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![Page 1: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Psychology
• What is Psychology?
• Research vs. Applied Psychology
• Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology
![Page 2: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.
![Page 3: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.
• Scientific study requires several things:
1. Framework / theory
2. Testable Hypotheses
3. Measurable and valid evidence / data
![Page 4: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.
• Behavior and mental processes include overt, observable instances but also include subtle kinds of instances, like brain activity.
![Page 5: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.
• Humans and may other creatures included in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
![Page 6: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.
• Physical state relates primarily to the organism’s biology - most especially the state of the brain and central nervous system
![Page 7: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.
• Mental state does not have to be conscious - can study mental states in many creatures without their conscious awareness - and can be studied in terms of brain activity.
![Page 8: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.
• All organisms function in an environment that is constantly presenting them with problems and challenges that must be solved.
![Page 9: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.
• Most people think of psychology as the study of differences between people, but it also includes the study of similarities between people.
![Page 10: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RESEARCHRESEARCH APPLIEDAPPLIED
>> STUDY
Origin, cause, results
College / University Think Tanks (gov’t)
Independent Researchers
Drug Companies
>> USE
Apply the study results
Psychiatrists Counselors Therapists Teachers
Social Workers
![Page 11: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Founding Fathers who have helped shape Psychology
Charles Darwin The Theory of Evolution (1859) Study of animals could reveal something about
humans Inspired scientists to study behavior
![Page 12: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Founding Fathers who have helped shape Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt “Father” of Psychology 1879 – started laboratory for studying humans Human behavior can be studied & measured
scientifically Objectivity vs. Introspection
![Page 13: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sigmund Freud (late 1800’s-early 1900’s) Development of Personality theory Influenced by early childhood experiences &
unconscious conflicts within ourselves
![Page 14: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
William James (published text 1890) Focus on human functioning in & adaptation to their
environment Study the human experience as a whole
We all react differently to the world Basic rules apply to human emotion, but never lose
sight of the individual!
![Page 15: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
John B. Watson (1920’s) Learning theory
Behaviorism & the impact of learning on human emotion
“We are what we learn to be” Favored structured child-rearing
![Page 16: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
B.F. Skinner (1950’s-1990) Focused on the effects of environment and what it
forces us to be (good or bad) Scientific study of observable behaviors, not
thoughts
![Page 17: Introduction to Psychology What is Psychology? Research vs. Applied Psychology Founding Fathers of the study of Psychology.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e995503460f94b9c79d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NEUROBIOLOGY: behavior is the result of nervous system and biology
BEHAVIORISM: behavior is the result of learning and associations
HUMANISM: people are basically good and capable of helping themselves
PSYCHOLOANALYTIC: viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces
COGNITIVE: how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics
SOCIOCULTURAL: behavior influenced by the rules and expectations of social groups or cultures.
The Six Theories of Psychology (pages 11-17)