Introduction to Carbon Chemistry
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Introduction to Introduction to Carbon Chemistry Carbon Chemistry Honors Physical Honors Physical Science Science Ms. Mandel Ms. Mandel
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Introduction to Carbon Chemistry. Honors Physical Science Ms. Mandel. D13 Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the types of bonds it forms in organic and inorganic molecules. Learning Targets. I can explain why carbon can form many different compounds. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Introduction to Carbon Chemistry
Introduction to Carbon Introduction to Carbon ChemistryChemistry
Honors Physical ScienceHonors Physical Science
Ms. MandelMs. Mandel
D13D13Explain how the structure of Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the the carbon atom affects the types of bonds it forms in types of bonds it forms in organic and inorganic organic and inorganic molecules.molecules.
Learning TargetsLearning Targets
I can explain why carbon can form I can explain why carbon can form many different compounds.many different compounds.
I can differentiate between the I can differentiate between the different types of hydrocarbons.different types of hydrocarbons.
I can differentiate between the I can differentiate between the different carbon backbones.different carbon backbones.
CARBONCARBON
Why can Carbon form so many Why can Carbon form so many different bonds?different bonds?
4 valence e-4 valence e- Relatively small sizeRelatively small size
en.petitchef.com
crystalmaker.com
Single covalent bonds
Double covalent bonds
Triple covalent bonds
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_With_a_Biological_Emphasis/Chapter__1%3A_Chapter_1%3A_Introduction_to_organic_structure_and_bonding_I/Section_4%3A_Functional_groups_and_organic_nomenclature
What types of bonds can What types of bonds can Carbon form?Carbon form?
What is special about the What is special about the properties of Carbon?properties of Carbon?
Can form long chains of atomsCan form long chains of atoms Can form an almost infinite variety of Can form an almost infinite variety of
compoundscompounds The “backbone” of almost every The “backbone” of almost every
molecule that living organisms make molecule that living organisms make or useor use
dwb4.unl.edu
Identify 3 molecules containing Identify 3 molecules containing carbon that living organisms make or carbon that living organisms make or
useuse DNADNA– Genetic traitsGenetic traits
Makes you youMakes you you
ProteinsProteins– EnzymesEnzymes– Components of muscles, skin, and other Components of muscles, skin, and other
organsorgans CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
– StarchesStarches– SugarsSugars
Learning Target CheckpointLearning Target Checkpoint
Why can carbon form many different Why can carbon form many different compounds?compounds?
INORGANIC VS. ORGANICINORGANIC VS. ORGANICCHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry
The study of compounds that do not The study of compounds that do not contain carboncontain carbon
There are exceptionsThere are exceptions– COCO22
– Diamonds (pure C)Diamonds (pure C)
Inorganic compoundsInorganic compounds
Includes salts, metals, substances Includes salts, metals, substances made from single elements and any made from single elements and any other compounds that don't contain other compounds that don't contain carbon bonded to hydrogen. carbon bonded to hydrogen.
Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
The study of carbon-containing The study of carbon-containing compounds compounds
Almost all contain C – H bondsAlmost all contain C – H bonds Found in living thingsFound in living things
– DNADNA– Sugar (plants)Sugar (plants)
There are exceptionsThere are exceptions– Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds
CAS Substance CAS Substance Database has Database has almost 24 million almost 24 million organic organic compoundscompounds
CAS REGISTRYSM, is the only integrated, comprehensive source of chemical information from a full range of disclosed material including patents, journals, and reputable web sources.
When you need to positively identify a chemical substance, you can rely on the authoritative source for chemical names and structures of CAS REGISTRY.
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Organic compounds that consist of Organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms only C and H atoms
NonpolarNonpolar Poor conductors of electricityPoor conductors of electricity Don’t dissolve in water – Why?Don’t dissolve in water – Why? Typically found deep beneath the Typically found deep beneath the
EarthEarth Fossil fuelsFossil fuels
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
AlkanesAlkanes AlkenesAlkenes AlkynesAlkynes
AlkanesAlkanes All the Carbon to Carbon (C to C)
bonds are single bonds Basic molecular formula is CnH2n+2
Cycloalkanes (ring-shaped) have the formula CCnnHH2n2n
Methane CH4 Pentane C5H12 Nonane C9H20
Ethane C2H6 Hexane C6H14 Decane C10H22
Propane C3H8 Heptane C7H16
Butane C4H10 Octane C8H18
How would you draw ethane?
How would you name C6H14?
Hexane
How would you name the structure below?
Octane
AlkenesAlkenes
One or more carbon-carbon double One or more carbon-carbon double bondsbonds
General formula CGeneral formula CnnHH2n2n
How would you draw butene?
How would you name C2H4?
Ethene
How would you name the structure below?
Propene
AlkynesAlkynes At least one triple bond between two carbon At least one triple bond between two carbon
atomsatoms Having the formula CHaving the formula CnnHH2n-22n-2
http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/chemintro/ch/ch16a.html
How would you draw 2-butyne?
How would you name C8H14?
Octyne
How would you name the structure below?
Ethyne
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated vs. Unsaturated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Saturated HydrocarbonsSaturated Hydrocarbons
Composed entirely of single bonds Composed entirely of single bonds and are and are saturatedsaturated with hydrogen with hydrogen
AlkanesAlkanes
Unsaturated HydrocarbonsUnsaturated Hydrocarbons
Have one or more double or triple Have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. bonds between carbon atoms.
AlkenesAlkenes AlkynesAlkynes
Learning Target CheckpointLearning Target Checkpoint
How do you differentiate between How do you differentiate between alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes?cycloalkanes?
How do you differentiate between How do you differentiate between saturated and unsaturated saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?hydrocarbons?
Carbon BackbonesCarbon Backbones
Carbon atoms can form long Carbon atoms can form long “backbones” of large molecules.“backbones” of large molecules.
Carbon BackbonesCarbon Backbones
Straight ChainStraight Chain
Branched ChainBranched Chain
Rings or CyclicRings or Cyclic
Cross-linked ChainsCross-linked Chains
Carbon chains linked togetherCarbon chains linked together
http://www.csun.edu/science/standards/science/physical-sci-8/files/3.5.2-polymers.pdf
Learning Target CheckpointLearning Target Checkpoint
How can you differentiate between How can you differentiate between the different carbon backbones?the different carbon backbones?
IsomersIsomers
Have the same chemical formula but Have the same chemical formula but differ in the way the atoms are differ in the way the atoms are arranged.arranged.
C4H10
