IRIS RECOGNITION

SUBMITTED BY A.ARUNA [1]

V.ELAKKIYA [2]

III-EEE-’A’

INTRODUCTION TO BIOMETRICS Biometric technologies is defined as automated method of identifying or

authenticating the identity of a person based on physiological or behavioural

characteristics.

Physiological characteristics are more stable and few examples are,

1. Face recognition

2. Finger print recognition

3. Iris recognition

4. DNA recognition

Behavioural characteristics are the reflection of the make up and few examples are,

1. Signatures

2. Voices

IRIS RECOGNITION-WHAT? AND WHY?

Iris recognition is a method of biometric authentication that uses

pattern recognition techniques based on high-resolution images of

the iris of an individual eyes.

As long as a person has an eye with iris, that eye can be identified

by iris recognition.

Even the fingerprinting technology allows only 60 to 70 degrees

of freedom.

IRIS SCANNING

With video technology, a camera scans the iris pattern, which

consists of corona, pupil, etc.

The system then digitizes unique information of the iris from the

photograph and is stored in a database.

To record an individual’s iris code, a black and white video

camera uses approximately 30 frames per second to zoom the eye

and “grab” a sharp and accurate image of the iris.

METHODS OF IRIS

In identifying one’s iris, there are 2 methods for its recognition

and are,

1. Active

2. Passive

The active Iris system requires that a user be anywhere from six

to fourteen inches away from the camera.

The passive system allows the user to be anywhere from one to

three feet away from the camera that locates the focus on the iris.

USAGE OF IRIS RECOGNITION IN THE VOTING PROCESS

• The voting process consists of,

1. Enrolment of iris pattern

2. Iris scanning of individuals

3. Verification for the identity

4. Permission to vote

5. Voting process

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IRIS RECOGNITION IN VOTING PROCESS

ENROLMENT

Before the election the people has to enrol their iris pattern at the

district head quarters, municipal office , etc.

This registration can be done once throughout the life.

The distance between the camera and the human eye can be 4 to

24 inches.

In the entire process, the enrolment stage needs human work.

IRIS CODE GENERATION

The iris pattern is encoded after the unnecessary parts have been

discounted and this process is called as demodulation and it creates a

phase code.

The phase sequence is called an iris code template, and it captures

the unique features of an that allows easy and rapid comparisons

against large databases of other templates and is encrypted.

VERIFICATION

In less than few seconds, even on a database of millions of

records, the iris code template is generated from a live image is

compared to previously enrolled ones to see if it matches any of

them.

HOW INDIVIDUAL IRIS IS IDENTIFIED?

PERMISSION AND VOTING PROCESS

PERMISSION::

The server provided at the polling station will verify the iris code

with the database and then it verifies whether they had already

voted.

VOTING::

After getting the permission from the server the person can vote

by pressing the keys and the pre recorded voice message will help to

select the candidate.

FLOWCHART FOR PERMISSION TO VOTE

SPECIALISATION OF IRIS OVER OTHER RECOGNITION TECHNIQUE

It uses camera technology, with suitable infra-red illumination

reducing reflection from the convex cornea, to create images of rich

structures of iris.

Because of its speed of comparison, iris recognition is the only

biometric technology well-suited for one-to-many identification.

ADVANTAGES OF IRIS RECOGNITION

Time saving.

Election malpractices can be stopped.

Imitation is not possible and pattern cannot be changed without

risking the eye.

High accuracy rate.

DISADVANTAGES OF IRIS RECOGNITION

Iris recognition is very difficult to perform at a distance larger

than a few meters.

Irises are not typically deposited by people at crime scenes, and

so are not useful as fingerprints and DNA for forensic

identification.

Optical readers are difficult to operate requiring advanced

training for employees.

APPLICATIONS OF IRIS RECOGNITION

All foreign nationals who posses a visa to enter the UAE(United

Arab Emirates) are processed through iris cameras.

One of the three biometric identification technologies

internationally standardized by ICAO for use in future passports (the

other two are finger print and face recognition).

At Schiphol Airport, Netherlands, iris recognition has permitted

passport-free immigration since 2001.

APPLICATION OF IRIS SCANNING FOR BAGHDAD REFUGEES

ADVANTAGES OVER FINGERPRINT SCANNING:

There is no need for the person to be identified to touch any

equipment that has recently been touched by a stranger, thereby

eliminating an objection that has been raised in some cultures

against fingerprint scanners, where a finger has to touch a surface or

retinal scanning, where the eye can be brought very close to a lens

(like looking into a microscope lens).

NO TWO IRISES ARE ALIKE:

No two irises are alike, not even in one individual or identical

twins.

The iris consists of over 400 different characteristics.

Compared to the 40 or 50 points of distinct finger print

characteristics, the iris has more than 250 distinct features.

Hence, iris scanning is much more accurate than fingerprints

or even DNA analysis of the different features.

REFERENCES 1.S.Prabhakar, S.Pankanti and A.K.Jain,”Biomertric recognition security and privacy concerns”, IEEE security and privacy magazine, vol.1,No.2, pp.33-42, 2003.2.D.Maltoni, D.Maio, A.K.Jain and S.Prabhakar, Handbook of fingerprint recognition, springer. NY, 2003.3.Electronics for you4.Wikipedia5. A.K.Jain, R.Bolle and S.Pankanti(editors), Biometrics: personal identification in networked society, kluwer academic publishers, 1999.

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