Introduction to Biogas Projects - biyogaz.web.tr1).pdf · • Steps to be followed to implement a...
Transcript of Introduction to Biogas Projects - biyogaz.web.tr1).pdf · • Steps to be followed to implement a...
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety sup ports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bunde stag.
Dr. Dunja Hoffmann, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbHAnkaraAnkaraAnkaraAnkara, , , , 11.05.201111.05.201111.05.201111.05.2011
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1. Biogas-Training
IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction totototo Biogas ProjectsBiogas ProjectsBiogas ProjectsBiogas Projects
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Starting point of the projectStarting point of the projectStarting point of the projectStarting point of the projectEnvironmental problem: Waste from livestock and waste water from agro Environmental problem: Waste from livestock and waste water from agro Environmental problem: Waste from livestock and waste water from agro Environmental problem: Waste from livestock and waste water from agro
industry is responsible for:industry is responsible for:industry is responsible for:industry is responsible for:
• Water pollution
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Smell
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
2 level approach of the project?2 level approach of the project?2 level approach of the project?2 level approach of the project?2. Local level: Industrial pilot 2. Local level: Industrial pilot 2. Local level: Industrial pilot 2. Local level: Industrial pilot
biogas plants in the regionsbiogas plants in the regionsbiogas plants in the regionsbiogas plants in the regions• Support of the local government agencies
and farmers capacities: Technical advisory for modernization of the agriculture, barns and construction of infrastructure and biogas
• Biogas investment trough private sector/investor
• Using German Know-How and technology • Technical and financial support for holistic
biogas concept biogas concepts (Feasibility studies, business planes, investment and operation models, construction support)
• Enforcement of the environmental laws
1. National 1. National 1. National 1. National levellevellevellevel: : : : Promoting Promoting Promoting Promoting Framework conditionsFramework conditionsFramework conditionsFramework conditions
� Development of a national biogas strategy
� Dialogue with political decision makers, private sector, science NGOs,
� Integration of sustainable biogas (waste, energy, fertilizer) in laws and regulations
� Capacity Building on national level (building up an neutral biogas/bioenergy institution)
� Private investment strategy for biogas (also PPP)
� Using german Know-How and technology
� Monitoring of impact
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Bioenergy projects in international Bioenergy projects in international Bioenergy projects in international Bioenergy projects in international cooperationcooperationcooperationcooperation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Structure• GIZ in the Energy-Area and Biogas-Projects world wide• General Information on Biogas production• Important aspects for planning and development of biogas
projects• Important questions for implementing biogas potentials• Steps to be followed to implement a biogas project• Important parts and equipment of a industrial size biogas plant• Main steps to calculate a biogas plant technically and
economically
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
GTZ Services for Energy – Regional DistributionEnergy Projects 2009
Dr. Dunja Hoffmann, Münster, 7.5.2009
Ongoing
Projektportfolio:81 Vorhaben in 42 Ländern(Vol.: 230 million €)
• Asien / Pazifik: 36%
• Afrika: 26%
• Lateinamerika & Karibik: 24%
• Südosteuropa,Kaukasus, Zentralasien 10%
• Mittelmeer & Naher Osten: 4% Biogas components
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Areas of action in the energy sector� Energy access/basic energy
� Cooking energy� Rural electrification
� Strategic processes, Energy and Climate protection� International Processes and Networks� Energy planning� Carbon markets / Emission trading
� Renewable Energy� Wind energy � Bioenergy � Hydropower
� Mini-Hydropower� Sustainable large Hydropower
� Solar energy � Others (Geothermal, …)
� Energy Efficiency� EE in Buildings� EE in Equipment� EE in the Industry� EE in therm. Power plants
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
GTZ – Targets of Energy Projects• Overarching goal: Poverty reduction
• Cover basic energy needs to improve living conditions
• Secure a sustainable economic development • Reduce dependency on energy imports
• Reduce environmental damage• Implement international conventions (i.e. Kyoto Protocol)
• Improve technical/organizational capacities of institutions and experts
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
GTZ StrategyGoal: Sustainable Alignment of the Goal: Sustainable Alignment of the Goal: Sustainable Alignment of the Goal: Sustainable Alignment of the
Energy SectorEnergy SectorEnergy SectorEnergy Sector
• Demand-side orientation• Support of endogenous capabilities
and possibilities
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
GTZ Instruments and Levels of Intervention
International Level
Macro Level
Meso Level
Micro Level
� bilateral partnerships� renewables2004� REN21 (www.ren21.net)
� developing appropriate sector and cross-sector policies
� national and regional energy planning� integrating energy efficiency and
renewable energy promotion policies
� institutions building� organizing multi-stakeholder initiatives� supporting private sector activities (PPP)
� training/capacity building� pilot dissemination of new technologies� business development support� audits, study tours, seminars C
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This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
The GIZ – Multi level approach for Renewable Energy
MacroLevel
Mikro Level
MesoLevel
Policy consultancy to implement RE-ProjectsNational and regional Energy planningSupport of the RE-Markte by political targets
Development of service systems and institutionsOrganization of Multi-Stakeholder InitiativesSupport of PPP-Activities
Training, capacity buildingDevelopment and Implementiation of diefferenmodel projekts with multiplication charakterSupport for business development
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
IPCC-Technology-CycleCompatibility of GIZ-Activities in multi level approach
•
Makro
•Meso
•Mikro
Basic Science Applied Science and
DevelopmentDemonstration Market -
introduction Market coverage
Energy and Transport policy
Strategy development RE & EnEff
Feed in conditions, Tarif systems
R&D-Policy for climate frendlyTechnologies
Environmental standards
Cooperation with Science
Techn.Standards, Norms, Meassuring, Quality control l
Technology consulting and Information
Financing systems
PPP-measures to implement innovative Technologies
Technical an economic project planning
Support of dissemination of newtechnologies
Tax incentives, Subventions
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Objective: Bilateral TC to adapt and disseminate RE T� Analyses of potentials and framework conditions� Set-up of programmes for decentralised rural electrif ication� Technology transfer, market tests, models of financ ing, quality
control
� Electrification level less than 15%
� High share of fossil power plants
� Large potential for wind and solar energy
� Active private sector
� National programme for rural electrification with f inancing system
� 30,000 villages to be electrified� Capital and service jobs substitute fuel imports� 50 MW wind realised by private sector (additional:20 0 MW)
� 250 MW wind saves 500,000 t CO2/a
� 250 MW wind parks = 300 Mill. $ investments
Example: Special Energy Program (SEP) Morocco
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Renewable Energy Project in ChileRenewable Energy Project in ChileRenewable Energy Project in ChileRenewable Energy Project in Chile
Basic Data
Objective: Increase the percentage of renewable energies in the electrical grid to provide disctrib ution security
Partner: Comisión Nacional de Energías - CNE
Start of the project: Agosto 2004
Duration: until October 2010
Budget: 4,2 Mío €
Financing: BMZ
Focus areas� Optimization of legal framework conditions by political
consultancy� Optimization of the investment climate for RE by
support mechanisms and information� Capacity Development in the public sector
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
16
Source: SEIA, CNE, own elaboration
In the last 2 years projects with a total capacity of more than 1.900 MW have been introduced to theDIA.
Projects in the environmental approval process (SEIA) 2007 - Late 2008
Type Nº MW Investment(Mio. US$)
BaselineSIC-SING
(2007)
Hydro-power 33 269,4 389,03 117
Wind 22 1.531,4 2.832,35 18
Biomass 6 111,6 244,00 191
Total 61 1.912 3.465,38 326
WhenWhenWhenWhen allallallall thethethethe projectsprojectsprojectsprojects are are are are implementedimplementedimplementedimplemented, 3.4 , 3.4 , 3.4 , 3.4 MioMioMioMio. t . t . t . t CO2 - Emissions can can can can bebebebe savedsavedsavedsaved. . . .
Nº: 54%
Nº: 36%
Nº: 10%MW: 14%
MW: 80%
MW: 6%
Projects entered into the Environmental Impact Assessment Evaluation System
(SEIA)2007 - late 2008
Hydropower Wind Biomass
Results for the protection of the climate
RenewableRenewableRenewableRenewable EnergiesEnergiesEnergiesEnergies Chile: Chile: Chile: Chile: OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
TERNA Wind Energy Results
Wind measure-
ments
Feasibilitystudies
Political consul-tancy
Results
AsiaAsiaAsiaAsia SitesSitesSitesSites SitesSitesSitesSites
Bangladesch 3 0,9 MW implementes
China 1 1 TZ-program Wind, Legal framweork
Jordan 2 2 90 MW in tender process
AfricaAfricaAfricaAfrica
Ethiopia 9 3 120 MW in legal process, legal framework.
Mali 1 1 Interest of investors
Marocco 3 60 MW implemented, 740 MW planned
Namibia 2 2 Interest of investors
Senegal 2 ongoing 50 MW Study, Interest of investors
Southafrika GridGridGridGrid studystudystudystudy Political, technical and legal framework.
LatinamericaLatinamericaLatinamericaLatinamerica
Colombia 1 1 20 MW implemented, 200-400 MW planned
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
What do we support?
TERNA – Phase 2
Windparks withTERNA-participation80 MW am 80 MW am 80 MW am 80 MW am ImplementedImplementedImplementedImplemented approxapproxapproxapprox. 120 Mio. . 120 Mio. . 120 Mio. . 120 Mio. €€€€
120 MW in 120 MW in 120 MW in 120 MW in construcctionconstrucctionconstrucctionconstrucction 210 Mio. 210 Mio. 210 Mio. 210 Mio. €€€€390 MW in tendering740 MW en planification
Effect 330 Mio.330 Mio.330 Mio.330 Mio.€€€€ / 4 Mio./ 4 Mio./ 4 Mio./ 4 Mio.€€€€ = 75= 75= 75= 751.000 Mio.1.000 Mio.1.000 Mio.1.000 Mio.€€€€ / 4 Mio./ 4 Mio./ 4 Mio./ 4 Mio.€€€€ = 250 !!= 250 !!= 250 !!= 250 !!
SustainabilitySustainabilitySustainabilitySustainabilityMaroccoMaroccoMaroccoMarocco: : : : pol. Aim and planification to implement 1000 MW until 2012EthiopiaEthiopiaEthiopiaEthiopia: Development of a national planification and implementaion and technology transfer by PPPChina: China: China: China: own wind energy program for technology cooperation, capacity developmentSouthafrikaSouthafrikaSouthafrikaSouthafrika: : : : Western Cape planns implementation, ESKOM support of planning of implementation
process on national level.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
General aspects on biogas
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biological process of biogas production
fermentative Bacteria
Acetic acid building bacteria
Methane building bacteria
Biogas (esp. Methane and
carbon dioxide)
Acetic acids Hydrogen
Sugar, organic acids,
alcoholes
Degradable organic material
Vereinfachte Darstellung des Abbaus organischer Substanz bei der BiogasgewinnungQuelle: FNR (2002)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Typical areas where biogas is produced
• Waste water treatment plants• Landfills• Agriculture – especifically in diary farms and
meat production• Industry with organic residues
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Waste water treatment
• Two general types of water treatment– Aerob � treatment with oxigen� the sludges still
contain degradable biomass– Anaerob � witout oxigen � production of metae �
sludges are stabilized
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogas in landfills and dumpsites
• Organic material is degrading � non controlledproduction of gas with high methane content
• Landfills are in many countries obligated tocapture the landfill gas
• Burning of this gas reduces greenhouse gas emissions
• Energy can also be used
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Types of biogas plants for solid residues
� Individual plants� Cooperation Plants
� Different farmers or� Integration of other partners, such as investors, external
substrate deliverer etc.� Agricultural plants
� use only agricultural residues (without external contamination)� Output of the plant is used for agricultural fertilizing
� Plants with organic residues� Municipal and industrial residues, sludges, fat separator etc.� Require hygenization (depending on law) to be used in
agriculture
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogasplant with cofermentation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Principio functional de una planta CHP
Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión de proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergía
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Motores de biogás como CHP´s
Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión de proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergía
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión de proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergía
Biogas yields by different substrates
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Gute Biogassubstrate
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión de proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergía
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestión de proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergíade proyectos de bioenergía
General framework for biogas plants� Enough substrates and cosubstrates
� For single farm plants >100 GV (German conditions)� The more the better
� Minor transport distances for common plants:� Manure 2-5 km � Renewable primary products up to 10 km� Wastes with disposal revenues up to 50 km
� Heat customer as close as possible (max. 1 km)� Access to feeding point for electricity
���� General conditions depend on legal framework for input material
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
GIZ Experience in the biogas area
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Types of Biogas projects
• By objective:– Poverty reduction by energy access– Waste water treatment by anerobic digestion– Reduction of CO2 emissions– Production of renewable energy– Generation of economic benefits
• By Inputs:– Agricultural Residues: Manure, dung, residues from animal feed etc.– Industrial residues: organic residues from food and feed proessing industry, from
pharmaceutical industry, slaughter houses etc.– Municipal Residues : Organic residues from housholds, separaded or non
separaded
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Types of Biogas projects
• By Technology– Low cost: mainly to use gas in decentral areas– Middle cost lagoon plants : for waste waters with high organic contend
and use of own energy content– High tech-Plants: For the optimized production of energy, mainly to sell
energy (in many cases to sell electricity to the grid)
• Technology– Wet fermentation– Dry fermentation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
What powerplants are relevant for the technicalcooperation?• From the past until now:
– Decentralized powerplants for the electricity generation for poor people, – Many powerplants in China, India, Nepal– Very little positive long-term experience in Africa and Latinamerica– Gtz had an approach in biogas with its institution GATE– Current: Comeback of biogas powerplant oriented towards the reduction of
poverty due to the rise of energy prices. • Today:
– Developing countries have own expierience in the field of anaerobic watertreatment � Reduction of environemental pollution, in many cases based on environmental laws.
– First powerplants exist, that uses agricultural waste for the electricity production, which is consumed within the company (eg Brazil, Thailand, China)
– CDM process makes the burning of landfill gas economical � from the energy point of view this is not always efficient
– The agricultural industry and economy discovered the energy potential of biogas and ask for the technology and knowledge
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Development of biogas priorities in the development cooperation
Increasing development / economic growth in countri es and regions
DecentralizedHoushold-plants
Aim: Electricity generation, cooking / lightingCountries: Nepal, India, China
Middle-Tech
Aim: Reduction of pollution / CDM and energy production for own use Countries: Brasili, China, Thailand, India
High-Tech
Aim: Efficient electricity generationand feed-in to the grid Coutries: China, Philippines, Chile, Turkey…
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Example: Biogas in Cambodia
• The insufficient access to reliable power is an important reason for poverty and low standards of living and results in low economic productivity of enterprises.
Objective of the project:• Improve the living conditions of people in the country by
using renewable energies
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Concept of the cooperation in CambodiaActivities at different levels:
Micro: Development and implementation of several pilot projects with multiplication character, PPP projects
Meso: Dissemination of information to entrepreneurs , training of service providers (especially in the fi eld of biogas)
Macro: Policy advice / Awareness raisingfor the implementation options of decentralized RE p rojects; preparation of models and experiences for the furth er spread ���� recommendations for the support of the RE market by political guidelines
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Current biogas projects: Thailand
• The topic biogas production already exists in Thailand for 20 years
• Used to clean water from the palm industry• Start the CDM technology with comparably
cheap technology • Problem: Efficiency reaches only 30% of the
expected � The adequate amount ofcertificates CDM (CER) is not received
• Therefore:– Development of an association to
support biogas plant operators– Implementation of monitoring systems
to improve the analysis (PPP with CDM developer First Climate)
– Participation of Thai operators anddevelopers in a GIZ workshop in China
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Current biogas projects: China
• More and more large projects are implemented in China, but the efficiency of the plants is very low.
• In cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture the project was developed
– „Use of bioenergy for heat and power production in the framework of technicalcooperation“
Renewable Energies:
Optimization of Efficient Biomass Utilization
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Vertical Support to Biogas-DEMO Projects
Component A: Support to 3-5 Biogas ‘best practice’ demonstration projects in 2-3 Provinces
EZ-approach in the SINO-German Biomass Utilization Project: ‘Renewable Energies – Optimization of Biomass Utilization’
Horizontal Support to ADB sub-projects
Component B: Capacity building, dissemination and r eplication for large scale biogas plants
Component C: Sector policy frameworkComponent D: Technical support to central and provi ncial PM for ADB Project implementation
Example:
Biogas in the GIZDr. Dunja Hoffmann17.02.2010
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Short List of 19 Demo project candidates and 7 Demo Projects proposals (green)*
7个示范项目短名单个示范项目短名单个示范项目短名单个示范项目短名单
Short List of 19 Demo project candidates and 7 Demo Projects proposals (green)*
7个示范项目短名单个示范项目短名单个示范项目短名单个示范项目短名单
Biomass Utilization Project MOA/GTZ China
see Annex 3: Preliminary short list of 7 SINO-GERMAN Demonstration Projects
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
2mn Chicken from 40 farms and 40.000 c/d processing Centralized co-fermentation project (chicken-chicken-sewage sludge from slaughterhouse)Cooperation capacity: high as partner of MC-Donalds , KFC, Japan and Europe, and the existing WWTP as a referenceADB+GEF+CEFPF+GTZ , NDRC (MOA support), private investors (DEG,)middle size 40.000t/yr, 0.9 MW, budget: 27.6 million CNY, Planner: FSR by Tianren, detail designer and BG te chnology to be decided Specific site requirement: in the JingHang water sup ply canal protection area, Provincial Training Center possible Main Risk: BG technology selection
Lunan – Yingtai, Shandong: ADB+GEF+CEFPF+GTZ Demopro ject chicken breeding and processing 山山山山东鲁南盈泰东鲁南盈泰东鲁南盈泰东鲁南盈泰((((肉鸡养殖和加工肉鸡养殖和加工肉鸡养殖和加工肉鸡养殖和加工))))Lunan – Yingtai, Shandong: ADB+GEF+CEFPF+GTZ Demopro ject chicken breeding and processing 山山山山东鲁南盈泰东鲁南盈泰东鲁南盈泰东鲁南盈泰((((肉鸡养殖和加工肉鸡养殖和加工肉鸡养殖和加工肉鸡养殖和加工))))
Biomass Utilization Project MOA/GTZ China Renew able Energy Programme
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
middle size, 20.000 pigs36.000 t/yr, 0.1 MW,
ADB (MOA support) 8 Million CHYfailed with UASB BGP investment in 2005
CDM: project too smallPlanner: not decidedMain Risk: small budget, low project owner motivati on towards GTZ TA
support.
Suichuan, Jiangxi, (middle size pig BGP)
江西遂川(中等江西遂川(中等江西遂川(中等江西遂川(中等规模猪场沼气工程规模猪场沼气工程规模猪场沼气工程规模猪场沼气工程))))
Suichuan, Jiangxi, (middle size pig BGP)
江西遂川(中等江西遂川(中等江西遂川(中等江西遂川(中等规模猪场沼气工程规模猪场沼气工程规模猪场沼气工程规模猪场沼气工程))))
Biomass Utilization Project MOA/GTZ China Renew able Energy Programme
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Partner:EnviTec Biogas AG; Malavalli Power Plant Private Limi ted – MPPPL; GTZObjective:Adaptation of the Envitec biogas technology to India n conditions, particularly by building reliable policy-makers for sustainable electricity supply through biogas.By 2012, implementation of 750 MW el
Measures: � Study of locally available biomass
resources and development of a "best practice" – model
� Monitoring of the construction of four plans (MW size) at various locations in India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab) -strong delay by delaying the start of construction
� Accompanying study of the social acceptance of the plants
IndiaIndiaIndiaIndia: PPP: PPP: PPP: PPP----Project Project Project Project withwithwithwith EnviTecEnviTecEnviTecEnviTec Biogas AGBiogas AGBiogas AGBiogas AG
� Assistance in determining
relevant framework requirements
� Comparison of technologies of
biogas plants in India, and Germany
� Analysis of the Input-materials
for biogas plants
� Training of the operating
personnel
� Sensitisation of decision makers
and other actors of the biomass
supply chain
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
IndiaIndiaIndiaIndia: PPP: PPP: PPP: PPP----Project Project Project Project withwithwithwith EnviTecEnviTecEnviTecEnviTec Biogas AGBiogas AGBiogas AGBiogas AGReasonsReasonsReasonsReasons totototo penetratepenetratepenetratepenetrate thethethethe Indian Indian Indian Indian marketmarketmarketmarket ((((accordingaccordingaccordingaccording totototo EnviTecEnviTecEnviTecEnviTec))))– Large Large Large Large electricityelectricityelectricityelectricity supplysupplysupplysupply gapgapgapgap in rural in rural in rural in rural areasareasareasareas– AppropriateAppropriateAppropriateAppropriate conditionsconditionsconditionsconditions andandandand financingfinancingfinancingfinancing optionsoptionsoptionsoptions– FeedFeedFeedFeed----in in in in tariffstariffstariffstariffs existentexistentexistentexistent– Favorable market situation with supporting loan programsFavorable market situation with supporting loan programsFavorable market situation with supporting loan programsFavorable market situation with supporting loan programs– CarbonCarbonCarbonCarbon CreditsCreditsCreditsCredits– Creation of jobs in the Creation of jobs in the Creation of jobs in the Creation of jobs in the bioenergybioenergybioenergybioenergy sectorsectorsectorsector– Establishment Establishment Establishment Establishment ofofofof furtherfurtherfurtherfurther industryindustryindustryindustry throughthroughthroughthrough thethethethe electrificationelectrificationelectrificationelectrification
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Chances of biogas projects
• Biogas is an option for different types of goals• Biogas can be used as an energy storage in different forms (direct
use of gas, heat energy, electrical energy, gas entering the grid, liquid, implementation as fuel)
• Biogas facilitates the use of waste that would otherwise cause environmental problems
• The substrate of a biogas plant can be used as fertilizer (High Quality)
• The plant size can be adapted to the need for the project.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Challenges
• Biogas projects need to be adapted to the location• Planning defines the efficiency of the plant• Operators must be trained• High efficiency and high quality technology require a higher investment• New markets mean challenges and technical adaptation to the requirements
of the country• German companies in the area of biogas currently do not depend on
markets in developing or emerging countries and thus have only limited motivation to develop projects in these countries
• The implementation of large scale projects on an economic base requires the installation of a structure for the operation and maintenance (Maintenance of engines and technical details)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Challenges in developing new biogas markets• Technical Technical Technical Technical feasibilityfeasibilityfeasibilityfeasibility � Availability of materials, know-how, local
institutions and personnel, will to implementation, technical adaptation to local conditions
• IIIInvestmentnvestmentnvestmentnvestment security security security security � legal and political framework• Economic framework conditions Economic framework conditions Economic framework conditions Economic framework conditions � sales possibilities for the
products (electricity, heat, gas, fertilizer, CO2 certificates, environmental services)
• SustainabilitySustainabilitySustainabilitySustainability � assurance of the sustainable operation, knowledge transfer
• Maintenance structures Maintenance structures Maintenance structures Maintenance structures � required minimum sizes, know-how• Cultural knowledge Cultural knowledge Cultural knowledge Cultural knowledge � avoid misunderstandings, create realistic
planning and implementation planning
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
The services offered by GIZ for new biogas markets
• Support of First-Movers through PPP-Projects • Development and promotionpromotionpromotionpromotion of business models• Capacity BuildingCapacity BuildingCapacity BuildingCapacity Building (project developers, staff for the construction, operation,
production of components)• Support for horizontal policy integrationhorizontal policy integrationhorizontal policy integrationhorizontal policy integration• Advice on grid feed inAdvice on grid feed inAdvice on grid feed inAdvice on grid feed in, grid connection, etc.• (Further) development of licensing procedureslicensing procedureslicensing procedureslicensing procedures• Building supply and disposal chainssupply and disposal chainssupply and disposal chainssupply and disposal chains• Development of standards / quality of infrastructurestandards / quality of infrastructurestandards / quality of infrastructurestandards / quality of infrastructure• Construction of a biogas partnership network biogas partnership network biogas partnership network biogas partnership network for the promotion of
knowledge cooperation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Important aspects for the planningof biogas projects
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Activation of bioenergy potentialsPotential owner
Energy consumer
Identificaction of potentials
Economic feasibility
Dimensioning of the plant
Technology selection
Preparation requirements
Financing of the plant
Operation of the plant
Electricity generation
Electricity distribution
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Aspects for project development (1)
1. Definition of the project objectives2. Definition of the project location or region3. Definition of the potentials4. Definition of the project actors5. Market for the products and potentials6. Selection and design of the technology and possible
scenarios7. Economic calculation8. Financing
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Aspects for project development (2)
9. Negotiation with the actors10. Detailed planning11. Licensing12. Construction13. Operation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Project objectives (1)• Meeting a necessity
– Necessities exist– Necessities must be highlighted or dismissed
• Generate solutions for problems– Which problems are the most important ones?– Who has the problems?– The project solves perfectly the problem or the solution is a secondary
issue?– What approaches exist to solve the existing problems?
• Generate benefits– Operation on an economic base
• What means “economic” for the investor?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Project objectives (2)
• Generate energy– What type of energy is to be / shall be generated? – Are there consumers for the generated energy?– Are more byproducts generated?– Are there consumers for the byproducts?
• Presentation object for innovation– What objectives and assumptions does the partner have for the
project?• Presentation object for the field of environment
– Are there funds from other parts for the support of the project?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Questions for the investigation ofpotentials
• Which area are we talking about? • What potential-categories do we consider? • How are they calculated? • Who owns the potentials? • Which value do they have? • Which parts of the potentials are already being used?• How can they be activated?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Types of potentials
• Capital potential• Labor potential• Infrastructure potential• Area potential• Environmental potential• Market potential (consumer) • Sociocultural potential• Decisions• Landscape potential� Potentials of renewable energies consist of several of these
potentials
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Theoretical potentials• Maximum of the sustainable potential that
exists and for which the technical use ispossible
• “Primarily energetic potential“• Not considering losses through harvest or
transport
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Technical / ecological potential • Amount of technical potential that can be
transformed into an energy container withexisting technologies and considering the existing laws and principles of sustainability
• The ecological potentials are included
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Economic potentials• Potential that is implemented by the actors in case they
receive an economical benefit from the implementationof the potentials
• These potentials are always influenced by thespecifications of the economy of an investment, by thepolitical conditions, support and expected prices forsubstitutes
• Depend on the time, place and preferences of the actors
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Long-term implementable potentials
• Economic potentials that do not consider the monetaryand technical restrictions
• For the implementation of such, a changein the structure of the shortage situation isneeded as well as a change of sub-optimallaws and the elimination of non-monetarybarriers (information, communication, qualification)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Potentials available at short-term
• Potential that can be made available withinone year with the existing political and economical conditions and structures
• Initiation potential
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Potentials of bioenergy
Theoretic potentials
Long term availablepotentials/ Technical and ecologic Potentials
Economic Potencials
ImplementablePotentials
Short term availablepotentials / accessablepotentials
Actual Imple-mentation
Implementación a corto plazo probables por que no hay grandes obstáculos
Implementación económico está dificultado por obstáculos que se tiene que eliminar
Potenciales económicos que no pueden ser implementados por obstáculos no eliminables
Potenciales disponibles que no son económicos
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Finding available potentials
• The availability of potentials depends on the situation of the producer and on the existing prices for theproducts/waste
• All the potentials have a different price• With the available potentials a problem can be solved or
systems can be improved
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Clasificacion of biomases
Biomasa
Biomasa seca
Biomasa húmeda
Desechos de poda y maleza
Desechos de plantaciones
Agroindustria
Forestal
Residuos de matadero
Grasas y aceites
Lodos PTA
Residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU)
Estiércol avícola
Residuo industrial liquido (Ril)
Aguas residuales domesticas
Estiércol vacuno
Estiércol porcino
1
2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Biomasa
Biomasa seca
Biomasa húmeda
Desechos de poda y maleza
Desechos de plantaciones
Agroindustria
Forestal
Residuos de matadero
Grasas y aceites
Lodos PTA
Residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU)
Estiércol avícola
Residuo industrial liquido (Ril)
Aguas residuales domesticas
Estiércol vacuno
Estiércol porcino
1
2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Potentials of the agroindustry• Theoretical and techical potentials:
Potenciales teóricos y técnicos: All the waste produced in the process
• Available potentials: Waste, that has a lower price or higher costs for thecompany than the use of bioenergy �
market assessment for the use of waste �
expected development in the future
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Calculation of potencials• The best data are the exact data of
different years � almost never exist• Si no hay datos exactos, se tiene que
buscar factores para acercar los datos los mas posible y definir los puntos inseguros– % del producto que está residuo– Fracciones de los residuos (orgánicos –
inorganicos, ligninosa – sin lignocelulosa)– Residuos por unidad de animales
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Calculación de potenciales• Producción durante el año
– Cambio de la composición– Meses con alta y baja producción
• Reduce los potenciales que se pierde en la cosecha, durante el transporte o el procedimiento
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Important aspects in order to define potentials ofbiogas (1)• Where are the potentials/substrates?• How far are the residuals from the plant?• What kind of transport can be used (truck, pumps)?• How are the substrats generated (the quality of the material
depends on the process)?• Are there differences between the substrates of one single
place (time, part of the process etc.)?• When do these potentials occur?• What is the percentage of dry material they contain?• What is the percentage of organic percentage they contain?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Corn Silage 1 Mg 30% TS 94% VS 700 l/kgVS 197 m³ Biogas Wheat Silage 1 Mg 30% TS 90% VS 600 l/kgVS 162 m³ Biogas Grass Silage 1 Mg 30% TS 89% VS 550 l/kgVS 145 m³ Biogas
Cattle Manure 1 Mg 8% TS 80% VS 200/500 l/kgVS 13/32 m³ BiogasPig Manure 1 Mg 6% TS 75% VS 350/500 l/kgVS 16/23 m³ Biogas
Poultry Manure 1 Mg 24% TS 85% VS 300/550 l/kgVS 61/112 m³ BiogasKitchen Waste 1 Mg 20% TS 90% VS 700 l/kgVS 126 m³ BiogasPotato Residues 1 Mg 20% TS 95% VS 620 l/kgVS 118 m³ BiogasFats 1 Mg 25% TS 95% VS 1.000 l/kgVS 238 m³ Biogas
Biogas Production
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Important aspects in order to definepotentials of biogas (2)• Who is the owner of the present potentials (reliable
availability?)?• How are the potentials currently being used?• Which price/value do the potentials currently generate?• Are there problems which need to be solved regarding
the substrats?• What happens with the substrats if they need to be
stored?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Current use of the potentials
• Actors involved in the management of the potentials �
– How is the relationship among the actors?– Who keeps the knowledge and the infrastructure to handle the
potentials?– Will some lose if we change the way of treatment?– Are there long-term contracts?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Actors of the project
• Provider of the potential• Current user of the potentials• Responsible authorities• Actors with know-how or the infrastructure for
parts or aspects of the projects• Beneficiaries of the current situation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Actors of the project
• Consumers of energy• Consumers of physicial products• Haulers• Responsible authorities• Beneficiaries of the project• Negatively affected actors
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Communication among the actors
• How are the connections between the different actors?• How do the actors communicate with each other?• Are there organizations who ware geting actors
together?• What kind of comunication is needed to implement the
project?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Possible markets (1)• Electric energy
– Electricity grid• Fixed price for each kWh• Different prices for defined times of the day
– Company as a consumer of electric energy• Capacity required• Piek time• The whole consumption
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Possible markets (2)• Thermal energy
– Company as a consumer• Low temperature heat (< 90 °C)• High temperature heat (>90 °C)• Water vapor
With co-generation: warming-up water up to 85°C
– Creation of new consumers of low temperature heat
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Possible markets (3)• Cold energy
– Company as a consumer of coldness in adsorption system• Gas
– Company consuming gas for combustion– Gas grid with pre-treatment– Gas bottle or balloon for decentral consumption with pre-
treatment and compression– Gas as a combustible with pre-treatment and compression
(infrastructure is necessary)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Possible markets (4)• Liquid fertilizers
– Local agriculture with irrigation• Compressed solid fertilizers
– Local agriculture– Regional agriculture
• Composted solid fertilizers– Local agriculture– Regional agriculture– Municipality for parks and gardens– Private persons (via regional markets)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Possible markets (5)• Service fees for waste collection
– Industry pays less for residuals– Company gains more for its residuals– Municipalities reduce problems connected
with organic residuals– In the long-run municipalities reduce costs for
treatment of residuals– Dumpsite operator increases life-time of
dumpsite
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Possible markets (6)• Market for certificates for carbon dioxid emission
– Register the project in order to certificate the project and togenerate income for each tonne of CO2 reduced
• CDM-market• Voluntary market
• Residuals– Dumpsite/waste collection– Use in other processes
• As a product• As a combustible
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Analysis of the market• What are the conditions of the markets or the companies
where the products are being produced?• What are the prices at present and in the future?• What requires each product in order to be sold?• What are competing products?• Which product is the most valuable according to the
market analysis?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Selection and design of the technology under possible scenarios
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Selection of the technology
• Which technologies exist in order to implement thepotentials given the existing markets?
• What is the optimal plant size to achieve the objectives?• Does the technology exist already completely or partly in
the region or the country?• Which parts and knowledge is lacking and needs to be
brought from other parts of the country or outside the country?
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Demand side analysis
• In the case of one company buying the energy thedemand for energy needs to be calculated
• Consumption of electric energy in kWh/month• Energy prices with high or low consumption levels �
system to calculate energy costs
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Example• High season:
– May until September between 18 and 23 o’clock 0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
kW e
lect
ric in
stal
led
Generador
Red electrica
05
1015202530354045
Precio pro medio de electicidad/mes en $ (incluso cargo fijo)
Precio pro medio de electicidad/mes en $ (incluso cargo fijo)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Analysis for demand of energy
• Thermal energy can be utilized in different forms• Important:
– Form of the energy container– Quality of the energy– Quantity of energy in kWh/month– Capacity of the installed energy– Days of operation/week– Hours of operation/day– Demand for low-temperature heat
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Consumption of monthly thermal energy
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000kW
ther
mic
o
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Línea de duración del consumo de calor
Time (hours)
Cap
acity
kW
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Creation of scenarios
• Dependent on various factors:– Objective of project� model project , industrial project etc.– Potentials� various technologies– Demand � various plants or demands for a restricted
option– Product prices� different efforts in order to realize the
prices– Possibilities to combine technologies � search for the
best combination
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogas Technology
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogas concept with upright digester
Storage Tank
Input device����piston pump, screw etc. (solids)����pump (fluids)
Upright digester
mixer
Pump
Heat exchanger
Biogas
Digested substrate����storage and
use as fertilizer ����treatment
Gas utilization����CHP (power, heat)����direct use (heating,
cooking, light)����upgrading (gas grid fuel, fuel cell)
Substrate
manureorganic wasteenergy crops
Secondary digester
mixer
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Operation Top Mounted Mixer• Permanent=24 h/d• 13-18 rds/m• 11,5 – 30 KW• Frequency inverter for low
energy consumption
Tall Digester, Top Mounted Mixer
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
BGA Wietzendorf, GermanyBuilt: 2000-2002Digester: 4 x 2,500 m³, steel tanksCHP: 4 x 2.1 MWe gas enginesSubstrate: potato waste
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Top mounted mixer
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogas concept with flat digester
Storage Tank
Input device����piston pump, screw etc. (solids)����pump (fluids)
Digester Pump
Biogas
Digested substrate����storage and
use as fertilizer ����treatment
Gas utilization����CHP (power, heat)����direct use (heating,
cooking, light)����upgrading (gas grid fuel, fuel cell)
Substrate
manureorganic wasteenergy crops
Secondary digester
mixer mixer
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
BGA Porta, SpainBuilt: 2006Digester: 1,360 m³, concrete tankCHP: 191 kWe dual fuelengineSubstrate: pig manure, waste
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Flat digester, submerged mixer
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogas concept with a horizontal digester
Storage Tank
Input device����piston pump, screw etc. (solids)
Digester Pump
Biogas
Digested substrate����storage and
use as fertilizer ����treatment
Gas utilization����CHP (power, heat)����direct use (heating,
cooking, light)����upgrading (gas grid fuel, fuel cell)
Substrate
manureorganic wasteenergy crops
Secondary digester
stirrer paddle
mixer
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Stirring andmixing technology
Horizontal digester
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Relevant aspects for planning of a biogas plant
⇒ Type of input substrate
⇒ Amount of input substrate per year
⇒ Local circumstances
⇒ Heat usage
⇒ Pre treatment, pasteurisation
⇒ Automation level
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Relevant aspects for planning of a biogas plant
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Calculation of biogas amount
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Size of digester
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Size of engine
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Flow sheet
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Site layout
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Estimate of costs
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Introduction into Planning and Construction
• Important building materialsconcrete – steelconstruction work tanks
• Suitable material for equipmentPVC, PE, Steel, stainless steel
• Technical principalspumps, valves
• Special parts Process control units
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Important building materials
Where do we need tanks ?
1. Digester, secondary digester2. Storage tanks3. Reception tanks4. Mixing tanks5. Gas holder
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Important building materials
How to differentiate the tanks ?
• 1. By function• 2. By material
– Concrete (in situ; precast; pre-stressed)– Steel (glass coated steel; stainless steel) – Others (fiberglass)
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Concrete or Steel Tank ?
• Main argument is the price – if the design is done properly
• Typical types of use– Concrete tanks as storage tanks or flat digester:
diameter up to 30 m; height up to 8 m– Concrete tanks as high digesters:
up to 14 m by 14 m diameter (500 kW-plant )– Steel tanks as high digester:
height more than 15 m by 15 m diameter (for example 18*18 m for a 1 MW-plant )
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
ComparisonDigester made of Digester made of Digester made of Digester made of
concreteconcreteconcreteconcrete
• construction on site by local companies
• concrete has to be protected at least in the gas phase
• cheaper < 2,500 m³ volume (in Germany)
• tightness has to be tested after 28-56 days
• renaturation difficult
Digester made of glass coated steel
• preproduction in the factory (only 3 - 4 companies worldwide)
• corrosion protection by enameling
• cheaper > 2,500 m³ volume
• tightness can be tested after 4 weeks; leakiness very few and easy to correct
• recycable
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
SCHORNBUSCH
Concrete tank under construction
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Concrete tank under construction:ExcursionExcursionExcursionExcursion „„„„concreteconcreteconcreteconcrete““““
• Concrete is a mixture of water, gravel and cement. • By using reinforced concrete the good attributes of
steel and the good attributes of concrete are combined
• Concrete: cheap, high compression strength• Steel: high tensile strength• Concrete is alkaline and protects the steel from
corrosion
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Steel tank under construction:
Erection of the roof
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Steel tank under construction:Growing tank
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Steel tank underconstruction
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Steel tank underconstruction
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Equipment: ladders, inspection glass, flanges
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Requirement of pre treatment of materials for the technology
• Definition of the requirement of pre treatment– Solid content– Water content– Content of disrupting materials– Size of particles
• Definition of pre treatment technology• Definition of material loss and energy consume by pre
treatment
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Massenbilanz
Methane: 55 %Input Pig manure Pig dung Water Gras silage Process water TotalInput (t/a) 0 0 0 15.000 0 15.000Input (t/d) 0,00 0,00 0,00 41,10 0,00 41,10Total solids (%) 4,5% 30,0% 0,0% 30,0% 5,0% 30,0%Total solids (t/a) 0,0 0,0 0,0 4500,0 0,0 4500,0Total solids (t/d) 0,0 0,0 0,0 12,3 0,0 12,3Volatile solids (% TS) 82,0% 82,0% 0,0% 89,0% 50,0% 89,0%Volatile solids (t/a) 0 0 0 4.005 0 4.005Volatile solids (t/d) 0,0 0,0 0,0 11,0 0,0 11Water (t/a) 0 0 0 10.500 0 10.500Water (t/d) 0 0 0 29 0 29
spec. Gas Production rate (m³/t VS) 400 450 0 500 75(dry gas, Normal conditions 1,25 kg/m³ )
BiogasGas production (m³/a) 0 0 0 2.002.500 0 2.002.500Gas production (m³/d) 0 0 0 5.486 0 5.486Gas production (t/a) 0 0 0 2.503 0 2.503Gas production (t/d) 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,86 0,00 6,86Water content: 11% 0 0 0 275 0 275Wet Gas 37°C (t/a) 0 0 0 2.778 0 2.778Wet Gas 37°C (t/d) 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,61 0,00 7,61
Reactor effluentTotal solids (t/a) 1.997Total solids (t/d) 5Volatile solids (t/a) 1.502Volatile solids (t/d) 4Water (t/a) 10.225Water (t/d) 28
Output (t/a) 12.222Total solids (%) 16,3%
Mass balanceMass balance - Without process water
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Massenbilanz
Methane: 55 %Input Pig manure Pig dung Water Gras silage Process water TotalInput (t/a) 0 0 0 15.000 16.000 31.000Input (t/d) 0,00 0,00 0,00 41,10 43,84 84,93Total solids (%) 4,5% 30,0% 0,0% 30,0% 5,0% 17,1%Total solids (t/a) 0,0 0,0 0,0 4500,0 800,0 5300,0Total solids (t/d) 0,0 0,0 0,0 12,3 2,2 14,5Volatile solids (% TS) 82,0% 82,0% 0,0% 89,0% 50,0% 83,1%Volatile solids (t/a) 0 0 0 4.005 400 4.405Volatile solids (t/d) 0,0 0,0 0,0 11,0 1,1 12Water (t/a) 0 0 0 10.500 15.200 25.700Water (t/d) 0 0 0 29 42 70
spec. Gas Production rate (m³/t VS) 400 450 0 500 75(dry gas, Normal conditions 1,25 kg/m³ )
BiogasGas production (m³/a) 0 0 0 2.002.500 30.000 2.032.500Gas production (m³/d) 0 0 0 5.486 82 5.568Gas production (t/a) 0 0 0 2.503 35 2.539Gas production (t/d) 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,86 0,10 6,95Water content: 11% 0 0 0 275 4 279Wet Gas 37°C (t/a) 0 0 0 2.778 39 2.818Wet Gas 37°C (t/d) 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,61 0,11 7,72
Reactor effluentTotal solids (t/a) 2.761Total solids (t/d) 8Volatile solids (t/a) 1.866Volatile solids (t/d) 5Water (t/a) 25.421Water (t/d) 70
Output (t/a) 28.182Total solids (%) 9,8%
Mass balance -With process water
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Dimensioning of a plant
• Calculation of energy content of available and pre treated input material during the year
• Definition of energetic yield of the plant� conversion losses• Calculation of daily input in tons• Calculation of storage capacity befor and after the plant in m3
• Consideration of given rules and laws (e.g. time with prohibitedapplication of organic fertilizers)
• Dimensioning of the fermenter• Dimensioning of energy production unit (Motor, CHP, Calefacción)
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Compiling a Biogas Plant
Energy calculationoverview
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Energy Calculation, Part 1
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Energy Calculation, Part 2
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Energy Calculation, Part 3
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Comparison of consumption and supply of heat energy
0200.000400.000600.000800.000
1.000.0001.200.0001.400.0001.600.0001.800.0002.000.000
Enero
Febre
roM
arzo
Abril
May
oJu
nio Julio
Ago
stoSep
tiem
bre
Octubr
eNovie
mbr
eDici
embr
e
kWh/
mes
kWh para calentar el agua hasta85 °C
posible oferta de la planta debiogás en kWh termico
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Economic calculation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Economic calculation
• Calculation of costs– Costs of investment– Expenditures of explotation
• Calculation of revenues
� Annual profit
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Costs of investment• Planning• Tender• Reception of material• Pre treatment of material• Technology to use the material• Technology to produce energy• Technology to sterilize (if necessary)• Internal transport (pumps, screws etc.)• Electrical internal connections• Buildings• Storage tank• Infrastructure• Connections to the consumer
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Amortisation
• Distribution of the costs of the investment for its lifetime• After lifetime time new investment is necessary �
reserves for future investment or paying for financing• Duration of amortisation
– Buildings: 20 years– Technologies: 15 years– CHP: 10 years
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Annual expenditures
• Amortisation• Personnel (working time)• Maintenance (machinery, substituting parts, external
services)• Insurance• Raw material• Interest
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Annual income
• Sale of electric energy• Sale of heat• Sale of gas• Sale of products (e. g. fertilizers)• Income from waste collection• Income for carbon-certificates
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Calculation of benefits
Annual income – annual costs= Annual profit
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Calculation of liquidation
• Object of the liquidation calculation: Knowing the actual year in which payment is required
• Calculating the obligations and costs of each year• For the costs consider the credit costs, not the
amortisation
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Income surplus during the life time of a plant
-2.500.000,00
-2.000.000,00
-1.500.000,00
-1.000.000,00
-500.000,00
0,00
500.000,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Comparison of outflows of liquid resources
Pagos sumarios de una calefacción de madera
0,00500.000,00
1.000.000,001.500.000,00
2.000.000,002.500.000,00
3.000.000,003.500.000,00
4.000.000,00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Jahre
€
Summierte AbflüsseÖl
Summierte AbflüsseHolz
Petroleum
Wood
This project is part of the International Climate I nitiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Thank you for your attention!
Turkish-German Biogas ProjectDeutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbHAnd Sokak No: 8/1106680 Cankaya/Ankara, TURKEY
T +90 312 466 7056T +49 6196 79830 007E [email protected] www.giz.deI www.biyogaz.web.tr
Author:Dr. Dunja Hoffmann, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH