IONS An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom or molecule. That means the number of...
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Transcript of IONS An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom or molecule. That means the number of...
IONS
• An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom or molecule. That means the number of electrons and protons of at least one atom in the molecule are not equal.
Know your groups
• Now that we know how atoms gain and lose electrons we can predict how and with what elements will combine
• Ionic bonding is always between a metal and non metal
Positive and Negative ions
• Cations are positive Ions
• Anions are negative ions
Valence electrons
• The Octet Rule is a tendency of atoms in molecules to have eight electrons in their valence shells. (Two for hydrogen atoms.) The octet rule is a general rule, but is not followed by all molecules.
Ionic bonds
• When a non metal and metal combine to make an ionic bond, electrons are transferred.
• This means that in the making of Ionic molecules like NaCl ions are produced
• This is demonstrated by salt water and electricity
Ionic bonds
• Named so because Ions are produced in the formation of these metal and non metal compounds
• Once you know the valences of the elements you can figure out how those elements combine
Ionic Naming
Ionic naming
Molecular bonding
• This is bonding between two non-metals
• This is also called covalent bonding
• Here atoms / elements share electrons instead of give them away or take them
Molecular = covalent
• Covalent Bonds are chemical bonds formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms. The nuclei of two different atoms are attracting the same electrons. Therefore, unlike ionic bonds where an electron is moved from one atom to another the electrons are shared.
Molecular naming
• Molecular naming is easier, but the bonding can be a bit more difficult
Prefixes
mono- 1 hepta- 7 di- 2 octa- 8 tri- 3 nona- 9 tetra- 4 deca- 10 penta- 5 undeca- 11 hexa- 6dodeca- 12
return
Example #1-Names to Formulas
Sulfur trioxide
S O1 3
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final FormulaIf no prefix, then 1 is
implied and not written
Example #2-Names to Formulas
dichlorine heptaoxide
Cl O2 7
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
Example #3-Names to Formulas
oxygen difluoride
O F1 2
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final FormulaIf no prefix, then 1 is
implied and not written
Example #4-Names to Formulas
dinitrogen tetraoxide
N O2 4
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
Example #5-Names to Formulas
phosphorus pentachloride
PCl1 5
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final FormulaIf no prefix, then 1 is
implied and not written
Example #6-Names to Formulas
dinitrogen monoxide
N O2 1
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final FormulaIf no prefix, then 1 is
implied and not written
Example #7-Names to Formulas
carbon monoxide
C O1 1
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final FormulaIf no prefix, then 1 is
implied and not written
Example #8-Names to Formulas
sulfur hexafluoride
S F1 6
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final FormulaIf no prefix, then 1 is
implied and not written
Example #10-Names to Formulas
dinitrogen trisulfide
N S2 3
I’m a Binary Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write symbols of elements
Final Formula
Examples #1- Formulas to Names
CCl4
carbon
mono
tetra
I’m a Binary
Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write names of elements
Final Name
chlorineideIf first prefix is mono, it is implied and not written
Examples #2- Formulas to Names
XeF3
xenonmono
tri
I’m a Binary
Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write names of elements
Final Name
fluorineideIf first prefix is mono, it is implied and not written
Examples #4- Formulas to Names
AsI3
arsenic
mono
tri
I’m a Binary
Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write names of elements
Final Name
iodineideIf first prefix is mono, it is implied and not written
Examples #6- Formulas to Names
IF5
iodinemono
penta
I’m a Binary
Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write names of elements
Final Name
fluorineideIf first prefix is mono, it is implied and not written
Examples #8- Formulas to Names
N2S5
nitrogen
di penta
I’m a Binary
Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write names of elements
Final Name
sulfuride
Examples #9- Formulas to Names
SiCl4
silicon
mono
tetra
I’m a Binary
Compound
2. Write number of atoms
1. Write names of elements
Final Name
chlorineideIf first prefix is mono, it is implied and not written