Introduction to Art
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Introduction to Art Week 7 Rococo Academicism Neo-Classicism The 19 th Century Romanticism Iris Tuan April 12 th , 2010
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Introduction to Art. Week 7 Rococo Academicism Neo-Classicism The 19 th Century Romanticism Iris Tuan April 12 th , 2010. Rococo. A highly ornate, decorative style of art in France during the reign of Louis XV - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Introduction to Art
Introduction to ArtWeek 7Rococo
AcademicismNeo-Classicism
The 19th CenturyRomanticism
Iris TuanApril 12th, 2010
Rococo
A highly ornate, decorative style of art in France during the reign of Louis XV
Rococo art favoured the complex, swirling forms of Baroque art but was airier and more graceful, preferring pleasurable, oftne voyeuristic, subject matter
Rococo
Associated with Louis XV’s mistress Madame de Pompadour
Synonymous with feminized, corrupt, incompetent government and facile, erotic titillation
Allowed art to abandon high seriousness in favor of eroticism, decoration and pleasure
The pilgrimage to Cythera
Watteau’s scene evokes a world of pleasure and beautyWatteau’s scene evokes a world of pleasure and beauty
Bathers, Jean-Honore Fragonard
Fragonard’s bathers is typical of Rococo’s light-heartedness.
The Death of Hyacinth
Artist: Giovanni Battista TiepoloDate of Completion: 1752
Description: Hyacinth is a divine hero from Greek mythology. In the literary myth, Hyacinth was a beautiful young man admired by the god Apollo. Apollo and Hyacinth took turns throwing the dicus. Hyacinth ran to catch it to impress Apollo, was struck by the discus and died.
The Happy Accidents of the Swing
Artist: Jean Honore FragonardDate of Completion: 1768
Description: The painting depicts a young man hidden in the bushes, watching a woman on a swing, being pushed by a bishop. As the lady goes high on the swing, she lets him take a furtive peep under her dress. As a symbol of the loss of virginity, the lady has let one of her shoes fly into the air.
Rococo Architecture
Artist: Jean Honore FragonardLocation: Bavarian Allgau, Germany
Description: The Rococo Basilica at Ottobeuren: architectural spaces flow together and swarm with life.
Rococo Architecture
Artist: Manuel Caetano de SousaLocation: Bavarian Allgau, Germany
Description: The Rococo library at the Mafra National Palace, Portugal. The library situated at the back of the second floor is the highlight of the palace. The wooden bookshelves in Rococo style are situated on the sidewalls in two rows, separated by a balcony with a wooden railing.
Diane Sortant du Bain
Artist: Francois BoucherDate: 1742
La Raie
Artist: Jean Simeon ChardinDate: 1725
Marie Madeleine Guimard
Artist: Jean Honore FragonardDate: 1769
Description:Marie-Madeleine Guimard (27 December 1743, Paris — 4 May 1816) was a French ballerina who dominated the Parisian stage during the reign of Louis XVI. For twenty-five years she was the star of the Paris Opera. She made herself even more famous by her love affairs, especially by her long liaison with the prince de Soubise. According to Edmond de Goncourt, when d'Alembert was asked why dancers like La Guimard made such prodigious fortunes, when singers did not, he responded, "It is a necessary consequence of the laws of motion"
Source: http://wikipedia.org
Hercule et Omphale
Artist: Francois LemoyneDate: 1724
Description:In Greek mythology, Omphale (Ancient Greek: Ὀμφάλη) was a daughter of Iardanus, either a king of Lydia, or a river-god. Omphale was queen of the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor; according to Bibliotheke she was the wife of Tmolus, the oak-clad mountain king of Lydia; after he was gored to death by a bull, she continued to reign on her own. Diodorus Siculus provides the first appearance of the Omphale theme in literature, though Aeschylus was aware of the episode. The Greeks did not recognize her as a goddess: the undisputed etymological connection with omphalos, the world-navel, has never been made clear
Source: http://wikipedia.org
Caron Passant Les Ombres
Artist: Pierre SubleyrasDate: 1735
Academicism
The codification of art into rules which can be taught in Academies
Poussin was the artist whose work and theories played the greatest role in first shaping Academicism
He emphasized subject, concept, structure and style
Academicism
Carefully arranged for coherence and fluidity
The eye travels through the painting in a way which is appropriate to its subject and concept
Romanticism challenged the dominant Academic precept that art can be taught systematically
Whistlejacket, 1762 GEORGE STUBBS
AN EXAMPLE OF THE METICULOUS ATTENTION TO THE FIGURE WHICH CHARACTERISES Academic painting
Have a sound knowledge of anatomy
Colonel Tarleton, 1782, JOSHUA REYNOLDS
Reynolds was one of the advocates of the ‘grand manner’ in painting
The portrait displays Colonel Tarleton’s military virtues and his personal triumph over everything base in human nature
Rape of Sabine Women
Artist: Nicolas Poussin
Description:The Rape of the Sabine Women is an episode in the legendary history of Rome in which the first generation of Roman men acquired wives for themselves from the neighboring Sabine families
The Birth of Venus
Artist: Alexandre CabanelDate of Completion:1863
About Author: Cabanel was a French painter and entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris at age of 17. A successful academic painter, his painting “Birth of Venus” is one of the best known example in 19th century Academic Paininting.
DescriptionIt depicts the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore (which is related to the Venus Anadyomenemotif). The painting is held in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence
Life Class at the Royal Danish Academy
Artist: William BendzDescription: Life class at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in 1826
Description:This painting is an illustration depicting the contemporary Royal Danish Academy.
Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners
Artist: Alexandre CabanelDate of Completion: 1887
Young Woman Reading by a Window
Artist: Delphine Enjolras
Description: Delphine Enjolras was a French academic painter. Enjolras painted portraits, nudes, interiors. He is best known for his intimate portraits of young women performing mundane activities such as reading or sewing, often illuminated by lamplight.
The Artist with his Wife and Daughter
Artist: Thomas GainsboroughDate: 1748
The Morning Walk
Artist: Thomas GainsboroughDate: 1785
Description: The Morning Walk' by Thomas Gainsborough shows an elegant young couple strolling through a woodland landscape, an attentive dog at the lady's heel. William Hallett and Elizabeth Stephen were both aged 21 and due to be married in the summer of 1785, shortly after the painting was completed. Portraits of wealthy sitters posed in a natural setting and dressed in their finest (but not necessarily most practical) clothes were a popular status symbol. William is in a black, silk velvet frock-suit. His apparent carelessness is actually a studied pose. The undone jacket and with one hand tucked into it is a stance seen in many fashionable 18th-centry informal portraits (known as conversation pieces). 'John Plampin', also by Gainsborough does the same.
Elizabeth is in a dress of ivory silk - perhaps her wedding dress - caught at the waist with a black silk band. A frilled muslin kerchief covers her breast, with a knot of grape-green ribbon under it.
The light, feathery brushstrokes used to describe the landscape are typical of Gainsborough's late style. William's hair and Elizabeth's gauzy shawl almost blend into the landscape they walk through. Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/
Lord Heathfield of Gibraltar
Artist: Joshua ReynoldsDate: 1787
Description: In 1775 George Augustus Eliott, Lord Heathfield (1717 - 1790), was appointed Governor of Gibraltar. During the siege of 1779-83 he held the British fortress against Spanish attack, and was made Baron Heathfield in 1787. He is shown at Gibraltar during the siege, symbolically holding the key to the fortress, with a view to the peninsula in the background; a cannon points steeply down towards the sea and the sky is darkened by smoke. He is wearing what is presumably the ribbon and star of the Order of the Bath.
Lord Heathfield sat for this painting in August and September 1787. The portrait was commissioned by the print publisher John Boydell who paid for it in October of that year.
Source: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/
Madam De Pompadour
Description: Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750.
Source: http://wikipedia.org
Madam Dubarry
Description: Jeanne Bécu, comtesse du Barry (19 August 1743 – 8 December 1793) was the last Maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV of France and one of the victims of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.
Source: http://wikipedia.org
Neo-Classicism
The dominant artistic and intellectual movement in European art in the 18th and early 19th centuries
A rejection of the Rococo Interest in the Classical past Moral seriousness Connections with Academicism
Neo-Classicism
Neo-Classical art claimed an important role for itself as a shaper of morals and behaviour
Use art to create a society which was both modern and virtuous
David is the most significant painter
The oath of the Horatii, 1785, JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
This painting is considered the manifesto of Neo-Classicism
The Love of Paris and Helen, 1789, JACQUES-LOOUIS DAVID
Roman Ruins and sculpture
Artist: Giovanni Paolo PanniniDate of Completion: 1758
Description: Late Baroque Classicizing Pannini assembles the canon of Romain ruins and Roman sculpture into one vast imaginary gallery
Contrast to Baroque and Rococo, Neo classical paintings are devoid of pastel colors and haziness instead, they have sharp colors with Chiaroscuro.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassicism
Psyche Revived by Love’s Kiss
Artist: Antonio CanovaDate of Completion: 1758
Description: There is an anti-Rococo strain that can be detected in some European architecture of the earlier 18th century, most vividly represented in the Palladian architecture of Georgian Britain and Ireland, but also recognizable in a classicizing vein of architecture in Berlin. It is a robust architecture of self-restraint, academically selective now of "the best" Roman models.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassicism
The Love of Paris and Helen
Artist: Jacques Louis DavidDate: 1789
Description: Paris (Greek: Πάρις; also known as Alexander or Alexandros, c.f. Alaksandu of Wilusa), the son of Priam, king of Troy, appears in a number of Greek legends. Probably the best-known was his elopement with Helen, queen of Sparta, this being one of the immediate causes of the Trojan War. Later in the war, he fatally wounds Achilles in the heel with an arrow, as foretold by Achilles's mother, Thetis.
Madame Recamier
Artist: Jacques Louis DavidDate: 1800
Description: Jeanne-Françoise Julie Adélaïde Bernard Récamier (4 December 1777 - 11 May 1849) was a Frenchwoman who was a leader of the literary and political circles of the early 19th century.
Source: http://wikipedia.org
Cupid and Psyche
Artist: Baron Fancois GerardDate: 1798
Description:The legend of Cupid and Psyche (also known as The Tale of Amour and Psyche and The Tale of Eros and Psyche) first appeared as a digressionary story told by an old woman in Lucius Apuleius' novel, The Golden Ass, written in the 2nd century AD. Apuleius likely used an earlier tale as the basis for his story, modifying it to suit the thematic needs of his novel.It has since been interpreted as a Märchen, an allegory and a myth. Considered as a fairy tale, it is either an allegory or a myth, but the folkloric tradition tends to blend these.
Source: http://wikipedia.org
The Apotheosis of Homer
Artist: Jean Auguste Dominique IngresDate: 1827
Description: The Apotheosis of Homer is a grand 1827 painting by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, now exhibited at the Louvre as INV 5417.
Source: http://wikipedia.org
The 19th Century
Rejected the authority of Art Academies
France played a central role Opens with the dominance of Neo-
Classicism Moral high seriousness & political
purposefulness Challenged by Romanticism
The Birth of Venus
Artist: William BouguereauDate: 1879
Description: It depicts the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore (which is related to the Venus Anadyomene
Source: http://wikipedia.org
Woman with Coffee Pot
Artist: Paul CezanneDate: 1890-1895
Description: The vagueness of the dating of The Woman With a Coffee Pot is typical, since Cezanne never dated his paintings.
It as been placed, however, in his so-called ‘classical’ period, described by one of his biographers as his “Age of Style”, which evolved after his romantic and Impressionist phases.
Like other paintings of this period, it is richly colored and solid; the stern-faced woman ‘is planted like a strong tower’, as art historian Lionello Venturi described her.
Source: http://www.impressionist-art-gallery.com/
Self Portrait
Artist: Vincent Van GoghDate: 1889
Description: Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, and died largely unknown, at the age of 37, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/
The Angelus
Artist: Jean Francois MilletDate: 1857
Description:The Angelus (Latin for Angel) is a Christian devotion in memory of the Incarnation. The name Angelus is derived from the opening words: Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariæ and is practised by reciting as versicle and response three Biblical verses describing the mystery; alternating with the salutation "Hail Mary!" The Angelus exemplifies a species of prayers called the prayer of the devotee.
Romanticism & Realism
Romanticism--Emphasized the emotional, the irrational, the mystical, the intuitive and the symbolic
Over and above the completely rational and rule-bound
Realism—broadens the subject matter of art to include images of everyday life
Liberty Lead the People
Artist: Eugene DelacroixDate: 1830
Description: Liberty Leading the People (French: La Liberté guidant le peuple) is a painting by Eugène Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830, which toppled Charles X. A woman personifying Liberty leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding the tricolore flag of the French Revolution in one hand and brandishing a bayonetted musket with the other. This is perhaps Delacroix's best-known painting, having carved its own niche in popular culture.
Lady Macbeth
Artist: Henry FuseliDate: 1784
Description: Lady Macbeth is a character in Shakespeare's Macbeth (c.1603-1607). She is the wife to the play's antagonist, Macbeth, a Scottish nobleman. After goading him into committing regicide, she becomes Queen of Scotland, and later suffers pangs of guilt for her part in the crime. She dies off-stage in the last act, an apparent suicide.
Portrait of a Compulsive Gambler
Artist: Theodore GericaultDate: 1822
The Raft of the Medusa
Artist: Theodore GericaultDate: 1819
Description:The Raft of the Medusa (French: Le Radeau de la Méduse) is an oil painting of 1818–1819 by the French Romantic painter and lithographer Théodore Géricault (1791–1824). Completed when the artist was just 27, the work has become an icon of French Romanticism. At 491 cm × 716 cm (193.3 in × 282.3 in),[1] it is an over-life-size painting that depicts a moment from the aftermath of the wreck of the French naval frigate Méduse, which ran aground off the coast of today's Mauritania on July 5, 1816. At least 147 people were set adrift on a hurriedly constructed raft; all but 15 died in the 13 days before their rescue, and those who survived endured starvation, dehydration, cannibalism and madness. The event became an international scandal, in part because its cause was widely attributed to the incompetence of the French captain acting under the authority of the recently restored French monarchy.
The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up
Description: The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up is an oil painting executed in 1838 by the English artist J. M. W. Turner (c.1775–1851).It depicts one of the last second-rate ships of the line which played a distinguished role in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the 98-gun ship HMS Temeraire, being towed towards its final berth in East London in 1838 to be broken up for scrap.The painting hangs in the National Gallery, London, having been bequeathed to the nation by the artist in 1851.
Artist: J.M.W TurnerDate: 1838
Related Video
Neo Classicism In Vaticano http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EmYpNl0FUo
Rococo Faces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVBqTeZNdcs
Art History Genres: What is Rococo Art http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3a9sO5_Ouk
Romanticism Art http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWTPDnG0i20
Romanticism: Literature and Art http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=BkdgCSR6DYs&feature=related
