkee, has been co-related quantitatively

to the standard p en et ra ti on v al ue N obtained in accordance with

IS : 2131-1963*. Studies with a view to establish a definite co-relationbetween Ntb, and N val ues for different regions of t he c ou nt ry are inprogress. The Sectional Committee responsible for th e preparation o f

this standard decided to publish this standard in the meantime so thatit could serve as a basis of test to various investigators an d others engaged

in subsurface exploration for foundations an d thus make th e results o finvestigations comparable.

NOTE - The resistanee to penetration in the standard penetration test IS : 2 3 -

1963· ) shall be designated as N that to a 50 mm cone t t IS: 4968 Part I ) -1976t ] as Ne d a nd t ha t to a 62 5 mm cone using bentonite s lu rr y as NCb

O.SThis standard

was firstpublished

in 1968.In

this revisionseveral

changes have been m ad e t ak in g i nt o consideration the experience gained

in conducting th e test an d in th e manufacture of th e equipment. Themajor changes made r ela te to th e material of th e cone an d t he h am me r,

·Melhod for standard penetration tell for soil,.

tMcthod for subsurface lOunqin,; for soils .. Pal t Dynamic method u n 50 mm conewithout bentonite Ilurry.l firsl misitm

3



IS . 6 1 ( Part D ) • 1 7

and the criteria for stopping of the driving of the cone. The diameter of

the cone has been changed to 62'5mm and the provision permitting theuse of cones of other diameters has been withdrawn. Additionalinformation has been given on the bentonite slurry used in the teat.Correlations between Nd r and N value. have allo been included.

•• Correlation between cone penetration value. obtained using 62·5 mmcone ( No6r , and penetration values obtained by other method. may be-developed for a given site by conducting the latter tesll adjacent( about 3 to 5 m) to the location of the cone telt. However, for medium

to fine Jands the following relationships between the standard penetrationvalue X obta ined in accordance with IS: 2131-1963· and the conepenetration value (No.r) in accordance with method specified in thisstandard [ IS: 4968 ( Part II ) 1 have been developed by the Central

Building Research Institute, Roorkee, These relationships when utilized..hall be used with caution.

a) When the 62·5 mm cone is driven dry up to 9 m withoutbentonite .Iurry ):

N I'S X upto a depth of4 m

X r - 1'75 X for depths of 4 to 9 m

b) When the 62'5 mm cone is penetrated by circulating slurry:

Ne6r - N

00 5 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been liven to

International co-ordination among the Itandards and practices prevaiUngin different countries in addition to relating it to the practice in the fieldin this country.

0.6 In reporting the result of a telt or analYlis made in accordance withthis standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be roundedoff, it shall be done in accordance with 18:2-19601.

'I. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part II ) covers the procedure of dynamic ,driving of

a 62'5 mm cone and thereby obtaining a record of resistance of the soil. The cone is directly driven into the ground and for eliminating thefriction on the driving rods. bentonite slurry is used. The use ofbentoniteslurry may not be necessary when the investigation required is up to adepth of 6 m only.

-Method for ltaDdard penetration teat for soils.tRulea for roundinl oft' numerical valuea ( r M S I ~



IS I Part II • 197

2. EQ,UIPMENT

2.1 The cone shan be of suitable steel wit h the tip hardened.The dimensions and the shape of the cone shall be as given in F i ~ 1.The cone should be suitably threaded to enable it to be attached toA rods used {or driving.

r10

•A SIZE DRILL AOD

VAN S THE LACIOF V N S A GR V L

T I t ~ Milt BE ~ R O Y I O £ I

THAUOED



IS : 4968 ( Par t II ) .. 1976

2.2 Driving Rods - The rods used for the test should be rods of

suitable lengths with threads for joining rod coupling at either end.The rods should be marked at every 100 rnrn

NOT - The outer and internal diameter of rods are 41 27 and 28·57 mmrcspcun vcIv

2.2.1 Four mild steel vanes as shown in Fig. 1 see also2.6 shall bewelded to the drrving rod immediately above the cone. As an alternative

a gravel trap about 150 mm high of wire gauze of 5 mm mesh may be

provided 011 the rod immediately above the cone.

2.3 Driving Head - The driving head shall be of mild steel with

threads at either end for rods coupling et Note under 2.2 . shall

have a diameter of 100 mm and a length of to 150 mm.

2.4 Hoi. ti ng Equ ipment - Any suitable hoisting equipment like at ripod may be used. The equipment shall be designed to be stable underconditions of impact of the hammer over the driving head when the cone

is driven during the test. Provision shall be made to enable the operator

to climb up the equipment for fixing the pulley, ropes, etc. A typical setup using a tripod is shown in Fig. 2. Suitable guides shall be provided

for keeping the driving rods vertical and in position.

2.5 Hammer - The hammer used for driving the cone shall be of mild

steel or cast iron with a base of mild steel. It shall be 250 mm high and

of suitable diameter. The weight of the hammer together with the chain

shall be 65 kg. It shall have a hole at the centre running throughout its

length and of suitable diameter for the rod seeNote under 2.2 ) and/orguide to pass freely through it . The clearance between the rod and/or..guide and the hole in the hammer shall be about 5 mm.

Nor» - An automatic arrangement for controlling the drop of the hammer may bepreferred if available.

2.6 Pumping Unit for Bentonite Slurry - consists of slurry pump

of capacity 35 to 45 Ilmin at a pressure of 700 to 8 0 kN/m l 7 to8·5 kgf/cm 2

) with a suction hose assembly and a swivel assembly. For

better circulation of slurry at greater depths a vane borer consisting offour vanes and a number of drill holes for the escape of slurry may beprovided in between the driving rod and the cone see Fig. 1 and1 ig. 2 ).

3. PROCEDURE

3.1 The vane shall be connected to the driving rods with the vane

borerjgvavel trap in position. The driving head with the guide rod shall

be fixed all the driving rods. This assembly shall be kept in posit ion with

the cone resting vertically on th e ~ r o u at the point to be tested. For

the circulation of slurry the guide rod shall be connected to a water

6



IS : 4968 Part II • 1976

swivel preferably through a flexible tube connection and then through

another flexible tube to the pumping unit for bentonite slurry. The

swivel assembly shall be held in position by a rope passing over the pulley

provided for that purpose. The slurry tank shall be filled with bentonite

slurry of suitable consistency see Note . The s lurry should general ly

be prepared separately and stored in drums. The tank end of the inlettube to the pump shall be provided with sui table protection against

entry of debris and it shall be kept immersed in the slurry tank. Thehammer, to which a rope has been attached for operation, shall be slid

over the guide rod, to rest on the driving head. A typical assembly ofthe equipment for test using a tripod is shown in FiK. 2.

NOTB - In the case of medium to fine sand, 5 percent bentonite slurry has beenfound useful, In the case of coarse sand, slurry of thicker consistency subject tocirculation requirements may be needed. In the case of hard water, addition of

I percent soap solution has been found useful to get a bett ,·· suspension of thebentonite.

3.2 The cone shall be driven by allowing the 65 kg hammer to drop

freely through a height of 750 mm on the driving head. A drum type

winch fixed to central leg of the t ripod may be used for lifting the dropweight provided the free fall of the hammer is not affected. The driving

of the cone and the pumping in of the slurry shall be started

simultaneously. Driv ing shall not be done for more than 30 r at atime after which it shall be stopped for a minute or two. Pumping shall,

however, be continued. This helps in keeping the hole lined and alsoavoids the choking of the holes provided in the cone. The driving rods

shall be given a few turns about 4 or 5 turns every now and then so

tbat the hole above the cone is maintained. Efficient circulation ofslurry is necessary for eliminating friction on the rods. The number ofblows for every mm penetration of the cone shall be recorded. Theprocess shall be repeated till the cone is driven to the required depth s ,e Note .

NOTE - In order to avoid damage to the equipment, driving may be stopped whenthe number of blows exceeds 35 fo r 100 mm penetration when the cone is driven dry

and 20 for 100 mm penetration when the cone is penetrated by circulating slurry.

4. REPORT

4.1 The number of blows NCb,. should be reported as a continuous

record for every3

mm penetration either in a tabular form or as agraph between and depth. Records of the test shall also include

the following:

a Date of probing;

b Location;

c Elevation of pouncl-eurCace;

7



u Part D ) - I .

d) ~ p t o.f water table and it l likely variation, from availablemfOrmabOnj

e) Total resistance at the required levels;f Any interruptions in probing with reasons;g) Any other information available, for example, type of loilj andh) Diameter of the cone used in the test.

110 1 11 1 11 Wlwe.

1.,

OIl O f

Olll l1llG 1100

YAN 1011£11

CON

FlO. 2 A TYPICAL SET Up FOR DYNAMIC CONE PENETR TION TEST

8



IS 4968 rt II • 1976

Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay

Roads Wing , Min ist ry of Shipping Transport,

New Delhi

R,pr,senling

Cementation Company Ltd, Bombay

Public Works Department, Government of Uttar

PradeshRodio Foundation Engineering Ltd; and Hazarat

Co, Bombay

Railway B oard Ministry of RailwaysEl UTY DIRECTOR RE :ARCH

FE ROSa )

ASSISTANT D I R C TOR

RES EAR C H SOILS ) RDSO ) Allmlal, )

DIRECTOR Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, NasikRIllSEARCH OFFICER Alumat« )

DIRECTOR GENERAl, Geological Survey of India

SUBI S. K SHOlrIE Alumat« )SHBI P. N. MEHTA Almnal )

EXECUTIVE ENGINEER SOIL Public Works Department. Governrnent of TamilMECHANICS DIVI8ION) Nadu

SHBI T. K. NATARAJAN Central Road Research Institute CSIR ). New DelhiSHRI H. R. PRAMANIX River Research Inst itute. West Bengal

SKRI H. L. SABA Alternate )REl ltESENTATIVESHRI N. SEN

SHRI R. C. DESAI

CotdinwdJrom pag2 )

M,mbns

DR A. BANERJEEDR A. K CHATTERJEE

SKRI P. K. THOMAS Altemat« )SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OJ Central Public Works Department, New Delhi

WORKS I

SHBI D. SHARMA Central Building Resea rch Ins ti tu te CSIR ),Roorkee

SHKI V. S. AOGARWAL Alt rnat

SHRI H C. VERMA Associated Instruments Manufacturers India Pvt L td ,

New DelhiPsOI T. S. NAO l\ J Altmult )



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Is.4968.2.1976 Dynamic Cone Penetration Method Using Bentonite Slurry

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