introduction-to-sociology-and-anthropology

Sociology and Anthropology

• Syllabus OutlineI. Principles and Foundation of Sociology

and AnthropologyII. The Person and the SocietyIII. The Social InstitutionsIV. Social Changes

Anthropology

Anthropology

• Who are you?• What makes you?• What is your place in

this world?

Anthropology

Etymological Definition• “anthropos” (Greek) = “man”• “logos” (Greek) = “study”Essential Definition• Branch of knowledge which deals with the

scientific study of man, his works, body, behavior and values within a specific time and space.

Anthropology

• “scientific” – physical, subject to time and space– human evolution– fossils of man– geographical population processes of change

archeological and prehistoric

Anthropology

• “…man’s works, body, behavior and values”–Discovers when, where and why humans

appeared on earth–Why there are variations in physical

features–Ancient customs and practices

Anthropology

• “Man”– Focal point of

anthropological investigation and analysis

– Regardless of color, affiliation, belief, technology

Anthropology

“Man”–works and achievements• Arts• Architecture• Technology• Sculpture• Literature•Music• Architecture

Anthropology

–How and why man have changed–How and why societies across culture and

time have different customary ideas and practices–Belief, politics, religion, social life,

aesthetics, health

Branches of Anthropology


1. Physical / biological Anthropology – Biology + culture– Paleontology (origin of

man)– Evolution of race– Racial classifications – Racial differentiations

(human genetics)

Branches of Anthropology2. Cultural Anthropology– Social heritage and customs – Technology– Economic life community

organizations – Family life– Secret societies– Government– Law – Religion – Arts


2. Cultural Anthropology (subdivisions)– Ethnography (pure

description of culture)


2. Cultural Anthropology (subdivisions)– Ethnology

(comparison of one culture with another)


2. Cultural Anthropology (subdivisions)

-- Social Anthropology (generalizations on social life; enthnology + ethnography)


3. Archeology– Man’s prehistoric culture and society– Fossils (organic)– Artifacts (man made)


4. Linguistics– Recorded and

unrecorded languages– Relationship between

language and culture

Sociology

Sociology

• Who are the people around you?

• What is their story?• How do these stories

affect you?

Sociology

Etymological Definition• “socius” (Latin) = “group / partners”• “logos” (Greek) = “study”

• “sociology” – coined by August Comte (French philosopher, 1798-1857)

Essential Definition• Scientific study of

patterns of human interaction that deals with the study of group life (Joseph Fichter).

Sociology• “scientific”– Body of knowledge of

patterned structure– Utilizes scientific methodology– Investigates the social world– Inquires how groups are

formed– Determines how groups affect

the individual and vice versa

Sociology

• “Human interactions”– Social relations– Story of people– Ways toward each other– Social behavior

(and not of the individual)– Changes taking place within society

Socio-Anthropology and Other Social Sciences

Socio-Antrhopology and Other Social Sciences

• Psychology – study of processes of the

mind such as perception, attitudes, values and their determinants

• History– Study of the past events and

their context that possess social significance

Socio-Antrhopology and Other Sciences

• Economics– Study of the production,

distribution and allocation of material goods and services of the society

• Political Science– Studies the ways people govern

themselves through government structure and relationships with other institutions

Forms of Sociology

Areas of Sociology

Areas of Sociology

1. Social organizationstudy of the various social institutions, social groups, social stratification, social mobility, bureaucracy, ethnic groups and relations.

Areas of Sociology

2. Social Psychology study of human nature as an outcome of group life, social attitudes, collective behavior and personality formation.

Areas of Sociology

3. Social change and disorganizationstudy of change in culture and social relations and disruptions that may occur in the society.

Areas of Sociology

4. Human ecologystudy of nature and behavior of a given population as an outcome of group life, social attitudes, collective behavior and personality formation.

Areas of Sociology

5. Population / Demographystudy of population number, composition, change and quality as they affect the socio-economic-political system.

Areas of Sociology

6. Sociological theory and method

concerned with the applicability of principles and theories of group life to social environment.

Areas of Sociology

7. Applied sociologyuse of sociological researches in various fields such as criminology, social work, community development and other social issues.

Researchable topics• Effects of migration in the life style of village people• The effects of OFW phenomena to family• Comparative study of marriage rites of Tagalog and Ilocanos• View on death of ancient and modern Filipinos• K-12 perception and viability among Fishermen of Laguna• The condition of Filipino nurses • The naturalization of taboos of advertisements in the

Philippines• The culture of CFAD students vis-à-vis other colleges• Sexuality and ethos in advertising• The economics of fashion among college students • Teen age smoking and CFAD students• Prostitution among higher education students

• Different culture among colleges• K-12 and UST• Mge eksena sa jeepney• The Phenomena of “Sabong”• Qiapo Files: Pananampalataya o Panatisismo• Qiapo Files: Anting-anting at Lihim ng Langit• Why do jeepney drivers don’t use headlights?• Ate Yema and her Odyssey

SOCIOLOGY

• Focuses on social processes• Recent social science• Understand way of life,

society culture• Complimented by

anthropological research• Originated from Western

civilization (historical)• Method: particular

(sampling)

ANTHROPOLOGY

• Focuses on culture• Recent social science• Understand way of life,

society culture• Complimented by

sociological researches• Originated from

primitive groups (pre-historic)

• Method: generic (holistic)

Anthropology and Sociology

• Both sciences attempt to understand way of life as manifested by the interdependence of society and culture

• Sociology zooms in at social process, whereas, Anthropology focuses on culture

• Anthropological studies are used by social scientists and vice versa

• Thus, both sciences are intimately related to each other—i.e., humanities.

Methodology of Sociology and Anthropology

Scientific Investigation


• Empirical Investigation– Direct experience of the phenomena– Use of the senses


• Objectivity– Date must be presented, analyzed and

interpreted independently of the researcher’s own beliefs and value judgments.

– “What you see and not what you want to see”


• Ethnical neutrality– Neutral in interpretation of

one’s findings, without being influenced by his value judgment and convictions about his own culture.


• Sociological Imagination(W. Wright Mills’)– Locating oneself in the period of the society being

studied in der to understand relationships free from social pressures of his time.

Scientific Investigation

Relevance of Studying Sociology and Anthropology

• Better understanding of culture and society

• Expansion of our world perspective

Relevance of Sociology and Anthropology

• Identification of uniqueness of one’s group

• Provide avenues of respect and acceptance

Relevance of Sociology and Anthropology

• Application of Socio-Anthropological knowledge to the production and design of people’s needs.

• to formulate how these needs be known to everyone.

Unity amidst diversity…

introduction-to-sociology-and-anthropology

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