Introduction To GIS
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Transcript of Introduction To GIS
IntroductionIntroductionToToGISGIS
with Karl Krauterwith Karl Krauter
An organized collection of computer hardwaresoftware, geographic data, and personnel designedto efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate,analyze, and display all forms of geographicallyreferenced information.
WH
AT
IS A
G
IS ?WHAT IS A GIS ?
GG
II
SS
GGeographiceographic: A locationlocation somewhere on , above, or below the Earth.
IInformationnformation:Qualities or attributesattributes of a geographic location.
SSystemystem:ToolsTools used to develop,query, and displaygeographic information.
Tools include:Tools include:HardwareHardware
PCPC UNIXUNIX MACMAC PlottersPlottersDigitizersDigitizers ScannersScanners
SoftwareSoftwareArc/InfoArc/Info ArcViewArcView
PeoplePeopleTrainingTraining NetworkedNetworked
with otherswith others
Layers of geographicallyreferenced data
G I SG I Sis a process
which looks at the relationshipsof layers by asking
questionsquestions questionsquestions questions:questions:Who is within a distance of...Who is within a distance of...
What would happen if...What would happen if...When was the last time...When was the last time...
Where is a specific location of...Where is a specific location of...How far from one location to another...How far from one location to another...
How many occurrences of an event are How many occurrences of an event are within a distance of a location.within a distance of a location.
Examples of GIS questions askedExamples of GIS questions asked
Desert Game RangeDesert Game RangeWhat is the total area of industrial minerals ?What is the total area of industrial minerals ?
Potential Radon HazardPotential Radon HazardWhere are the potential radon hazards ?Where are the potential radon hazards ?
Earthquake ScenarioEarthquake ScenarioWhat would happen in Reno if a 7.1What would happen in Reno if a 7.1 earthquake happened on theearthquake happened on the Carson Valley Fault rangeCarson Valley Fault rangeEarthquake EventEarthquake Event
How many events happened in 1976How many events happened in 1976
Hands on GISHands on GIS The Question:The Question:
Find all the areas of possible avalancheFind all the areas of possible avalanchewhere south facing slopes are where south facing slopes are greater than 30%, and are within 150 greater than 30%, and are within 150 meters of a major road.meters of a major road.
To find the answer to this GIS questionTo find the answer to this GIS questionWhat layers / themes are needed ?What layers / themes are needed ?
DEMsDEMs
Major roadsMajor roads
Hands On ArcView 3.2
• Project Window
• View Window
• Table Window
• Charts Window
• Layout Window
• Script Window
Announcements:Announcements:
ArcView is available for ArcView is available for $250.00 for each module$250.00 for each module
Call E.S.R.I. Call E.S.R.I. 1-888-377-45751-888-377-4575Ext. 1499Ext. 1499
you will need to fax your class scheduleyou will need to fax your class schedule
G I SG I SWhat is it ?What is it ?
It is a process which looks at the relationships
between layerslayers of geographic information
G I SG I SAn organized collection ofAn organized collection of
computer hardware, software,computer hardware, software,geographic data, and personnelgeographic data, and personneldesigned to efficiently capture,designed to efficiently capture,
store, update, manipulate,store, update, manipulate,analyze, and display all formsanalyze, and display all formsof geographically referencedof geographically referenced
information.information.
A layerlayer is a theme of various features:
LAYERSLAYERS
Locations (points) + ++
Lines (arcs)
Areas (polygons)
Images (raster)TIFF DEM Grids
An x,y valueAn x,y value
A series of x,y locationsA series of x,y locations
A closed series of x,y locationsA closed series of x,y locations
Project overview figure
Key Terms
Feature Class - PointsFeature Class - Points
An x,y locationAn x,y location
Feature Class - LineFeature Class - Line
A series of x,y locationsA series of x,y locations
Feature Class - Area (polygons)Feature Class - Area (polygons)
A series of x,y locations that are closedA series of x,y locations that are closed
Introduction to ArcViewIntroduction to ArcView
What is it?
How does it work?
Analysis
• Attribute Query – Non Spatial Analysis• Spatial Query
– Spatial Join– Theme on Theme
• Within a distance• Are completely within
• Buffer Analysis• Boolean Analysis (Raster)
Data ManagementData Management
MetadataMetadata
ScaleScale Why doesn’t my data fit?Why doesn’t my data fit?
ProjectionProjection Why doesn’t my data fit?Why doesn’t my data fit?
Data CreationData CreationWhy doesn’t my data fit?Why doesn’t my data fit?
MetadataMetadata is data about your data.is data about your data.is data about your data.is data about your data.
Data InputData Input
Various methods:Various methods:
DigitizeDigitize Digitize TabletDigitize TabletOn Screen digitizingOn Screen digitizingDigitize in a desktop typeDigitize in a desktop type programprogram
ScanningScanning
Take from other sourceTake from other source
What is availableWhat is availablein additional training ?in additional training ?
University of Nevada, RenoUniversity of Nevada, RenoIntroduction To G I SIntroduction To G I S Spring / Fall Spring / Fall
Short course in GIS Short course in GIS SummerSummer
TMCC - TMCC - Various short courses in ArcViewVarious short courses in ArcView
WNCC - WNCC - Intro To GIS, FallIntro To GIS, Fall
E.S.R.I. -E.S.R.I. - Various week long classes Various week long classes
Internet classes - www.esri.comInternet classes - www.esri.comSome other locations in CanadaSome other locations in Canada
GIS questions: [email protected] questions: [email protected]
Recommended Books
• “Getting to Know ArcView GIS” by Pat Breslin, Nick Frunzi, Eileen Napoleon, and Tim Ormsby
• “ArcView Exercise Book”, by Pat Hohl with Brad Mayo
What is the question ?What is the question ?
Find all the areas of possible avalancheFind all the areas of possible avalanchewhere where southsouth facing facing slopesslopes are are
greater than 30%, and are within 150 meters greater than 30%, and are within 150 meters of a major of a major roadroad..
Do your r
esults
see
m
Do your r
esults
see
m
reas
onable
?
reas
onable
?
Data ManipulationData Manipulation
Data that intersects other dataData that intersects other data
Data that falls within a distance of other dataData that falls within a distance of other data
Two data layers joined together to Two data layers joined together to produce another data layerproduce another data layer
How do you want others How do you want others to view your results?to view your results?
In ArcViewIn ArcView ->-> ->-> ->-> LayoutsLayouts
Who is your audience ?Who is your audience ?What colors or line type presents What colors or line type presents
my results best?my results best?