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Introduction to

Biotechnology

Lecture 1

By: Miss KasthuriJewarethnam

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BiotechnologyBiotechnology helps to

meet our basic needs.Food, clothing, shelter,

health and saety

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BiotechnologyImpro!ements by using

science"cience helps in

production plants, animalsand other organisms

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Biotechnology#sing scientiic processes

to get new organisms ornew products rom

organisms.

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Biotechnology $lso used in

maintaining a gooden!ironment that

promotes our wellbeing

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BiotechnologyLarge area

Includes manyapproaches and methods

in science and technology

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MultidisciplinaryIn!ol!es many disciplines or

branches o learningIncludes all areas o Lie

"ciences %biology,

mathematics, physics,

chemistry and engineering

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&eneral 'einition(he application o technology to impro!

 a biological organism

'etailed 'einition(he application o the technology to

modiy the biological unction o an

organism by adding genes rom

another organism

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"ome o the ields where biotechnology

studies are applicable are as ollows:

MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE:  IND!TRIAL RE!EARCH AND

DE"EL#$MENT

A%RICLTRE AND ANIMALEN"IR#NMENT

 $pplications o Biotechnology

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Medicine "ome new

de!elopments

del!e into the

hereditary material

o humans )nownas gene therapy

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Medicine (herapeutant * product used to

maintain health or pre!entdisease

Biopharmaceuticals % drug or

!accine de!eloped throughbiotechnology

+alled designer drugs

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Medicine Biopharming % production o

pharmaceuticals in culturedorganisms

+ombination o the

agriculture andpharmaceutical industries

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Medicine+ertain blood % deri!ed

products needed in humanmedicine can be produced

in the mil) o goats

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Food and Be!erages #se o technology in

producing and processing "ome biotech principles ha!e

been employed or hundredso years % ermentation

east in ba)ing bread

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Food and Be!.&enetically

altered crops rB&- mil)

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n!ironment $ny biotechnological process

that may promote a gooden!ironment

/rganisms de!eloped during the

gul war to 0eat oil /rganism used in gold mining to0eat contaminants

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n!ironmental 2roblems naturally sol!ed by

microorganisms such asbacteria, ungi brea) downcontaminant into a orm lessharmul or not harmul

 $ process )nown asbioremediation

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 $gricultural and

Forestry2lant biotech $nimal biotech

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 $gricultural 3iewMil) production

4ew horticultural andornamental plants

5ildlie, a6uaculture, naturalresources and en!ironmentalmanagement

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2lant biotech Impro!e plants and the

products produced rom them Insect and disease resistance

ngineered to ha!e desired

characteristics

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2lant biotech+orn plant produced with

high le!els o the aminoacid Lysine

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 $nimal Biotech Impro!e animals or the

products they produce $nimals may be used to

produce products thatpromote human health

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 $nimal Biotech

Increase producti!ity

2igs engineered toproduce human

hemoglobin

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Important terms inbiotechnology&enetic engineering

+loning

Molecular biotechnology

(ransgenic

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Molecular Biotech+hanging the genetic ma)e*up

o an organism

 $ltering the structure and parts

o cells

+omple78

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+loning2rocess o producing a neworganism rom cells or tissues o

e7isting organism.199 cloned sheep % 0'olly in

dinburgh "cotland

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Molecular Biotech#ses genetic engineering,

molecular mapping and similar

processes

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&enetic ngineering+hanging the geneticinormation in a cell

"peciic trait o one organismmay be isolated,cut, and mo!edinto the cell o another organism

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(ransgenic;esults o &en.

ng are said to be

0transgenic

&enetic material

in an organismhas been altered

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#ses o Biotechnology -elps meet human needs

Food, clothing and shelter  2lants and animals are used

in manuacturing ood,clothing and materials orshelter 

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#sed to ma)e products

more useul or desirable7: con!ersion o mil) into

cheese or yogurt

#ses o Biotechnology

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"ome o the ields o speciali

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In recent times, biotechnology as a sub=ect

has grown rapidly

>ualiied biotechnologists are employed inleading business companies,

pharmaceutical companies, chemical 

industries, bio*processing industries,

agriculture related industries and pollution

control acti!ities o the ma=or industries etc.

Career $rospects 

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(-$4K /#88