1. 1. A MINOR PROJECT REPORT ON e- Commerce Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A) B.B.A VIth Semester Batch 2012-2015 Submitted To : Submitted By : Irfan Ali Roll No. 3166516Ritu Mam
2. 2. PROJECTED BY IRFAN ALI
3. 3. This is to certify that Mr. Irfan Ali with Roll no. 3166516 student of BBA ( Bachelor Of Business Administration) Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management (R.K.I.T.M.) Simbhaoli, Hapur has completed the project work & has submitted a report for the same in partial fulfillment of the course by C.C.S. University Meerut for the year 2012-2015 in the Topic E- Commerce . The Student has worked under our Guidance as directed. SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER CERTIFICATE RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
4. 4. A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.) I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude to my project guide Sonam Mam for guiding me immensely through the course of the project. He always evinced keen interest in my work. His constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the successful completion of this project. I also thanks to my all Teachers for their motivation & support. I must thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for compilation of this project.
5. 5. DECLARATION RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.) I here by declare that the project work entitled E Commerce submitted to Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management Simbhaoli, Hapur is prepared by me. All the coding are result of my personal efforts.
6. 6. INDEX What is E-Commerce? Why use E-Commerce ? Brief History of E-Commerce Process of E-Commerce Limitations of E-Commerce E-Commerce Application Types of E-Commerce Different Definitions of E-Commerce Scopes of E-Commerce Difference of E-Commerce and Traditional Commerce Benefits of E-Commerce Advantages & Disadvantages of E-Commerce Impact of E-Commerce
7. 7. Introduction of E-Commerce? According to Dictionary.com Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer It comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information, or money between two or more entities. Commonly known as Electronic Marketing. It consist of buying and selling goods and services over an electronic systems Such as the internet and other computer networks.
8. 8. E-COMMERCE It is commonly known as electronic marketing. It consist of buying and selling goods and services over an electronic system such as the internet. E-commerce is the purchasing , selling & exchanging goods and services over computer network or internet through which transactions or terms of sale are performed electronically.
9. 9. Different Definitions of Electronic Commerce Daniel Minoli and Emma Minoli gave their view of Internet-based commerce as follows: This revolution is known as electronic commerce, which is any purchasing or selling through an electronic communications medium. Internet-based commerce, in general, and Web-based commerce, in particular, are important sub-disciplines of electronic commerce.
10. 10. Why Use E-Commerce .?
11. 11. Low Entry Cost Reduces Transaction Costs Access to the global market Secure market share
12. 12. Brief History Of E-Commerce
13. 13. 1970s: Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) Used by the banking industry to exchange account information over secured networks Late 1970s and early 1980s: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for e-commerce within companies Used by businesses to transmit data from one business to another 1990s: the World Wide Web on the Internet provides easy- to-use technology for information publishing and dissemination Cheaper to do business (economies of scale) Enable diverse business activities (economies of scope)
14. 14. The Process Of E-Commerce
15. 15. The process of E-commerce
16. 16. The Process of E-commerce A consumer uses Web browser to connect to the home page of a merchant's Web site on the Internet. The consumer browses the catalog of products featured on the site and selects items to purchase. The selected items are placed in the electronic equivalent of a shopping cart. When the consumer is ready to complete the purchase of selected items, she provides a bill-to and ship-to address for purchase and delivery
17. 17. A consumer uses Web browser to connect to the home page of a merchant's Web site on the Internet. The consumer browses the catalog of products featured on the site and selects items to purchase. The selected items are placed in the electronic equivalent of a shopping cart. When the consumer is ready to complete the purchase of selected items, she provides a bill-to and ship-to address for purchase and delivery When the merchant's Web server receives this information, it computes the total cost of the order-- including tax, shipping, and handling charges--and then displays the total to the customer.
18. 18. The Scope of Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce encompasses one or more of the following: EDI EDI on the Internet E-mail on the Internet Shopping on the World Wide Web Product sales and services on the Web Electronic banking or funds transfer Outsourced customer and employee care operations Outsourced customer and employee care operations
19. 19. Limitations of E- Commerce Technical Limitations: Lack of security, reliability, standards Insufficient bandwidth Rapid change in software development tools Difficult to integrate the Internet and EC s/w with existing applications and databases Venders require special web servers and other infrastructures Incompatibility of certain operating systems with certain h/w or s/w.
20. 20. E-commerce Applications Supply Chain Management Video-on-demand Procurement and purchasing On-line Marketing and Advertising Home Shopping
21. 21. Types Of E-Commerce
22. 22. Different types of E-Commerce Business-to-business (B2B) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Business-to-government (B2G) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Government to consumer (G2C) Government-to-business (G2B)
23. 23. What is B2B e-commerce? B2B e-commerce is simply defined as ecommerce between companies. About 80% of e-commerce is of this type. Examples: Intel selling microprocessor to Dell Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donald's
24. 24. Business-to-business (B2B) B2B stands for Business to Business. It consists of largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that Buyer and seller are two different entities. It is similar to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer or wholesaler. E.g.:-Dell deals computers and other associated accessories online but it is does not make up all those products. So, in govern to deal those products, first step is to purchases them from unlike businesses i.e. the producers of those products.
25. 25. B2B E-commerce
26. 26. What is B2C ecommerce? Business-to-consumer e-commerce, or commerce between companies and consumers, involves customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods or receiving products over an electronic network. Example: Dell selling me a laptop
27. 27. Business-to-consumer (B2C): It is the model taking businesses and consumers interaction. The basic concept of this model is to sell the product online to the consumers. B2c is the direct trade between the company and consumers. It provides direct selling through online. For example: if you want to sell goods and services to customer so that anybody can purchase any products directly from suppliers website.
28. 28. B2C E-commerce
29. 29. Business-to-Employee (B2E) Business-to-employee (B2E) electronic commerce uses an intra business network which allows companies to provide products and/or services to their employees. Typically, companies use B2E networks to automate employee- related corporate processes.
30. 30. What is C2C ecommerce? Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or C2C is simply commerce between private individuals or consumers. Example: Mary buying an iPod from Tom on eBay Me selling a car to my neighbour
31. 31. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. eBay's auction service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place everyday since 1995.
32. 32. C2C E-commerce
33. 33. What is B2G ecommerce? Business-to-government e-commerce or B2G is generally defined as commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government- related operations Example: Business pay taxes, file reports, or sell goods and services to Govt. agencies.
34. 34. Business-to-government (B2G) B2G networks provide a platform for businesses to bid on government opportunities which are presented as solicitations in the form of RFPs in a reverse auction fashion. Public sector organizations (PSOs) post tenders in the form of RFPs, RFIs, RFQs, Sources Sought, etc. and suppliers respond to them.
35. 35. B2G E-commerce
36. 36. G2B E-commerce Government-to-business (G2B) is a business model that refers to government providing services or information to business organisation. Government uses B2G model website to approach business organizations. Such websites support auctions, tenders and application submission functionalities.
37. 37. Government-to-business (G2B) The objective of G2B is to reduce burdens on business, provide one- stop access to information and enable digital communication using the language of e-business (XML). Moreover, the government should reuse the data reported appropriately and take advantage of commercial electronic transaction protocols.
38. 38. G2B e-commerce
39. 39. G2C E-commerce This Model is also a part of e-governance. The objective of this model is to provide good and effective services to each citizen. The Government provides the following facilities to the citizens through website. Information of all government departments, Different welfare schemes, Different application forms to be used by the citizens.
40. 40. Government to consumer (G2C) The electronic commerce activities performed between the government and its citizens or consumers, including paying taxes, registering vehicles, and providing information and services
41. 41. G2C E-commerce
42. 42. The Scope of Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce encompasses one or more of the following: EDI EDI on the Internet E-mail on the Internet Shopping on the World Wide Web Product sales and services on the Web Electronic banking or funds transfer Outsourced customer and employee care operations
43. 43. TRADITIONAL BUSINESS DIRECT SELLING
44. 44. Differences between Electronic Commerce and traditional commerce The major difference is the way information is exchanged and processed: Traditional commerce: face-to-face, telephone lines , or mail systems manual processing of traditional business transactions individual involved in all stages of business transactions E-Commerce: using Internet or other network communication technology automated processing of business transactions individual involved in all stages of transactions pulls together all activities of business transactions, marketing and advertising as well as service and customer support
45. 45. Benefits of E- Commerce Benefits to Organizations: Market expansion to national and international markets Reduced cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing and retrieving paper based information Reduced inventories.(Just-in time manufacturing) Automated business processing Cost-effective document transfer Reduced time to complete business transactions, speed-up the delivery time Improved customer service. Increased productivity Reduced transportation Costs
46. 46. Benefits of E- Commerce Benefits to Consumers: Transactions can be done 24 hrs. a day, all year round and from any location Customer has more choices Rapid inter-personal communications and information accesses Wider access to assistance and to advice from experts Save shopping time and money Fast services and delivery
47. 47. E-commerce vs. E-business We use the term e-business to refer primarily to the digital enablement of transactions and processes within a firm, involving information systems under the control of the firm. E-commerce include commercial transactions involving an exchange of value across organizational boundaries
48. 48. ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find products. Buying/selling 24/7. More reach to customers, there is no theoretical geographic limitations. Low operational costs and better quality of services. No need of physical company set-ups. Easy to start and manage a business. Customers can easily select products from different providers without moving around physically.
49. 49. DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE Unable to examine products personally Not everyone is connected to the Internet There is the possibility of credit card number theft Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes.
50. 50. Impact of E- Commerce Improving Direct Marketing Product Promotion New Sales Channels Direct Savings Reduced Cycle Time Customer Service Brand or Corporate Image
51. 51. Impact of E- Commerce Transforming Organizations Technology and Organizational Learning Changing Nature of Work Transforming New Product Capabilities New Business Models
52. 52. Impact of E- Commerce Impact on Manufacturing Manufacturing systems are changing from mass production to demand-driven Just In-time Manufacturing Web-based systems Flexible sytems Impact on HRM, Training and Education Impact on HRM, Training and Education
53. 53. E-Commerce -By using electronic technology through the internet, it achieved: More competition, more marketplaces, faster transaction, and more advanced technologies to make activities between customers and producers more active. We as customers and internet users are responsible to keep our e-commerce healthy and safe so that e-business can be more reliable in future. . CONCLUSION RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
54. 54. 1. Background Provide an overview of the history behind the proposed project Clearly state why perform the project, and also refer to a programming context. Write a brief explanation of the need behind the project. 2. Objectives State the major objectives of the proposed project. Describe the intended achievements to be gained at different stages of the project lifecycle. Provide an overview of the resources required. . Reference RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
55. 55. 3. Issues Highlight the key issues to be studied and disputed at every stage of the project lifecycle. 4.Methodology Define the key phases of the project implementation process. Specify the required level of stakeholder involvement. Describe the content and duration of project activities. 5.Reporting Provide the Table of Contents for project reports. Define rules for composing annexes. Add report templates. Set submission dates. . Reference RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
56. 56. 5. Work plan Provide a summary of the anticipated work Describe the activities and necessary resources required for achieving the projects results and purpose Provide the activity schedule template Describe The finance resources allocated to the project . Reference RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
57. 57. By Irfan Ali