Introduction to Human Introduction to Human SexualitySexualityBasic AnatomyBasic Anatomy

WHAT IS SEXUALITY?WHAT IS SEXUALITY?

Sexuality is an integral part of our entire being from the time of birth. It includes physical, physiological, social, emotional, cultural, spiritual and ethical dimensions of sex and gender.

Sexuality influences thoughts, feelings, actions and interactions, and it is a fundamental human right.

WHAT IS SEXUALITY?WHAT IS SEXUALITY?

Sexuality is the total expression of an individual’s male- or femaleness through feelings, beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviours. It is a complex expression of the whole person.

Sexuality reinforces and affirms the individual as a human being and allows the role of male and female to develop.

WHO’S WHO VOCABULARYWHO’S WHO VOCABULARY

Let’s see what you already know about these Let’s see what you already know about these terms. Read the terms on the sheet and place terms. Read the terms on the sheet and place an “F” if you think only females have that an “F” if you think only females have that structure. Place an “M” if you think only structure. Place an “M” if you think only males have the structure. Place a “B” if you males have the structure. Place a “B” if you think both males and females have this think both males and females have this structure.structure.

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

ScrotumScrotum – the tissue that encloses the testes

TestesTestes – two organs that manufacture sperm and produce hormones

TestosteroneTestosterone – the male sex hormoneEpididymisEpididymis – structure that sits atop the

testes where sperm matureVas deferens Vas deferens – a tube that transports

sperm to the penisBladder – Bladder – where urine is stored

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

Seminal vesicles Seminal vesicles – storage area for sperm where nutrients are added to them

Semen – Semen – fluid containing sperm and nutrients fluid that increases sperm viability

Prostate glandProstate gland – secretes nutrients into the semen

Urethra – Urethra – tube that transports urine out of the body from the bladder

OTHER MALE TERMSOTHER MALE TERMS

SpermSperm- Has a head, body and tail- about 1/200 mm in size- Has an enzyme at the tip of the head to

weaken the egg

ErectionErection- The penis becomes engorged due to

increased blood flow

OTHER MALE TERMSOTHER MALE TERMS

EjaculationEjaculation- Semen is ejected in a flush movement

OrgasmOrgasm- A pleasurable feeling accompanied by

ejaculation- Caused by muscle contractions of the

vas deferens, urethra, prostate gland and seminal vesicle

OTHER MALE TERMSOTHER MALE TERMS

Nocturnal EmissionNocturnal Emission- Wet dreams through natural occurrence

ImpotencyImpotency- Inability to get an erection

SterilitySterility- Inability to produce sperm

OTHER MALE TERMSOTHER MALE TERMS

SmegmaSmegma- Build up of waxy deposit under

foreskin of non-circumcised penis

CircumcisionCircumcision- Surgical removal of foreskin to prevent

bacterial infections

CastrationCastration- Removal of testes

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

First, spermsperm are produced in the small seminiferous tubules of the testestestes. These oval-shaped glands are protected by a sac called the scrotumscrotum. After the sperm cells are produced, they are stored in a large coiled tube on the outer surface of each testicle called the epididymisepididymis. From this tube the sperm go into a larger tube called the vas deferensvas deferens, which eventually carries them to the external male reproductive organ, the penispenis.

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Along the way sperm is nourished by a sugary fluid from the seminal vesicleseminal vesicle, a chemical fluid from the prostateprostate, which is the most common site of cancer in men, and fluid from the Cowper’s glandCowper’s gland, which are two small glands located near the bladder. These fluids plus the sperm cells combine to form semensemen, the fluid ejaculated from the penis during orgasmorgasm. Before a male can ejaculate, the spongy tissue surrounding the penis becomes engorged with blood causing the penis to become stiff and hard.

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

This is known as an erectionerection. The tube that carries the semen from the body is the urethraurethra. This tube also carries urineurine from the bladder. Males can also have uncontrolled ejaculation during sleep, which are called nocturnal emissionsnocturnal emissions.

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

THE FEMALE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Fallopian TubesFallopian Tubes – draws the released egg into its chamber and moves it towards the uterus

OvariesOvaries – produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone), and they contain egg cells

THE FEMALE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Uterus Uterus – thick, hollow, pear-shaped organ whose purpose is to house a developing fetus

Cervix Cervix – the part of the uterus that extends into the vagina

VaginaVagina – connects the uterus to the outside of the body. Very flexible; it is approximately 3-5 inches long

OTHER FEMALE TERMSOTHER FEMALE TERMS

VaginaVagina- “Birth canal”- Menstrual blood flows out- Penis enters here, sperm deposited

during intercourse

HymenHymen- Skin that covers the opening of the

vagina

OTHER FEMALE TERMSOTHER FEMALE TERMS

CervixCervix- Gateway to the womb- Dilates to allow a baby through during

childbirth- Tissue used on a Pap test

WombWomb- Wall of uterus is shed if egg is not

fertilized

OTHER FEMALE TERMSOTHER FEMALE TERMS

Fallopian TubeFallopian Tube- Egg travels through here from the

ovaries to the uterus- Fertilization takes place here

OvaryOvary- Eggs produced and ripened here- One egg is released each month- Produces female sex hormones

OTHER FEMALE TERMSOTHER FEMALE TERMS

LabiaLabia- Outer skin protecting the internal

organs- Minora and majora

ClitorisClitoris- Erectile tissue, similar to the penis- Sexual stimulation in females

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

First, egg cellsegg cells are produced in two almond-shaped organs known as the ovariesovaries. During the process of ovulationovulation, a mature egg (ovumovum) is released and enters one of two fallopian tubesfallopian tubes. For a few days the egg cell travels towards the pear-shaped uterusuterus. The lining of this organ thickens in preparation for a fertilized egg. If the egg is not fertilized by the male sperm cellsperm cell, it will leave the body together with the lining of the uterus and a small amount of blood. This is called menstruationmenstruation.

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

The lower portion of the uterus is called the cervixcervix and is a common site of cancer in women. The female organ of intercourse is the vaginavagina. A circular fold of skin is usually present at the entrance to this organ and is called the hymenhymen. Outside of this organ are folds of skin covered with pubic hair known as the labialabia. Between these skin folds is a small, round, sensitive area of skin called the clitorisclitoris.

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

The development of the reproductive system is triggered by the hormones estrogenestrogen and progesteroneprogesterone, which cause many physical changes in a girl. This period of change is called pubertypuberty.