Introduction - University of Connecticuthydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/...Introduction.pdf ·...
Transcript of Introduction - University of Connecticuthydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/...Introduction.pdf ·...
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Introduction
Limnology
lecture 1
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Where is most of the world’s freshwater?
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2.6% of water is freshwater 77% of freshwater is in glaciers (2% of all water) 22.9% of freshwater is groundwater (0.59%) 0.1% is in lakes, ponds, streams (0.01%)
How much fresh water?
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Why do we care?
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1. Human needs
E. O. Wilson: human culture evolved to be hydrophillic Reflected in art, culture, religion, real estate values
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2. Conservation risk
2 million tons of human waste per day (UN)
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2. Conservation risk
Since 1900 half of global wetlands lost (UN)
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2. Conservation risk
40% of US waters not “fishable” or “swimmable” (US EPA)
- 1972?
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2. Conservation risk
139 endangered or threatened fish, 105 mollusks
(USFWS)
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3. Ecosystem interconnections
E.g., Experimental manipulations of headwater streams (Nakano et al. 1999)
50% prey energy comes from riparian
forest/stream Eliminate terrestrial prey, fish eat algae-
eaters higher algae Eliminate aquatic insect emergence
reduce riparian spiders
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4. Importance as a study system
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Lake – (physical) water body with thermal stratification - usually > 3m deep - (operational) water body > 1-10 ha Pond – everything else Reservoir – human created lake/pond
What is a lake?
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Permanence weeks months years
1000s of years 25,000,000 years
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Depth/Stratification
Strong seasonal dynamics - physical and chemical properties - biota
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Nutrients
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Flow requires radically different adaptations
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Today: limnology - study of inland fresh waters Critical gradients in freshwater - permanence - wetlands, unstratified ponds, stratified lakes - depth and stratification - nutrients - clear, macrophyte vs. green - flow - lentic and lotic water bodies Thursday: Lab notebooks Ecology and evolution Lab – Dunham Pond