Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology...
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Transcript of Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology...
![Page 1: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introductory Climate Modeling
Presented by Dr. Robert MacKayClark College physics and meteorology
[email protected]://www.atmosedu.com/workshop/
![Page 2: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Earth in space
See the first 4 videos at:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/PlanetEarthScience/GlobalWarming/GW.php
These are a very nice introduction to radiation from Earth and Sun.
![Page 3: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Earth in space
The rate of Solar energy absorption by Earth is
R2*(1-)So where
R is Earth’s radius is the mean planetary albedoSo is the solar constant ~1365 W/m2
The mean emission rate for terrestrial (longwave) radiation is
R2*T4 where
=5.67x10-8 W/m2/K4
T is Earth’s mean annual temperature
![Page 4: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Earth in space
Setting absorption equal to emission gives
R2*(1-)So =R2*T4
or
K 255
4σ
α1ST
41
0
This is about 33 K lower than Earth’s mean surface temperature of 288 K
![Page 5: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Adding an atmosphere
![Page 6: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A “flat” earth with an atmosphere that absorbs no solar radiation but absorbs all long-wave radiation coming from Earth’s surface. Both the earth’s surface and the atmosphere are assumed to be black bodies for longwave radiation. The atmosphere emits radiant energy equally towards and awy from Earth’s surface.
4A2
4E1
σTF
σTF
![Page 7: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A “flat” earth with an atmosphere that absorbs no solar radiation but absorbs all long-wave radiation coming from Earth’s surface. Both the earth’s surface and the atmosphere are assumed to be black bodies for longwave radiation. The atmosphere emits radiant energy equally towards and awy from Earth’s surface.
4A2
4E1
σTF
σTF
KmKWx
mW303
)/(1067.5
/239*2Tor
2SF gives Ffor Solving
unknowns as F and Fwith
equationst independen just tworeally are equations above the
)atmosphere of at top balance(energy SF 3)
)atmospherefor balance(energy F2F 2)
surface)at balance(energy FSF 1)
41
248
2
E
11
21
2
12
21
This is about 15 K higher than Earth’s mean surface temperature of 288 K
S
![Page 8: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
From K. Trenberth, J. Fasullo, and J. Kiehl, EARTH’S GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET BAMS 2009
![Page 9: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atmosphere absorbs a fraction, ,of the total solar radiation absorbed by the planet
Atmosphere absorbs a fraction, of all long-wave radiation coming from Earth’s surface. Through Kirchoff’s radiation law the emissivity of the atmosphere for long-wave radiation equals its absorptivity.
Earth’s surface is assumed to be a black bodies for long-wave radiation.
The atmosphere emits radiant energy equally towards and away from Earth’s surface.
4A2
4E1
σTF
σTF
S
![Page 10: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A “flat” earth with an atmosphere that absorbs no solar radiation but absorbs all long-wave radiation coming from Earth’s surface. Both the earth’s surface and the atmosphere are assumed to be black bodies for longwave radiation. The atmosphere emits radiant energy equally towards and awy from Earth’s surface.
4A2
4E1
σTF
σTF
unknowns as F and Fwith
equationst independen just tworeally are equations above the
)atmosphere of at top balance(energy S)F-(1F 3)
)atmospherefor balance(energy SF2F 2)
surface)at balance(energy FS)1(F 1)
21
12
12
21
Estimating =0.29 and =0.9 from Khiel and Trenberth Energy Balance diagram
![Page 11: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A “flat” earth with an atmosphere that absorbs no solar radiation but absorbs all long-wave radiation coming from Earth’s surface. Both the earth’s surface and the atmosphere are assumed to be black bodies for longwave radiation. The atmosphere emits radiant energy equally towards and awy from Earth’s surface.
4A2
4E1
σTF
σTF
K5.284S
2ε
1
2γ
1Tor S
2ε
1
2γ
1F
2) and 1) equations (combining S2
F2
S)1(F
41
E1
11
Estimating =0.29 and =0.9 from Khiel and Trenberth Energy Balance diagram
This is about 3.5 K lower than Earth’s mean surface temperature of 288 K
![Page 12: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Thermal Inertia Of Oceans
d C
I
t
T
T dA C tA I
I Net radiation intensity (W/m2)A Area of surfaced depth of ocean mixed layerC specific heat capacity of oceans the density of water
day
Co
14
I
t
T
If d=100 mMacKay and Ko 1997
![Page 13: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
http://www.atmosedu.com/Geol390/physlets/GEBM/EBMGame.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2m7OTv-cAc
![Page 14: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
http://www.atmosedu.com/Geol390/physlets/GEBM/ebm.htm
Stella version: http://www.atmosedu.com/WSU/esrp310-550/Activities/Gebm.STM
![Page 15: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Feedbacks
![Page 16: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Feedbacks
http://www.thesystemsthinker.com/tstcld.html
http://www.atmosedu.com/ENVS109/PP/CausalLoopDiagramsA.ppt
Diagram from VUE.Visual Understanding environment
![Page 17: Introductory Climate Modeling Presented by Dr. Robert MacKay Clark College physics and meteorology rmackay@clark.edu](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/551462d1550346414e8b59e4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conclusions
• Simple conceptual climate models can help students learn about climate modeling and the climate system.
• Climate models of all sort provide Interactive engagement opportunities for students.
• Causal loop diagrams offer an excellent visual communication tool for both student and instructor.
• http://www.atmosedu.com/workshop/