Communism and the Bolsheviksbhsworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/1/38216487/14... · 2018. 10....
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Communism and the
BolsheviksWorld War I
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The -isms
• Conservatism - Philosophy based on tradition and keeping society stable.
• Liberalism - Philosophy based on change.
• Capitalism - Means of production owned mainly by private individuals or companies
• Socialism - Means of production owned by the community as a whole, usually through government
• Communism - Ownership of all property in common with everyone else in a community without government control
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Karl Marx
• The Communist Manifesto
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• Class System Struggles
• Oppressor and oppressed
• Bourgeoisie – Owned the means of production
• Proletariat – Depended on the owners
• Revolution
• Proletariat overthrow
• Dictatorship, abolish classes, distribute wealth
• Then get rid of dictatorship
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Capitalism• Private ownership of industry
• Freedom of competition
• Results in unequal economic classes
Socialism• Government ownership of industry
• Goal is to bring economic equality
• Aims for a classless society
Communism• Goal of classless society achieved
• No government needed
• GAME
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The Eastern Front
• Unlike the West
• Not stuck in trench warfare – mobility!
• Loss of Life
• Enormous for the Russians
• Almost 4 million dead, 4-6 million
wounded
• Russia Unprepared
• Training with broomsticks
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The Royal Family
• Czar Nicholas II
• Romanov dynasty
• Absolute ruler
• Insists on taking charge of army
• Rasputin
• Alexandra relies for advice
• Death…
• The people begin to revolt…
• Czar Nicholas II abdicates
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Soviets and Bolsheviks
• Soviets – Russian councils
composed of representatives
from workers and soldiers
• Similar to unions
• Bolsheviks
• Group controlled by Vladimir
Lenin
• Dedicated to violent revolution
• Attempts to destroy capitalism
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Vladimir Lenin
• Travel Abroad
• Spreading revolutionary ideas
• Germans send him packing
• Bolsheviks Gain Power
• Take control of the soviets
• Promise to end the war, redistribute all land to peasants, transfer ownership of factories to committees and government
• VIDEO – Bolshevik Revolution
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Russia’s Withdrawal
• Bolsheviks Take Power
• Rename themselves Communists
• Nicholas and his family murdered
• The “lost” Anastasia
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Ends Russian involvement in World
War I
• Frees up German troops to move to the
Western Front
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Reds vs. Whites
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PROPAGANDA DURING THE
WAR
• What is propaganda?
• A form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude
of a group toward a cause or position.
• Few Radios and No TV
• Posters became the “weapons on the wall”
• Why is it important?
• Reveal values and attitudes at the time
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ANALYSING PROPAGANDA
How does the poster make you feel about the particular
subject they are representing?
Is the viewpoint skewed, biased, or incorrect in any way?
Are there any broad generalizations or stereotypes?
Why is propaganda effective in influencing public
opinion?
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REASONS FOR
PROPAGANDA
• Women’s Role
• Encouraged to pressure husbands,
brothers, fathers, any male family
members to go and do their duty
• What if they didn’t go?
• Pressured to feel unmanly,
unpatriotic, selfish, embarrassing,
etc.
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REASONS FOR PROPAGANDA
• Posters Reminded Everyone They
Had A Job:
• Through joining the army;
• Through working for the war effort;
• By not wasting food;
• Through investing in government
bonds.
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REASONS FOR
PROPAGANDA
• Posters Often Used Fear
• Show atrocities that Germans were
committing
• Germans could invade and commit
those same atrocities against them.
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WHY IS PROPAGANDA EFFECTIVE?
• Its main purpose is to influence people.
• It presents facts selectively.
• It uses loaded messages to create emotion.
• It is one-sided and from only one perspective.