Introduction to Linux - Center for Research Computingrich/CRC_Summer_Scholars_2016...Introduction to...
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Transcript of Introduction to Linux - Center for Research Computingrich/CRC_Summer_Scholars_2016...Introduction to...
Part I
What is Linux?
What is Linux?
● A free operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.● Based off of Unix using GNU tools and a kernel made by
Linus.● Originally called “Freax” (“free” + “freak” + “X”).● More focused on multiple users than a single user
(Windows/Mac).● Traditionally command line primary and GUI secondary.● Free to change and redistribute the changed version.
Distributions (distros)Wikipedia: A Linux distribution (often called a distro for short) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.
Top 10 Distributions
1. Linux Mint 2. Ubuntu3. Debian4. Mageia5. Fedora6. OpenSuSE7. Arch Linux8. CentOS9. PCLinuxOS
10. Slackware
...according to distrowatch.com
Evolution of a Distro
What does the CRC use?
Mostly
A few
One (my desktop)
End Part I
Disclaimer: Might not be real.
Part II
Using Linux Demo
Basics, Hints, & Tips
Shells
What is a shell?“Simply put, the shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. In the old days, it was the only user interface available on a Unix computer. Nowadays, we have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in addition to command line interfaces (CLIs) such as the shell.”-- linuxcommand.org
● CRC defaults your shell to tcsh.● The most common shell is bash, which is the default on the
majority of distros.● Even though your CRC account defaults to tcsh, the bash shell
is installed.● You can request your default shell to be bash by emailing
[email protected] and politely asking for your default shell to be switched to bash.
Connecting to a Remote Server● Connect using a SSH client.● A SSH client is standard on a Mac and Linux OS.● Windows users have to install a SSH client such as Putty.
Live Demo Topics
● man● ls● tab complete● cd● mkdir● touch● cp● mv● rm● !● !$● history● vi● view● cat● grep● | (pipe)● echo
● > and >>● chmod● less● find● scp● clear● reset● wget (curl -o)● sudo● su● ping● host● which● for● env● variables● (x windows)● alias
FIN
Any Questions?
