Introduction to Disaster Management

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Introduction to DisasterManagement



HPC ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANS

BACKGROUND, APPROACHES,

STRATEGIES AND PROSPECTS



WHY A HIGH POWERED COMMITTEE?

India is one of the most disaster prone countries, vulnerable to almost

all natural and man made disasters.

A bout 85% area is vulnerable to one or multiple disasters and

about 57% area is in high seismic zone including the capital of

the country.

There is an enormous loss of life and property every year by these

calamities.

UN declared 1999-2000 as IDNDR ± and the focus of decade was

that all countries should have their disaster management plan at

national, state and district level.

India also has a ContingencyAction Plan at a national level. Wehave disaster relief manuals at state level and disaster plans at

district level but these plans are not updated and mainly focus

only on relief and now the Government¶s focus is on preparedness

and mitigation.



The High Powered Committee (HPC) was

constituted in August 1999 under the

chairmanship of J.C. Pant.

The mandate of the HPC is to preparecomprehensive model plans for disaster management at the national, state and districtlevels.

This is the first attempt in India towards asystematic comprehensive and holistic look at all disasters.



Terms of reference of HPC are:

Review of existing arrangements for

preparedness and mitigation of natural

and manmade disasters.

Recommendations for strengthening

existing organizational structures.

Preparation of model disaster management plans at the national, state

and district levels.



Important aspects for consideration of HPC are:

Measures for efficient forecasting and warning.

Existing system of response mechanism in the wake of natural and

man-made disasters at all levels of government and steps to

minimize the response time through effective communication and

measures to ensure adequacy of relief operations.

Development programs related to mitigation of disaster management in different areas and priorities and strategies for

inclusion of disaster reduction components in the on-going

plan/non-plan schemes.

Measures of intensive training for building human resources to

improve awareness and capabilities.

Public awareness programs to build up society¶s resilience to

disasters.

Pro-active measures for disaster preparedness and mitigation ±

administrative, financial, legislative and techno-legal.



Measures and programs to harness the state-of-art IT for effective

communication network..

Networking mechanism by government/non-government

organization..

Updating of codes, manuals, disaster management plans, items of

relief, norms of assistance of State Governments.. Examining house-building practices/codes and mechanisms for

hazard zonation surveys..

Structural measures for disaster mitigation and preparedness ±

improving design of check dam¶s rising, relocation of flood-prone

villages, renovation/de-silting of ponds, improved emergencydraining systems.

Any other matters incidental or related to natural and man-made

disasters.



Planning components ± subgroups set up by HPC

Efforts towards integration of concerned agenciesdepartments/Ministers, NGOs, professionals

institutions like IIT¶s, IIM¶s, CSIR Labs, and

educational institutions like NCERT, AIU.

Subgroups:

1. Water and climate related hazards

2. Geological hazards

3. Chemical/Industrial/nuclear disasters4. Accident related disasters

5. Biological disasters.



Planning Process

The trigger mechanism has been

conceptualized as an `emergency quick

response mechanism¶ which sets intomotion the required prevention and

mitigation measures without any loss of

time with the primary objective of reducing

to the extent possible, the human miseryand loss of resources.



Concept of trigger mechanism

A committee has been set up to discuss the

concept of trigger mechanism under the

chairmanship of Director General, CivilDefense.

The committee will consider the trigger

mechanism in preparedness and mitigationfor disasters.



Mapping Missions

A committee has been constituted on

mapping mission under chairmanship of

Ramesh Chandra, ex-chairman CWC, todeliberate on mapping of vulnerable zones

for different types of disasters.

Microzonation of multiple hazard zones inthe country.



Thirty odd disasters are identified by HPC, which

can be grouped into five categories based on generic

considerations.

1. Water and Climate

Floods

Cyclones Tornadoes and hurricanes

Hailstorms

Cloudburst

Heat wave and cold wave

Snow avalanches

Droughts

Sea erosion

Thunder lightning.



2. Geological

Landslides and mudflows Earthquakes

Large fire, dam failures and dam bursts

Mine fires

3. Biological

Epidemics

Pest attacks

Cattle epidemics

Food poisoning

4. Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear

Chemical and Industrial and Nuclear



5. Accidental

Forest fires

Urban fires

Mine flooding

Oil spill Major building collapse

Serial bomb blasts, festival related disasters

Electrical disasters and fires

Air, road and rail accidents

Bomb capsizing

Village fire.



NGO Consultation

NGOs play a major role in disaster relief andrehabilitation

Their role and responsibilities in disaster

preparedness and mitigation should also be

identified and documented in specific plans.

HPC is planning a nationwide network of NGOs

for greater synergy.

National level NGO consultation held at IIPA on

A pril 21-22, 2000.

Four NGO meets planned in east, west, north, and

south to cover NGOs of the country.



Disaster Management Planning:Concerns of HPC

Four levels of plan preparation.

Provision for immediate action followingthe declaration of level is imperative.

Creation and management of an intelligent

integrated database, which should beupdated for a focused, measured and fine-

tuned information for quick and effective

response in a disaster situation.



Disaster Management Planning:

Concerns of HPC (Contd.)

K nowledge-based learning process should be encouraged

for better information:

± Traditional and local knowledge

± Advanced scientific information The response mechanism of the Civil Defense set-up can

be utilized for disaster response and mitigation.

Examination of the scope and possibilities of disaster

insurance.

The effort of the HPC is not to develop a plan de novo but

to ensure constant consolidation, upgradation, updating and

rehearsal.



Emerging Action Points of HPC (Contd.)

Preparation of source book.

Involvement of private sector: Involvement

of FICCI, ASSOCHAM, CII, Chambers of Commerce mooted.

International dimensions in disaster

management plans:

± Bilateral/mutual sharing of information.

± Cooperation

± HRD



Focal Issues

Prevention and mitigation ± direction towardsreduction:

± Preparedness ± Response

Focal Concerns

Equity

Quality of relief

Non-discrimination between recipients.

Attention to vulnerable sections of society ± geriatric age group, physically or otherwise

challenged people, women and children etc.



The Four Levels of Planning

Level 0: Development phase of monitoring and

preparedness.

Level 1: Disasters that can be handled at the district

level.

Level 2: Higher intensity disasters that have to be

handled at the State Government level.

Level 3: Very severe disasters where intervention of

the Center becomes imperative.



EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS /

PLANN

ING

Emergency - unforeseen combination of circumstance or the resulting state that callsfor immediate action.

Disaster - a sudden calamitous event bringinggreat damage, loss or destruction.

Not all emergencies are disasters.

Degree & effectiveness of preparedness spellthe difference between emergency & disaster



WH Y IS AN EMERGENCY

PREPAREDNESS PROGR AMNECESS ARY?

EMERGENCIES C AN & DO OCCUR.

PROTECTION - PREPARE IN ADVANCE

C ASE STUD Y : UNEX PECTEDOCCURRENCE.

Boston Massachusetts. Jan 15th 1919



90 Foot - high metal tank, 282 ft circumference

storage of molasses by purity distillingcompany

Burst

21 People dead, drowned suffocated

DIS ASTER PREPAREDNESSS & EMERGENCY PLANNING - NECESSITY



Besides Section 41 B (4) of Factories act

1948 and Rules 13 of MSIHC rules underEPA 1986 necessities preparation of OnSite Emergency plan.

However, Preparation & implementationof Emergency Control Management Planfor such eventuality is not substitute formaintaining good working standards of H.S. & E.

It is always better to be prepared forworst when we expect the worse to come.



OBJECTIVE:The objective of preparation of On SiteEmergency Control Management Plan is to makemaximum use of available resources of man,

machinery & material to

Safe guard people

Avoid damage to environment

Minimize damage to property. Provide treatment to injured.

Prevent further escalation of emergency.

Provide adequate guidelines for critical jobs.



SCOPE:

The On Site Emergency Control Management Planis partial fulfillment of requirement of Section41(B) 4 of factories Act 1948 & Rule 13 of MSIHC rules 1989 under EPA 1986.

Essential features of this plan are:

Identification of Key personnel & their specificresponsibilities during emergency.

Listing of available resource, their location &stock.

Nature of emergencies, Steps to control it &prevent its escalation.

Communication, training of personnel and mockrehearsal.

Inventories of hazardous chemicals.



DISASTER MA NAGEMENT

A. minimize risk occurrence -

prevention

B. rapidly control & contain -emergency response

C. effectively rehabilitate - restoration

recovery



C AUSES OF DIS ASTERS

Inplant emergencies Emergencies in nearby industries

Natural calamities

war, sabotage, riot

DIFF./ PH ASES OF DIS ASTERS. Warning phase

Period of impact

Rescue phase

Relief phase

Rehabilitation phase - longest



SH AK RUBASTI DIS ASERNEW

DELH

I - 15TH

MA Y

1983.

L.P.G. Bottling plant - I.O.C.

When plant commissioned - no human

settlements

Now several residential colonies around.

13,000 Cylinders/day filled.

Sequencing of events leading to disaster Origin : cylinder repair area 400 defective

cylinders



24+1 Injured

4 Dead 3 Crores - economic loss

Short comings :

No pre - fire alarms

No gas detection monitors No proper hydrants or sprinkler system

No trained persons in fire fighting

No protective clothing

No full time security officer

No first aid



TYPE OF EMERGENCIES INSIDE THEFACTORY

In this emergencies considered areindustrial emergencies that may bearising out of failure of plant due tosome manual fault, natural calamity or

sabotage. Situation arising due to aboveproblems may lead to mainly.

1) Fire

2) Explosion3) Spillage of chemical

4) Injuries to personnel

5) All or any combination of the above.



TR ANS APELL Process Based on UNEPs Awareness and

Preparedness for emergencies at Local

Level{APELL} programme Launched in 1988 in connection withGovernments and with the chemical industry

APELL addresses all emergencies related toindustrial or commercial operations with apotential for fire, explosion, spills or releasesof hazardous materials



Goals To create or increase community

awareness

Of possible hazards involved with themanufacture, handling and use of hazardouschemicals

Of steps taken by authorities and industry to

protect the community from those hazards To develop emergency response plans in

cooperation with local communities

Risks associated with transportation is also

looked into

Introduction to Disaster Management

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