Breast Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy. Consists of milk producing glands Consists of milk...
-
Upload
charity-evans -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of Breast Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy. Consists of milk producing glands Consists of milk...
Consists of milk producing glands
Glands are modified sweat glands
Assist reproduction in women
Rudimentary in men
Lies in the subcutaneous tissue
Extension transverse – LSB to MAL vertical – 2nd to 6th rib
Position of nipples 4th ICS in males 10 cm from
AML
Size is variable due to the amount of fat surrounding the glandular tissue.
Extent of the base is fairly constant
retro-mammary space
pectoral fascia
posterior capsule
suspensory ligaments of Cooper
• Contains loose connective tissue
• Condensation of the membranous layer of superficial abdominal fascia of Scarpa
• Connects the dermis of the skin to the posterior capsule
Structure 15 – 25 lobes
Each lobe drains by its lactiferous duct
Lobes consist of many lobules
Lobules consist of alveolar ducts
Lobules are separated by loose connective tissure
Lobes are separated by dense connective tissue
Resting breastLobule
Alveolar ducts
Lined by cuboidal cells
Myoepithelial cells between the cuboidal cells and the BM
Cyclical changes according to the ovarian cycle
Breast during pregnancy Changes due to
oestrogen, progesteron, prolactin etc.
Numerous secretory alveoli formed by proliferating alveolar duct epithelium
Interlobular connective tissue becomes less
Alveoli and ducts get filled with Colostrum
Colostrum is a protein-rich fluid containing maternal antibodies
Lactating breast Consists entirely of
glandular tissue
Alveoli are dilated with
milk
Interlobular connective
tissue disappears
Prolactin promotes the
production of milk
Oxytocin causes
contraction of
myoepithelial cells and
ejection of milk
Development of breasts
Mammary line or ridge develops at 7
weeks IUL
Thickening of epidermis
Persists only in thoracic region
If persists in other regions cause
accessory nipples – common in
axillary region
Epithelial sprouts formed and
canalized
Development ….cont.
Lactiferous ducts open into an ‘epithelial pit’
After birth the nipple is formed by
proliferation of underlying mesenchyme
Persistance of epithelial pit causes inverted
nipples.
An underlying tumour can also cause nipples
to invert
Lobule formation occurs only in the female
after puberty
Lymph drainage
About 75% passes to axillary nodes
Rest of it mainly passes to parasternal
nodes
Superficial lymphatics of the breast have
connections with the opposite breast
Breast Quadrants
4 c
m
lump
Upper outer quadrant
Bulk of the tissues
most benign/malignantconditions occur in this quadrant
Mastectomy
whole breast, pec. Major & minor, axillary fat,fascia & LNs
preserve pec. Major but remove pec. minor
only the breast
breast with axillary tissue
Radical mastectomy
Modified radical mastectomy
Simple mastectomy
Extended simple mastectomy