Introduction to World Historybhsworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/1/38216487/01... ·...
Transcript of Introduction to World Historybhsworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/1/38216487/01... ·...
VOCABULARY
• Country - A region with its own government,
occupying a particular territory; also known as a nation
or state.
• Continent - One of seven large landmasses on Earth.
• Latitude – Imaginary lines running east and west on a
map that tell the distance north or south of the
equator.
• Longitude – Imaginary lines running north and south
that tell the distance east or west of the Prime
Meridian.
Introduction to
World History
Geography and Map Terminology
What is Geography?
• From Greek – “earth
description”
• The study of the physical
features of the earth, its
atmosphere, and human
activity
• Why might a knowledge of
geography be essential to a
study of history?
Continent vs. Country• Continent
• Turn to your
neighbor…
• One of
several large
landmasses
on Earth
• Seven (7) Common Continents on Earth
• What are they?
• North America, South America, Antarctica,
Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
Continent vs. Country
• Country• Turn to a neighbor…
• A region with its own government, occupying a particular
territory.
• Also known as nations
• There are 196 countries in the world today!• North America - (The United States of America)
• South America - (Brazil)
• Antarctica
• Europe - (Germany)
• Africa - (Ghana)
• Asia - (China)
• Australia
Studying Maps
• Maps Aren’t New
• People have made
maps for centuries.
• Inuit (Eskimo)
people made maps
from wood; tropical
islanders made
them from wood
and shells.
Globes
•Globes are the most
accurate way of
showing the Earth’s
continents and oceans.
•Problems with Globes:
• Scale is too small to
show detail
• Hard to transport
Using Maps
Mercator Projection
• What is a projection?
• Problems with Flat Maps• Maps that show all or most of the Earth always have
distortion
• Distortion happens due to making a round object flat
• A Mercator projection is a map that has parallel lines of
latitude and longitude.• In a Mercator projection, the shapes of the landmasses are
correct, but their areas are distorted.
Latitude and Longitude
• Latitude
• Turn to your neighbor…
• Imaginary lines running east and west on a map that
tell the distance north or south of the equator.
• Also known as “parallels”
• Longitude
• Turn to your neighbor…
• Imaginary lines running north and south that tell the
distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
• Also known as “meridians”
Using A Map
Using A Map
Absolute and Relative
Locations
• There are two types of location
• Absolute Location:
• the exact position of a place on earth determined by
latitude and longitude
• Absolute location of any place is where lines of
latitude and longitude intersect.
Absolute and Relative
Locations
• Cartographers break down degrees of latitude into
60 smaller units, called minutes (´).
• A minute of latitude can be further divided into
seconds (´´).
Absolute and Relative
Locations
• Relative Location:
• The location of one place relative to another place
• Examples: Ucon is about six miles east of Idaho Falls
or Twin Falls is about 160 miles up the Snake River
from Idaho Falls
General Geography Terms
• Equator• Imaginary line drawn around the earth between the
North and South poles - Line of Latitude - 0º
• Prime Meridian• Imaginary line that represents earth’s zero of
longitude - Line of Longitude - 0º
• Passes through Greenwich, England
• Hemisphere• Equator divides earth into northern/southern
hemispheres
• Prime Meridian divides earth into eastern/western
hemispheres
Using A Map
North America
South America
Antarctica
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
Using A Map
PACIFIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
INDIAN
OCEAN
ARCTIC
OCEAN
SOUTHERN
OCEAN
Using A Map
EQUATOR
PRIME MERIDIAN
Using A Map
NOTHERN HEMISPHERE
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
WESTERN
HEMISPHERE
EASTERN
HEMISPHERE
Parts of a Map
• Title
• Explains the map’s
purpose or subject
• Key (or Legend)
• Explains the map’s
symbols (for
example: capital
cities, parks, types
of roads)
Why is Scale Important?
• Scale
• Shows what the distance
on the map equals on the
Earth’s surface (for
example: 1 inch = 10
miles)
• Scale varies according to
the map!!
• What does scale tell us?
Why is scale important?
Parts of a Map
• Compass Rose• A model of a compass showing direction
• Cardinal Directions: north, south, east, and
west.
• Intermediate Directions: northwest, northeast,
southwest, southeast.
• Why is the compass rose
important?• Tells you how to get where you are
going
• Let’s you know where you are
• How to get to where you need to go
What parts of the map do you see?
Show Me What You Know• On your map, mark all of the following:
• All seven continents
• All FIVE oceans
• Scale
• One line of latitude
• One line of longitude
• Plus, extra requirements listed
• On the back of the map, in one paragraph (minimum 5-
7 sentences), explain the difference between a country
and a continent. In addition to the paragraph, give an
example of each.