Organic Chemistry. The chemistry of carbon compounds Sometimes called carbon chemistry.
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Transcript of Organic Chemistry. The chemistry of carbon compounds Sometimes called carbon chemistry.
Carbon Chemistry•Carbon is one of the only elements that can form long chains
•Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
Organic Chemistry•Carbon forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens
Nomenclature•Prefix: Indicates # of carbons in the group
•Suffix: Indicates the type of organic compd
Organic Prefixes•1 = meth- 6 = hex-
•2 = eth- 7 = hept-
•3 = prop- 8 = oct-
•4 = but- 9 = non-
•5 = pent- 10 = dec-
Organic Suffixes• -ane Sat hydrocarbon• -ene DB hydrocarbon• -yne TB hydrocarbon• -ol Alcohol• -one Ketone etc
Alkanes•All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane
•Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain
Alkanes1 = methane 6 = hexane
2 = ethane 7 = heptane
3 = propane 8 = octane
4 = butane 9 = nonane
5 = pentane 10 = decane
Branched Chains
•When an alkane chain gets another hydrocarbon group substituted onto it
•Branches: sidechains
1) Find the longest continuous carbon chain & name it as the main chain. The final name will end with the naming of the main chain
2) Number each carbon in the chain; so that, the side chains will be connected to the lowest possible numbers on the carbons
3) Name the side chains or substituted groups, & precede them with the # of the carbon they are connected to & a dash
4) If identical groups appear more than once, use prefixes: di for 2, tri for 3, tetra for 4, penta for 5, etc Examples: dimethyl, tripropyl, etc
5) Name the sidechains or groups in alphabetical order, but ignore the prefixes when doing so
·Examples: ethyl comes before dimethyl, e < m
6) Separate numbers with commas, use hyphens between words & numbers, and write the alkanes as one word
·Example: dimethylhexane
Deriving Structures from Names
• Draw the main chain first–Look the name ending
• Draw the branches–Look the # & group name
Draw:• 3,4-diethyl-2-methyloctane
• 2,3,5-trimethylhexane
• 5-butyl-3-ethyl-2,6,8-trimethyl-4-propyldecane