Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.
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Transcript of Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.
Introduction to
Human Anatomy
Sanjaya Adikari
Department of Anatomy
Why do you need to study anatomy?
• A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs
– Pains
– Lumps/bumps
– Withdrawing of blood & giving injections
– Basic medical procedures
Why do you need to study anatomy?
• Surgeons need to know what they
cut
– Where to cut
– How to find the structures/organs
– Relationship of stuctures/organs
– Normal variations
Subsections in the study of Anatomy
• Dissections/Macroscopic structure
• Histology/Microscopic structure
• Embryology
• Genetics
Dissection is done in regions
– Head and neck (with Nervous control M)
– Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M)
– Abdomen (with Alimentation M)
– Pelvis & Perineum (with Excretion & Reproduc M)
– Limbs (with Locomotion M)
Anatomical Terms
Anatomical Position
Anterior = Ventral
Posterior = Dorsal
Superior =
Cephalic
Inferior = Caudal
Left and Right
Medial and Lateral
Anatomical planes
Para saggital/Para median
‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’
‘B’ is medial to ‘A’
A B
Superior/cephalic
Inferior/caudal
A
B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’
‘B’ is distal to ‘A’
A
B
Pre-axial border
Post-axial border
Abduction
Adduction
Extension
Flexion
FlexionMovement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it
ExtensionMovement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Circumduction
Superficial
Closer to the skin/out side
Deep
Away from the skin/out side
Books Recommended• Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy
• McMinn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy
• Grant’s Dissector
• Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J.W. Heath or
Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh
Books Recommended
• LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED
• Gray’s Anatomy for students
• Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh
• Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore
• Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera
List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections• Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group• Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per
group • Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group • Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group• Cotton wool - 400 g packet• Gauze bandage - 06 per group • Two pairs of socks• One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply
body fluid• A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters
long
• Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat
Instruments
Scalpel handle (No. 4)
Scalpel blade (No 22)
Instruments
Instruments
Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors
5-6 inch Forceps
Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies
Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies
Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies
Scissors Forceps
Approach to the human bodies
Communication with staff• Talk during practical classes
• Meet us personally in the office
• ‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor)
• Email: Our: [email protected]
Your: [email protected]
Batch Stu. No.
Exams•Semester Exams – 4
• SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%)
• Each OSPE item will have equal weightage
•No separate merit exam
• Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide
‘Distinctions in Anatomy’
