Introduction to Green IT

February 11, 2010Bellevue Community College Seminar

Agenda

Problem/BackgroundWhat is Green IT?

• Energy Efficient IT Architecture• Advanced Power and Cooling• Integration with Building and Landscape Architecture• Using IT to enhance environmental education and responsibility• Using IT to save energy

Green IT Alliance Projects• Thin-Client Computer Lab• Grid Computer Project• Solar/Wind Projects• Ornamental Cooling Pond/Living Roof• Interpretive Walk

1 large, 100,000 sq ft Datacenter30MW Power Consumption

• Equivalent Power Consumption of 60,000 individuals• Equivalent CO2 Output of 6,700 Households or 23,000 cars

• Annual Power Bill~$5.3M @ $0.02/kWhr (Quincy)

~$12.7M @ $0.05/kWhr (Eastern Washington)

~$22.3M @ $0.09/kWhr (National Average)

~$31.8M @ $0.12/kWhr (Green Power Average)

Wild Horse Wind Farm, ~ 230MW Peak, 100 MW average ~8,600 Acre Range, 167 Acre Turbine Area, $380 Million Investment

Solar @ $6/Watt, 30MW with Eastern Washington insolation ~ 300 Acres of Panel Area, $1.1B investment!

Data Center Problem

Background

Washington State Governor’s Agenda Priorities supportive

of Clean Technology Initiatives and Job Growth

I-937, LEED for Gov Bldgs, Bio-Diesel Initiatives, etc.

National Recognition of Huge Problem associated with

Energy Demands for Power/Cooling of IT Infrastructure

Fastest Growing Segment of Energy Demand

Green Building/Sustainable Architecture is a Major National

Thrust

Very Little Effort to Address IT Infrastructure

Ground Floor Opportunity Exists to Take a Leadership

Position in Integrating Green IT Technologies into Green

Building Practices

Pullman IPZ

Pullman IPZ Strategy is to Focus on collaborative projects in the following areas

• Green IT

• Clean Technology

• Alternative Energy

• Sustainable Architecture

Execute High Profile Projects that Create Future Economic Opportunity

• Foster Innovation and Collaboration among the IPZ Partners

• Prioritize based upon Future Business Growth Potential

Technical Emphasis Areas

Energy Efficient IT Hardware/Software/ Network Architecture Virtualization/Grid Computing/Thin Client

Power and Cooling Infrastructure SprayCool/DC Distribution/Power Aware

Integration into Building/landscape Architecture Modular Data Centers, Cooling Pond/Radiant

Floor Heat/Green Power

Projects

IT Architecture Thin Client/Virtualization Training Lab Workgroup Cluster Energy Productivity

Advanced Power and Cooling Renewable Energy Powered IT

• Solar Project• Wind Project

Server Power and Cooling• Liquid Cooling/Waste Heat Re-Use• DC Distribution

Integration with Bldg and Landscape Architecture Ornamental Cooling Ponds Living Roofs Interpretive Walk/Wetland Restoration

8

Problem Statement

Why Data Centers? Highly energy-intensive and rapidly growing

Consume 10 to 100 times more energy per square foot than a typical office building

Large potential impact on electricity supplyand distribution

Used about 45 billion kWhin 2005

At current rates, powerrequirements could doublein 5 years.

9

Lack of efficiency definitions for equipment and data centers (Being addressed by www.thegreengrid.org)

Service output difficult to measure, varies among applications

Need for metrics and more data:

How do we account for computing performance?

Split incentives Disconnect between IT and facilities managers

Risk aversion Fear of change and potential downtime; energy efficiency perceived as

a change with uncertain value and risk

Key Barriers

EPA Report: Call for Pilot Projects, Test Centers, Federal Leadership by example

10

Energy Efficiency Opportunities

Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Distribution & Conversions

11

Data Center Energy Use

Typical Data Center Energy End Use

Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Conversions& Distribution

100 Units

33 UnitsDelivered

35 Units

12

Typical Energy Flow/Use

Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Conversion & Distribution

Delivered Power

ElectricityGeneration & Transmission

Losses

Fue

l Bur

ned

at P

ower

Pla

nt

13

Will reduce cooling needs

Typical Energy Flow/Use

Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Conversion & Distribution

Reducing server power requirements

Lowering power conversion losses

Electricity Generation & Transmission

Losses

Delivered Electricity

…ultimately reducing fuel burned at the power plantReducing power demand and losses

Fue

l Bur

ned

at P

ower

Pla

nt

On-Site Generation further reduces losses and emissions!

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Server Load/ComputingOperations

Cooling Equipment

Power Conversion & Distribution

AlternativePower

Generation

• High voltage distribution

• Use of DC power

• Highly efficient UPS systems

• Efficient redundancy strategies

• Load management

• Server innovation

Energy Efficiency Opportunities

• Better air management

• Move to liquid cooling

• Optimized chilled-water plants

• Use of free cooling

• On-site generation

• CHP applications

• Waste heat for cooling

• Use of renewable energy

• Fuel cells

Thin Client Training Lab

Thin Client

UPS

Server

Meter

Standard PC

UPS

Server

Meter

Thin-Client Cluster Monitoring

Thin Client Testing

Tested two exciting new Architectures “Cloud Computing Model

• Managed desktop, reboot to restore, hosted model• ~70% energy reduction, 25% installed cost reduction

X550 “Five head Graphics Adapter style• Standard Windows PC architecture\• Transparent to user• ~70% energy reduction, 60% installed cost reduction

Both Solar power compatible

IT Metering/Energy Productivity

Energy Productivity

CPU cycles vs CPU Utilization

00:00.0

01:26.4

02:52.8

04:19.2

05:45.6

07:12.0

08:38.4

10:04.8

11:31.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

CPU Utilization

CP

U C

ycle

Co

un

t

02468

10121416

00:01.9 03:51.1 03:29.4 04:55.6 09:51.0

idle benchmark apps 50 100

Ener

gy (W

att H

ours

)

Energy USe vs. Cycle Count

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

00:00.0 02:52.8 05:45.6 08:38.4 11:31.2

CPU Cycle Count

En

erg

y (W

att

Ho

urs

)

Power vs. CPU Utilization

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 20 40 60 80 100

CPU Utilization (%)

Po

wer

(W

atts

)

Energy Use by Application

Application Energy Use (Watt-hours)

35.43

9.11

5.43

1.671.04

0.120.34 cpuSucker

RpcSandraSrv

Visual Studio

ccApp

Norton

explorer

Background

Average Utilization (44.98%)

Green Grid Computer

Supercomputer Cluster up!WSU paid for fiber connection between WSU and

GITAGITA bought additional switch gear to create “grid

cluster”WSU Added nodes with user demand

Future DirectionsAdd long-haul connections between other

campuses and PNNL Add advanced architectures

Green Grid Cluster

Expanded Cluster

Thin Client Training Lab

Thin Client

UPS

Server

Meter

Standard PC

UPS

Server

Meter

Renewable Energy Powered Enterprise IT Concepts

Use Renewable Energy as part of mission critical power infrastructure for Enterprise IT Networks Test Grid-Tie Systems with Battery Back-up to

act as the UPS/Back-Up Generation for Enterprise IT Infrastructure

Test Thin-Client Architectures with DC Distribution and Battery Back-UP

Project Objectives

Solar/Wind Project Install Real Time Weather Monitoring

• Wind Speed, Direction, Incident Solar Radiation, Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, etc.

Install All Solar and Wind System • Compare Power Distribution Architectures• Integrate Smart Grid Technology• Create Test Lab for Technical/Economic Assessment• Conduct Education/Outreach and Business Development

Power Data Center/Plug-In Vehicle Charging• Metered Power/Secure Identification• Auto-Connect (Bluetooth or RFID??)

Renewable Energy Project

Server

AC/DC DC/AC480V 3

DCEnergy Store

+

UPS PDU

480V 3

Power Supply

208Vor

120V

AC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/AC~ ~

High VoltageTransmission

Renewable EnergyRemote Site

Grid Transmission

Building Conversion and Distribution

Server

AC/DC DC/AC480V 3

DCEnergy Store

+

UPS PDU

480V 3

Power Supply

208Vor

120V

AC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/AC~ ~

High VoltageTransmission

Server

AC/DC DC/AC480V 3

DCEnergy Store

+

UPS PDU

480V 3

Power Supply

208Vor

120V

AC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

Server

AC/DC DC/AC480V 3

DCEnergy Store

+

UPS PDU

480V 3

Power Supply

208Vor

120V

AC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/AC~ ~

High VoltageTransmission

DC/AC~ ~~ ~

High VoltageTransmission

Renewable EnergyRemote Site

Grid Transmission

Building Conversion and Distribution

Renewable Energy Project

Server

AC/DC DC/AC480V 3

DCEnergy Store

+

UPS PDU

480V 3

Power Supply

208Vor

120V

AC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

Server

AC/DC DC/AC480V 3

DCEnergy Store

+

UPS PDU

480V 3

Power Supply

208Vor

120V

AC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/DC

• Cut out 5 conversion steps, should improve efficiency by 50% or more

Traditional Installation ~ $11,000/Server Installation Cost

Proposed Installation ~ $6,700/Server Installation Cost*

Architecture Option

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Solar Generator

Server Cluster Direct Coupled to Renewable Energy Using Existing Power Distribution Infrastructure

150 VDC to 380 VDC

Grid

UPS

Smart Strip

Feed B

Smart Strip

Feed A120 V AC

Power Supply B

Power Supply A

Server Cluster

Smart Strips are software controlled to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by switching load between AC and DC sources.

Battery Bank

Smart Strips are software controlled to divert excess power to a bank of batteries. The servers can draw from the batteries when solar production decreases.

Preliminary Results

192.04172.62

73.86

172.161

83.368

112.7

214.896

112.792114.82

162.39

248.54

303.03

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

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with

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gle

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feed

and

one

with

AC

and

DC

Inpu

t

Inp

ut

Po

wer

(W

)

DC Power (W)

Server 2 AC Power (W)

Server 1 AC Power (W)

Testing Direct Server Coupling ~2-3% Efficiency Gain ~50% Installation Cost Reduction

Testing UPS DC Operating Characteristics/Efficiency

Preliminary Results

Project Updates

Solar Project Progress Procured 54 Solar Panels, Outback Inverter, Battery Backup

System Tested three architectures new architectures

• Direct Server Coupling at high voltage• Low voltage distribution for client terminals• Grid-tie with battery back-up installed as Server rack UPS

Installation Underway

Issues/Risks Code compliance for new architectures/UL Certification of

designs, new components

Traditional Architecture

UPS

Standard PCClients

Grid-Tie Solar as IT UPS

Battery Back-Up

Charge ControllerGrid-Tie Inverter

DC Thin Client Architecture

Battery Back-Up

Charge ControllerGrid-Tie Inverter

Charger

4 to 8 timesLess Power thanStandard PC’s

Solar PC Cluster

Solar Installation

Metered Charging

Advanced Liquid Cooling

The use of liquid cooling of servers enables reductions in power by rejecting heat directly outside into ornamental cooling ponds, or the re-use of heat for office heating in the winter.

Ornamental Cooling Ponds

Traditional Approach

Replace Tower with Pond, in Summer. In Winter, re-use Heat for Office Spaces

Ornamental Cooling Pond

Water Line HEAT

Server Heat Re-Use

Wind Power

Weather Monitoring and Data Collection

Living Roof

Interpretive Walk Restoration

Self Contained Solar Power Kiosk

Rural Broadband Wireless Access/Subscriber Computing

• Partners• Green IT Alliance

• Integration, Power Testing• Galexis Technologies

• Wireless System Design/Integration/Service

• First Step Internet• ISP

• Safedesk• Low Power Computer Platform

Green Wireless

Interpretive Walk Restoration

Solar Powered Irrigation System

Conclusions

Green IT IT is a major power consumerA significant percentage of the power is wastedOpportunities exist to dramtically improve IT energy

efficiency IT can be a very beneficial part of the Green

movement