Introduction to Basic Botany Gardeners...Introduction to Basic Botany February 2, 2016 Master...
Transcript of Introduction to Basic Botany Gardeners...Introduction to Basic Botany February 2, 2016 Master...
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Outline of Workshop
Plant Ecology: What do you know?
Photosynthesis: World’s greatest metabolic pathway!
Plant Anatomy(and hands on activity)
Plant Circle of Life(and hands on activity)
Wrap up and final questions
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Photosynthesis (and Respiration)Two sides of the same coin
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide plus water plus sunlight yields sugar (Glucose) and oxygen
CO2 + H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + O2
Respiration
Sugar (Glucose) and oxygen yield (chemical) energy and carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 + O2 H2O + CO2 +
Plants provide the oxygen that allows us to respire; BUT don’t forget, plants respire as well!*An aside: ATP = Adenosine Tri-phosphate; stored energy is released when the bond holding phosphorus to the rest of the molecule is broken
Image: http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/
ATP
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Plant Anatomy
Parts is partsStems – reach for the sky
Roots – anchor in place
Leaves – let there be light
Inflorescences – blossoming away
Monocots and Dicots
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Monocot vs. Dicot
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What’s in a name? Plant TaxonomyKingdom: Plantae
Division: MagnoliophytaClass: Magnoliopsida
Order: RosalesFamily: Rosaceae
Genus: PrunusSpecies: serotina
Scientific name: Prunus serotina(some) Common names:“Black Cherry” “Rum Cherry” “Wild Cherry”…..
https://www.ohio.edu/plantbio/staff/cantino/trees/Prunus%20serotina.htm
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Identification Keys and how to use themKeys are usually Dichotomous
di = 2
Chotomous = branching/pathway
They use paired characteristics to lead you to an identification
They are vocabulary dense, extremely picky, and very useful
Are range specific and may be seasonal (ex a Winter Tree ID Guide)
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Break and Time for Practice
Winter tree ID’ing
Use the keys provided to see how many trees your group can identify…..
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Outline of WorkshopPlant Ecology: What do you know? √
Photosynthesis: World’s greatest metabolic pathway! √
Plant Anatomy √
Stems, Roots, Leaves and InflorescencesMonocots vs DicotsTaxonomy and IdentificationsHands on Activity
Plant Circle of LifeGeneral Life cycleFlowers and FruitsHands on Activity
Wrap up and final questions
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Alternation of Generation (aka Plants are peculiar)
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/dox/altgen.html
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Parts of a Flower
http://www.amnh.org/learn/biodiversity_counts/ident_help/Parts_Plants/parts_of_flower.htm
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Male and Female parts
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Ovules seeds; ovary fruit
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Colorful_Photo_of_Vegetables.png
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Fruit types
Simple: one flower, one ovary (green pepper, pumpkin)
Aggregate: one flower, multiple ovaries (blackberry)
Multiple: entire inflorescence makes up what we consider “the fruit” (pineapple)
Accessory: structures in addition to the ovary (eg the flower receptacle) are part of the fruiting structure (apple)
Fruits may be fleshy (as in a tomato) or dry (as in a sunflower or peanut)
Dry fruits may be dehiscent (have one or more seams and open easily such as a peanut) or indehiscent (difficult to open, need to be cracked as in a sunflower)
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Fruit StructureThe ovary (fruit) wall is sometimes called the carpel; the space ovules (seeds) occupy is called a locule.
Often the characteristics of the carpels can help botanically identify the type of fruit a plant has. The carpels can be divided into layers: exocarp (outer), mesocarp (middle), and endocarp (innermost)
For example, a berry is a simple fruit with a fleshy mesocarp and/or endocarp. It may have one or several locules (ex water melon!)
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Practice!
Work with your group to identify the fruits you have. You may find some surprises!
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Final Questions
?Thank you!