IoT Security: Cases and Methods

Copyright ©2016, @leomrlima

Detro

itJUG

IoT Security: Cases and Methods

Leonardo Lima@leomrlima http://v2com.mobi


Detro

itJUG

About meLeonardo Lima

•Computer engineer, server & embedded SW developer•From São Paulo, Brasil, now in Austin, TX•CTO at

•Spec Lead – JSR363•V2COM’s Representative at JCP Executive Committee

[www.linkedin.com/in/leomrlima]


Detro

itJUG

INTERMISSION! THE JAVA COMMUNITY PROCESS


Detro

itJUG

What’s the JCP and why should I care?

It’s the way to make Java a healthy, multi-vendor environment

What happens here impacts on your job

YOU can be part of the change you want for the platform

It’s easy for YOU to join and start: just fill a webform!


Detro

itJUG

But… how do I join?1. Go to jcp.org2. Register to use the site

(there’s a button on the left side menu)

3. Use the ”get involved section”

4. Remember to vote on the EC election if you join until tomorrow!


Detro

itJUG

ASPECTS OF IOT SECURITY


Detro

itJUG

On connecting thingsThe buzz of IoT is connecting things

Does everything needs to be connected?

The implications of connectivity


Detro

itJUG

In a study…Attacks on Internet of Things devices will increase rapidly

due to hypergrowth in the number of connected objects, poor security hygiene, and the high value of data on IoT devices.


Detro

itJUG

RECENT ATTACKS AND EXPOSURES


Detro

itJUG

Cameras“Every camera [out of 9 models] had one hidden account that a

consumer can’t change because it’s hard coded or not easily accessible. Whether intended for admin or support, it gives an outsider backdoor access to the camera.”


Detro

itJUG

Barbies”On the service side, ToyTalk’s server domain was susceptible to a

known SSL encryption flaw called POODLE, which could allow attackers to steal communications and other data. A credentialing issue could also let attackers probe for further vulnerabilities.”

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2834557/poodle-s-bark-is-bigger-than-its-bite.html


Detro

itJUG

CarsAs the two hackers remotely toyed with the

air-conditioning, radio, and windshield wipers, I mentally congratulated myself on my courage under pressure. That’s when they cut the transmission.

Immediately my accelerator stopped working. As I frantically pressed the pedal and watched the RPMs climb, the Jeep lost half its speed, then slowed to a crawl. This occurred just as I reached a long overpass, with no shoulder to offer an escape. The experiment had ceased to be fun.


Detro

itJUG

Electrical gridHe watched as [the mouse] navigated

purposefully toward buttons controlling the circuit breakers at a substation in the region and then clicked on a box to open the breakers and take the substation offline. A dialogue window popped up on screen asking to confirm the action, and the operator stared dumbfounded as the cursor glided to the box and clicked to affirm. Somewhere in a region outside the city he knew that thousands of residents had just lost their lights and heaters.


Detro

itJUG

Zombie IoT army!Massive DDoS attack – 10s of millions –

in DNS infrastructure (from Dyn) last Friday (October 21, 2016)

Mirai botnet was created exploiting the vulnerabilities just described (default passwords)

The code for ”recruiting” devices was open-sourced, so anyone can take a swing


Detro

itJUG

Zombie IoT army – The attack


Detro

itJUG

Zombie IoT army - the virusMirai’s attack function enables it to

launch HTTP floods and various network (OSI layer 3-4) DDoS attacks.

For network layer assaults, Mirai is capable of launching GRE IP and GRE ETH floods, as well as SYN and ACK floods, STOMP (Simple Text Oriented Message Protocol) floods, DNS floods and UDP flood attacks.

Mirai uses a brute force technique for guessing passwords a.k.a. dictionary attacks based on the following list

Another interesting thing about Mirai is its “territorial” nature. The malware holds several killer scripts meant to eradicate other worms and Trojans, as well as prohibiting remote connection attempts of the hijacked device.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_attack


Detro

itJUG

Zombie IoT army - the cure1. Stop using default/generic passwords.

2. Disable all remote (WAN) access to your devices. To verify that your device is not open to remote access, you can scan the following ports: SSH (22), Telnet (23) and HTTP/HTTPS (80/443).


Detro

itJUG

IoT SecurityThe Industrial Internet of Things Volume G4: Security Framework

Many different aspects, like IT/OT convergence


Detro

itJUG

IoT Security is ”messy”…


Detro

itJUG

Security, Trust & Privacy • Endpoint security

• Communication security between the endpoints

• Data distribution and secure storage

• Management and monitoring security of both the endpoints and the communication mechanism


Detro

itJUG

”Broad security”• Trust – data is coming from known device

• Integrity – data was not tampered with since it was sent from the device

• Uniqueness – data is not being ”reused”

• Privacy – data is not being used by unauthorized parties


Detro

itJUG

Security X Easiness X Cost• These 3 variables can’t be maximized at the same

time – if you want to maximize one or two, the third will be minimized

• Many of the attacks mentioned before happened because of ”wrong” maximization.

• Security aspects have to be thought since the beginning – adding security later adds more cost and less security


Detro

itJUG

USING JAVA FOR A (MORE) SECURE IOT


Detro

itJUG

Java Security GuidelinesSecure Coding Guidelines for Java SE helps with the most

effective approach to minimizing vulnerabilities is to have obviously no flaws rather than no obvious flaws

Java Coding Guidelines from CERT is also a good resource to understand how to program more securely

There’s a page from Oracle that covers many aspects of security, such as platform security, cryptography and secure communications

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/seccodeguide-139067.html

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/seccodeguide-139067.html

https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/java/Java+Coding+Guidelines

https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/java/Java+Coding+Guidelines

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/tech/index-jsp-136007.html


Detro

itJUG

Java Cryptography ArchitectureProvides Cryptography pluggable

support for many different providers and capacities.

Supports standards like PKCS#11, TLS and many others

Standard implementations in Java SE VMs

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec.html


Detro

itJUG

JCA Related LibrariesOracle’s JVM already includes an implementation that can help

you get started with security

The Legion of Bouncy Castle, aka, https://www.bouncycastle.org/, has many algorithms for JCA and related, such as X.509 certificates, OpenPGP and Lightweight APIs for TLS and DTLS (RFC 4347)

Security hardware vendors also provide providers for JCA, so you can leverage different levels of security with no change in code


Detro

itJUG

Example of software only encryption

Public/Private Key Infrastructure + Symmetric Shared Secret

Fragility: your keys are still ”hackable”, as they’re in non-protected memory!


Detro

itJUG

Secure ElementProvides a safe place to execute sensitive code

and store hardware identity and private keys

Hardware protection to prevent tampering

Many form factors


Detro

itJUG

Secure Element// Create a PKCS#11 cryptographic provider which uses the Secure Element Provider myPKCS11Provider = new sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11(PKCS11_CONFIG);

// The PIN code protecting the Security Element char [] myPIN = {'0','0','0','0'};

// Create a KeyStore corresponding to the Secure Element KeyStore.PasswordProtection pinProtection = new KeyStore.PasswordProtection(myPIN);

KeyStore.Builder ksb = KeyStore.Builder.newInstance("PKCS11", myPKCS11Provider, pinProtection);

KeyStore ks = ksb.getKeyStore();

// Add the SE as a cryptographic provider Security.addProvider(myPKCS11Provider);


Detro

itJUG

Secure Element// We sign with ECDSA Signature ecSign = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withECDSA");

// Retrieve the signature key in keystore by it’s alias PrivateKey privKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey("SignKey", myPassword);

// And we sign ! ecSign.initSign(privKey); ecSign.update(s1.getBytes());byte[] signature = ecSignCard.sign();


Detro

itJUG

JavaCardMini-Java for Secure Elements and Trusted Execution Environments

Led by the JavaCard forum (it’s not JCP related)


Detro

itJUG

Summary• Security is an ever increasing concern

• Security has to be thought from the start of a project

• You can be as secure as you want

• Java has lot of infrastructure for secure IoT devices


Detro

itJUG

Q & A


Detro

itJUG

Thanks!

IoT Security: Cases and Methods

Technology

Transcript of IoT Security: Cases and Methods