Introduction to ANSYS DesignModeler

© 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 9, 2013 1 Release 14.5

14. 5 Release

Introduction to ANSYS DesignModeler

Lecture 1 Introduction to ANSYS


Agenda: (For CFD Users)

Morning Lecture 1 – Introduction to ANSYS Lecture 2 – Introduction to Workbench Lecture 3 – Introduction to DesignModeler Workshop 1 DesignModeler Basics Lecture 4 – Planes & Sketches Workshop 2 Sketching Break Lecture 5 – Modeling Workshop 3 Modeling Lunch Afternoon Lecture 6 – Geometry Simplification and Repair Lecture 7 – CAD Connections Workshop 4 Geometry Cleanup Break Lecture 8 – Parameterization Workshop 5 Applications 5a Mixing Tank, 5b Automotive Aero, 5c

Combustion Chamber (2d), 5d Bracket, 5e Pulley Lecture 10 – Lines and Surfaces

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Agenda: (For FEA Users) Morning Lecture 1 – Introduction to ANSYS Customer Portal Lecture 2 – Introduction to Workbench Lecture 3 – Introduction to DesignModeler Workshop 1 DesignModeler Basics Lecture 4 – Planes & Sketches Workshop 2 Sketching Break Lecture 5 – Modeling Workshop 3 Modeling Lunch Afternoon Lecture 6 – Geometry Simplification and Repair Lecture 7 – CAD Connections Workshop 4 Geometry Cleanup Break Lecture 8 – Parameterization Workshop 5 Applications 5a Mixing Tank, 5b Automotive Aero, 5c

Combustion Chamber (2d), 5d Bracket, 5e Pulley Lecture 9 – Beams and Shells Workshop 6 Beam and Shell Modeling


More than 60 offices worldwide plus an extensive network of distributors

Over 2,200 direct employees of ANSYS and its subsidiaries worldwide

Listed on NASDAQ (ANSS)

Visit www.ansys.com for more information

About ANSYS, Inc.

Corporate Headquarters Canonsburg, PA

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Breadth of Technologies

Structural Mechanics: From Linear Statics

Fluid Mechanics: From Single-Phase Flows

Electromagnetics: From Low-Frequency Windings

Systems: From Data Sharing

To High-Speed Impact

To Multiphase Combustion

To High-Frequency Field Analysis

To Multi-Domain System Analysis

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© 2012 ANSYS, Inc. November 20, 2012 1 Release 14.5

14. 5 Release


Lecture 2 Introduction to ANSYS Workbench


Contents

• The purpose of ANSYS Workbench

• Basic use of Workbench

• How to share data between applications

• Working with files, and archiving and restoring projects

• Performing parametric analyses

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ANSYS Workbench ANSYS Workbench is a project-management tool. It can be considered as

the top-level interface linking all our software tools.

Workbench handles the passing of data between ANSYS Geometry / Mesh / Solver / Postprocessing tools.

This greatly helps project management. You do not need worry about the individual files on disk (geometry, mesh etc). Graphically, you can see at-a-glance how a project has been built.

Because Workbench can manage the individual applications AND pass data between them, it is easy to automatically perform design studies (parametric analyses) for design optimisation.


Workbench Overview The options visible in the Toolbox show all the products (systems) you have licenses for.

TIP: If this list appears empty, you have a problem with your licensing!

“Analysis Systems” are ready-made stencils that include all the individual systems (applications) needed for common analyses (for example Geometry + Mesh + Solver + Post-Processor)

“Component Systems” are the individual building-blocks for each stage of the analysis

“Design Exploration” provides tools for optimising designs and understanding the parametric response.

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Basic Workflow

Dragging an Analysis System onto the Project Schematic lays out a workflow, comprising all the steps needed for a typical analysis.

Workflow is from top to bottom. As each stage is complete, the icon at the right-hand side changes


Alternative Workflow

However, an analysis could equally well be prepared by selecting the individual Component Systems that are needed for this analysis, and then linking them together with connectors. TIP: There are two ways to create the connectors between the systems: 1) Use the mouse to draw a line (eg A2 to B2, B3 to C2 etc) 2) Or, simply drop the new system on the cell of the upstream one,

and the link will be generated automatically.

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Cell States As each stage in the model-build is completed, the state of the cell changes.

Status after creating Geometry in A2, not yet opened mesh in A3

Status after model has converged, waiting for post-processing

Icon Meaning

Up to Date

Refresh required. Upstream data has changed

Update required. Local data has changed

Unfulfilled. Upstream data does not exist

Attention Required

Solving

Update Failed

Update Interrupted

Changes pending (was up-to-date, but upstream data has changed)


Sharing Data between Different Solvers Workbench can be used to transfer data between solvers. In this 1-way FSI (fluid-

structure-interaction) example, we transfer the loads from a Fluent CFD simulation over to a Mechanical system to perform a stress analysis

The square connector shows that the geometry created in cell A2 (CFD model) is being shared with cell B3 (FEA model).

The round connector shows that the CFD results are being transferred as a Setup (input) condition to be used for FEA stress analysis.

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File Location on Disk Should you need to identify the individual files on your disk for each stage of the

project, these can be found by enabling View > Files. The resulting table will cross-reference the directory and filename with the project cells.

Filename Directory


Use of Archive / Restore

The workbench project comprises many files and directories. If you need to either archive the project, or bundle it to send to us for a Technical Support query, use the ‘Archive’ tool. This generates a single zipfile of the entire project.

When archiving, you can choose whether to include the computed result files or not (omitting these may make it small enough to send by email)

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Working with Parameters / Refresh and Update • To make changes, you can manually open up a component cell (e.g. geometry) • Or: most Workbench applications will let you specify key quantities as a parameter. A

new object ‘Parameter Set’ appears on the Project schematic. • You then need to update your model. From Workbench you can choose to then update

the entire project, or just a single cell. Refresh: Reads upstream data, but will not do any lengthy operation like solving or meshing.

Update: Performs both a Refresh, AND generates the new output

1] Clicking here will let you modify the parameters centrally, without having to open the individual application.

2] “Update Project” will then work through each component in turn (geometry > mesh > solver ) to compute the new design point.

3] However you may want to update an individual component (eg to preview the new geometry before proceeding). Right-click on a individual cell.


Summary

ANSYS Workbench is a convenient way of managing your simulation projects.

Workbench is used to launch the individual software components, and used to transfer data between them.

It is easy to see at-a-glace how a model has been built, and determine which files were used for a particular simulation (pairing geometry files to solver runs)

Workbench also makes it straightforward to perform parametric analyses (without the user needing to manually launch each application in turn), and makes it easy to simulate multi-physics scenarios like fluid-structure interaction.

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14. 5 Release


Lecture 3 Introduction to ANSYS DesignModeler


Preprocessing Workflow

Sketches and Planes

Geometry Import Options

3D Operations

Direct CAD/Bi-Directional CAD

Geometry Cleanup and Repair

Automatic Cleanup

Merge, Connect, Projection, Flow Volume Extraction, etc

Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, etc

3D Operations

Boolean, Body Operations, Split, etc

Geometry Creation OR

Geometry Import

Geometry Operations Meshing Solver

Parasolid Kernel

Meshing Methods

Hybrid Mesh: Tet, Prisms, Pyramids

Hexa Dominant, Sweep meshing

Global Mesh Settings

Local Mesh Settings

Sizing, Body/Sphere of Influence, Match

Control, etc

Assembly Meshing

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Overview • DesignModeler is a parametric

feature-based solid modeler • Designed so that you can intuitively

and quickly begin drawing 2D sketches, modeling 3D parts, or importing CAD models for engineering analysis preprocessing.

Application Fundamentals • Two basic modes of operation for

geometry creation. – 2D Sketching – 3D Modeling

• Dedicated tools for import & clean-up.

What is DesignModeler?

Sketching Modeling

CAD Import & Cleanup


Launching DesignModeler

From Component Systems Eg: Geometry, Mesh

From Analysis Systems Eg: Fluid Flow (Fluent), Fluid Flow (CFX)

• ANSYS DesignModeler is launched within Workbench • Double click Geometry in the System or right click and select

Edit

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Set up Working Units • Unit selection menu pops up immediately

after DM launches – Always use project unit:

• Project units set in Workbench will be used

– Always use selected unit: • Unit selected from the panel will be

used – Enable large model support:

• Enable this to create large models within a bounding box of 1000 cubic km.

• Units cannot be changed mid-session.

Units


Toolbars

Tree Outline

Mode Tabs

Details View

Status/Info Bar

Graphics Window

Entity Details Bar Units Display Bar

DesignModeler Interface

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Working with the Tree Outline • Starts with three default Planes

– XY, ZX & YZ – Sketches created on Planes

• Modeling Operations listed sequentially (Feature History)

• Bodies/Parts listed beneath Modeling Operations

• The Tree Outline can used to access, modify or delete modeling operations or sketches created at any point in the model history.

Tree Outline

Default Planes

Sequential list of Modeling Operations

List of bodies/parts

created


Context Menus • Right clicking on any feature in the

Tree Outline opens context sensitive menus.

• Examples; – Insert can be used to add

operations anywhere in the tree – Suppress can be used to deactivate

a selected operation (can be reactivated)

– Delete can be used to delete a selected operation (cannot be reactivated)

Tree Outline

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Working with the Details View • Feature inputs are listed in the

Details View • The second column contains user

input values or selections. • Activate each box by clicking • Boxes requiring entity selection

(Sketch, Geometry etc) will display Apply/Cancel when activated

• Yellow boxes indicate that input is required (numeric or selection input).

Details View


Working with the Details View • Select an existing feature to edit its

details

• Gray colored details of previously created feature cannot be modified

• To enable editing of all details right click on the feature in the Tree Outline and select Edit Selections.

• All details of previously created feature can be modified

Details View

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Status/Info Bar

- Displays Status of geometry model

- Displays dynamic instructions

- Eg:

Entity Details Bar

- Displays details of entity selected in Graphics Window or Tree Outline.

- Eg:

Units Display Bar

- Displays Unit used in current project

Status/Info Bar


Entity Selection Mode • New Selection • Single Select • Box Select • Select Points • Select Edges • Select Faces • Select Bodies • Shrink/Expand Face Selection • Extend Selection for multiple

entities –

Example – Box Select • Drag from left to right to select the entities,

completely enclosed in the box • Drag from right to left to select the entities,

completely and partially enclosed in the box

Toolbars: Selection Tools

Shrink

Re

Expand

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View Options • Rotate • Pan • Zoom • Box Zoom • Fit Model to Screen • Magnifier Window • Flip View Back/Forwards • Set Iso View • Display Plane • Display Model • Display Points • Look At

Example – Look At • Snaps view to active plane normal

Toolbars: View Controls

Example – Rotate • In Rotate, Pan or

Zoom mode left click on geometry to set rotation origin (red dot)


Edge Display Options

• Free Edges - 0 face - Blue • Single Edges - 1 face - Red • Double Edges - 2 faces - Black • Triple Edges - 3 faces - Pink • Multiple Edges (>3) - Yellow • Display Edge Direction • Display Vertices

Toolbars: Display Controls

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Left Mouse Button (LMB) • Geometry selection

– Ctrl + LMB adds/removes selected entities

– Hold LMB and sweep cursor = continuous selection

• Middle Mouse Button (MMB) – Rotate – Shift + MMB : Zoom – Ctrl + MMB : Pan

• Right Mouse Button (RMB) – Box Zoom – Opens context menus

Basic Mouse Controls


• Hot Keys: Hot Keys can help in performing operations quickly • Ctrl-Z/Y: Undo/Redo (sketching mode only)

• Ctrl-A: Select All

• Ctrl-C/X/V: Copy/Cut/Paste (sketching mode only)

• Ctrl-P/E/F/B: Toggle Point/Edge/Face/Body selection filter

• F3: Apply

• F5: Generate

• F6: Display (Shaded/Shaded+Edges/Wireframe)

• Full list in Appendix

Hot Keys

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Workshop 1 – DesignModeler Basics


Contents • Hot Keys • Mouse Control • Menu Toolbar • Feature Operation Toolbar

Appendix

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• Escape: equivalent to New Selection (if button is not grayed out; also accessible via the Selection Toolbar

• Ctrl+A: selects three Body Types: Solid, Surface, and Line • Ctrl+B: equivalent to Selection Filter: Bodies (also

accessible via the Selection Toolbar) • Ctrl+C: equivalent to Copy (Sketching mode only; also

accessible via the Modify Toolbox) • Ctrl+E: equivalent to Selection Filter: Edges (also

accessible via the Selection Toolbar) • Ctrl+F: equivalent to Selection Filter: Faces (also

accessible via the Selection Toolbar) • Ctrl+N: equivalent to Start Over option (also accessible

via the File Menu) • Ctrl+O: equivalent to Load DesignModeler Database

option (also accessible via the File Menu) • Ctrl+P: equivalent to Selection Filter: Points (also

accessible via the Selection Toolbar) • Ctrl+S: equivalent to Save Project option (also accessible

via the File Menu) • Ctrl+V: equivalent to Paste (Sketching Mode only; also

accessible via the Modify Toolbox)

• Ctrl+X: equivalent to Cut (Sketching Mode only; also accessible via the Modify Toolbox)

• Ctrl+Y: equivalent to Redo (Sketching Mode only; also accessible via the toolbar)

• Ctrl+Z: equivalent to Undo (Sketching Mode only; also accessible via the toolbar)

• F1: ANSYS Inc. online help with DesignModeler highlighted; for more information, see Help Menu

• F2: Install help • F3: Apply (during feature creation; for more information,

see Apply/Cancel in Plane) • F4: Cancel (during feature creation; for more information,

see Apply/Cancel in Plane) • F5: equivalent to Generate (also accessible via the 3D

Features toolbar) • F6: equivalent to Shaded Exterior and Edges, Shaded

Exterior, and Wireframe model appearance controls (toggle between three; also accessible via the View Menu)

• F7: equivalent to Zoom to Fit (also accessible via the Rotation Modes Toolbar toolbar)

Hot Keys


Details on Mouse Control Rotate Behavior (LMB):

• Cursor outside center : Rotation about Z view • Cursor near center of graphics screen : Free rotations • Cursor near edge of graphics screen :

Rotations about X (top/bottom) or Y (left/right) axes

• While in Rotate, Pan, or Zoom mode:

– Left click on model: resets center of view and rotation at cursor location (identified by red dot)

– Left click in open area re-centers model and rotation center to Centroid

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Menu Toolbar


• Plane Toolbar

- Create new plane and new sketch

- List of Planes and sketches

List of Planes

Create New

Plane

List of Sketches

Create New

Sketch

• Add/modify solid bodies

• Option to parameterize

Feature Operation Toolbar

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14. 5 Release


Lecture 4 Planes and Sketches



Sketches and Planes


3D Operations



Automatic Cleanup



3D Operations



Geometry Import


Meshing Methods




Local Mesh Settings


Control, etc

Assembly Meshing

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A plane is required to create a 2D sketch

• Also required for some body operations

• 2D/3D geometry can be constructed using a sketch as a base object

Sequence to create a basic 3D geometry

• Create or select an existing plane • Create a sketch on the plane • Apply a modeling operation to the

sketch

Concept of Planes and Sketches

Select desired plane Create sketch on selected plane

Create 3D geometry through Extrusion

operation from the sketch


Working with Planes • At start-up, three default planes are available

(XY, ZX & YZ) on which sketches can be created – New planes can be created to host sketches

elsewhere

• Create Plane

– In the Details View set the Plane Type. • This determines how the plane is created,

for example, by transforming an existing plane or from a selected face.

– Optionally apply one or more transformations

• Two examples follow...>

Planes

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Create new plane by transforming existing plane • Set Type to From Plane and select Base Plane (ZX Plane) • Apply Transform 1 (Offset X 4m) • Apply Transform 2 (Rotate about X 90)

– Transforms use LOCAL coordinate system – Add as many transforms as required

New Plane Creation Example: From Plane

Transform 1 Transform 2

New plane


Create new plane on geometry surface • Set Type to From Face and select Base Face (on geometry) • Generate plane and create sketches

– Can be completed in one step – Select face and enter sketching mode (plane and sketch are

created automatically)

New Plane Creation Examples: From Face

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Create New Sketch • Creates a new sketch (empty pad for

graphical sketching) on the active plane – New sketches are placed in the Tree

Outline beneath their associated plane • To start creating the Sketch, switch to

Sketching mode – Selecting a Plane with no sketches and

entering sketch mode automatically creates a sketch

– Multiple sketches can be created in any given plane

– New sketches are created in the active plane. Check which plane is set to active before creating the new sketch.

Sketch Creation

XYPlane is active

Only sketches on active Plane are displayed in drop down


Sketching Interface

Sketching tools are arranged in five

toolboxes - Draw, Modify, Dimensions,

Constraints and Settings

Sketching toolboxes are available when you switch to sketching mode

Details of the current sketch (Dimensions, Constraints etc) are displayed in the Details View.

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Draw Toolbox Examples: Circle

Many options are straight forward to use • GUI status bar provides instructions for completing each

operation. For example, when Circle is selected…

• Another example, Spline…>

Follow instructions in the status bar: Choose location for

centre point

Follow instructions in the status bar: Define Radius

Done!


Right click provides additional commands • Instructions issued in the status bar

Draw Toolbox Examples: Spline

Open End

Closed End

Open End with Points

Closed End with Points

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Modify Toolbox Examples: Fillet, Chamfer, Corner, Extend, Trim

L1 L3

L2

L4

Fillet( L1, L2) Corner( L1, L4)

Trim( L3)

Chamfer( L2, L3)

Extend( L4, L3)


Modify Toolbox Examples: Split Using Split • Right click to specify option

• For segments option a field will appear in the toolbox

Split Edge at Selection

Split Edges at Point

Split Edge at all Points

Split Edge into n Equal Segments

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Drag a point or edge to a desired location • Can also be used for scaling (up or down) the sketch

– How the model changes depends on what is selected, existing constraints and dimensions

– Examples here, dragging a corner point connected to horizontally and vertically constrained edges compared to the same where edges are unconstrained.

• Can pre-select multiple entities before issuing the Drag function

Modify Toolbox Examples: Drag

Select corner point of rectangle and drag


A new sketch can be created by referencing existing geometry

• Allows selected boundaries of plane to be duplicated as new sketch entities – All sketches have to be in the same plane

Modify Toolbox Examples: Duplicate

Select Required Edges

Duplicate to Sketch

Create Plane From Face

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Used for specifying dimensions of sketch entities • Pick specific dimension types or.. • General

– Selects appropriate dimension type based on entity selection

– Right click provide quick access to specific dimension types

• Semi-Automatic

– Cycles through entities until sketch is fully constrained (or) user chooses to exit

• Two examples follow...>

Dimensions Toolbox


Using the General Tool to dimension a horizontal line • Click to select entity • Click to position dimension

Dimensions Toolbox Example 1

• Dimension is automatically numbered

• Dimension value can be edited under the Details View

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Using the General Tool to dimension an angle • Right click, specify Angle • Click to select first entity • Click to select second entity

• Right click, select Alternate Angle to scroll through options

Dimensions Toolbox Example 2


Constraints can be applied on sketch entities • Manually - Pick required constraint, select entity to be

constrained • Automatically - Indicates and suggests the constraint and

automatically snaps to a location or orientation while you are sketching (automatic on by default).

• Four examples

• Constraints can be added or removed manually on existing sketch entities

• Global ON/OFF applies constraints with respect to all entities in the active plane

Constraints Toolbox

Horizontal Vertical Point Coincident

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Example: • Circle with radius dimension

– Under constrained (centre point is free) – Adding 2 more dimensions, fully constrains the

sketch, hence all lines turn blue – Alternatively, adding a Fixed constraint to the

centre point fully constrains the sketch

Color Coding: • Indicates constraint status

– Teal: Under-constrained – Blue: Well Defined – Black: Fixed – Red: Over-Constrained – Gray: Inconsistent or Unknown

Constraints Toolbox – cont….

Fixed Constraint on Centre

Blue

Black

Teal Blue Blue

Black


How can sketches become over-constrained? • Too many dimensions

• Example – radius & diameter on a circle. Sketch turns red when over-constraining dimension is applied.

• Viewing & removing contraints • Sketch details view, set Show Constraints to Yes • Pick entity, constraints are listed. Right click,

Delete.

Constraints Toolbox – cont….

Example - removing Fixed constraint on circle centre point

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Grid & Snap

• Displays the grid lines in the sketching area, to make sketching easier

• Snap option can be used to snap geometry to grid

Snaps per Minor

• Allows snapping to points between minor grid lines

Settings Toolbox

The rectangle is snapped halfway between two minor grid lines if Snaps per Minor

is set to 2

Click to enable check boxes


• Ruler allows to get a quick sense of scale while sketching

• “Look At” tool will help orient the display such that plane, sketch or selected entity normal to your view

• Many operations become easier via a right click context menu on the graphics screen

• Undo/Redo buttons are available in sketch mode only – Multiple undo’s allowed – IMPORTANT: Each plane stores its own Undo “stack”

• The “Back” operation (available via RMB) acts like a micro undo during multi-step sketching operations (eg polyline)

• Note: Only one sketch is active at a time!

Sketching Tips

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Allows copies of sketches to be added in other planes • Features:

– Can only be placed in planes lower in the tree outline than the plane with the base sketch

– Can be scaled and rotated – Edges are fixed: cannot be moved, edited, or deleted – Sketch is persistent: gets automatically updated when

changes in base sketch are made – Can be used just like normal sketches for creating other

features except: – Cannot be used as base sketches for other Instances – Not included in the pull-down list of sketches

Sketch Instancing


Project 3D geometry onto a plane to create new sketch entities • Select vertices, edges, surfaces or bodies to project • Cannot be modified using normal sketch tools • Remain associated to input geometry (updates automatically if 3D

geometry changes)

Sketch Projection

3D Geometry selected for projection

Sketch projected onto existing plane

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Workshop 2 – Sketching


Contents • List of Sketching Tools • Example: Creating Concentric Cylinder • Modify Toolbox: Offset • Modify Toolbox: Cut/Copy • Modify Toolbox: Paste • Modify Toolbox: Replicate, Move • Dimensions Toolbox: Move, Animate, display

Appendix

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Sketching Tools • All the sketching tools are segregated into five categories


• Select circular face of cylinder and create Outline plane • Go to sketching mode and select outline of plane i.e. circular edge • Select Offset option in Modify toolbox and create an offset circle • Go to modeling mode and select Extrude feature. Select the sketch

containing circle as base object for extrude. • Generate extrude feature to create concentric cylinders as shown

Example: Creating Concentric Cylinder

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

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Offset • A sketch can be offset • Selection options • End selection • Place offset • Three options to perform “offset”

– Distance – Offset side – Offset area

Modify Toolbox: Offset Offset Distance

Offset Side : Inside

Offset Area : Depends on location of cursor

Cursor located on Left

Cursor located on Right


Modify Toolbox: Cut/Copy

Cut / Copy

• Used to cut or copy selected entities and paste to required location • Requires the selection of a paste handle (RMB) relative to which the

Paste will be performed • The paste handle is the location to which the cursor is attached while

moving the image to new position to paste • RMB paste handle options:

– Clear Selection – Use Plane Origin as Paste Handle: The 0.0, 0.0 location of the plane

will be used as the paste handle

• If Cut or Copy is exited without selecting a paste handle, a default will be used

Copy: RMB options

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Paste • Used to paste entities selected during cut or copy operation • Entities can be pasted into current or a new sketch, even if it

is on different plane • After copying entities, Paste operation can be performed

multiple times • RMB Paste options: • Rotate by +/- r Degrees • Flip Horizontally / Vertically • Scale by Factor f or 1/f • Paste at Plane Origin • Change Paste Handle

Modify Toolbox: Paste

Paste: RMB options


Replicate • The Replicate operation is equivalent to the Copy operation,

followed by a Paste • After selection of entities, the RMB options change to the

Paste RMB options • Note: Replicate option is used to copy sketches. Duplicate

option is used instead to copy features of a solid body on to the plane.

Move • The Move command functions the same as the Replicate

operation with the exception that the original selection is moved to a new location instead of being copied

Modify Toolbox: Replicate, Move

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• Move function allows placement of dimension to be modified

• Animate function allows to visualize the dynamic changes for a selected dimension within a specified range

• Display function is used to display dimensions in Graphics Window in the form of Name and/or Value

• Dimensions can be modified from Details view or through RMB click

Dimensions Toolbox: Move, Animate, display

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14. 5 Release


Lecture 5 Modeling




Geometry Import


Sketches and Planes


3D Operations



Automatic Cleanup



3D Operations


Meshing Methods




Local Mesh Settings


Control, etc

Assembly Meshing

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In DesignModeler, a body refers to a line, surface or solid • Line body

– Has length and consists of point lower entities

• Surface body – Has surface area and consists of point & line lower entities

• Solid body – Has volume and consists of point, line & surface lower entities

• Bodies are listed in the Tree Outline identified by default names and icons

Important DM Concepts: Body Types

Surface body Line body Solid body


Active & Frozen • Bodies can exist in one of two states

– Active – Frozen

• Active bodies merge automatically with bodies in contact or overlapping

• Frozen bodies remain independent

• Why use frozen bodies? – Meshing; It is often more efficient to mesh a series of smaller

topologically simpler bodies than one large complex shape – Solver; Different physical models and boundary conditions can be

applied to different areas of the model if they are defined as separate bodies

Important DM Concepts: Body States

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Working with Active Bodies • Example; Two separate extrusions each creating an

active body results in one body • How to define a body as active?

– Before a body is created - choose ‘Add Material’

– After a body has been created as frozen - Use ‘Unfreeze’ operation (available under Tools Menu)

• Displayed as Opaque • Blue icon under Tree Outline

Important DM Concepts: Active Body State


Working with Frozen Bodies • Example; Two separate extrusions one of which is

frozen results in two separate bodies • How to define a body as frozen?

– Before a body is created - choose ‘Add Frozen’

– Slicing an active body will convert it to frozen – Can be merged manually using Boolean operations or by

converting to ‘Active’ state using ‘Unfreeze’

• Displayed as Transparent • Cyan icon under Tree Outline

Important DM Concepts: Frozen Body State

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Tools for creating new bodies or modifying existing bodies

– Used to create bodies – Requires lower dimensioned geometry as base objects – Results is a line/surface/solid body

– Applies blend/chamfer on edges/faces of existing bodies

– Used to modify existing bodies – Results in modified or new bodies

– Quick creation of primitive shapes (without sketch)

3D Feature Creation


Extrude Details • Geometry

– Can be a valid Sketch, selected face or Named Selection

• Operation – Allows Add Material, Cut Material, Imprint Faces,

Slice Material, Add frozen – Discussed in detail in Next 3 Slides

• Direction Vector – Automatically sets direction as normal when base

object is set to sketch otherwise needs to be specified

– Plane axes, geometric edges and faces can be used to specify direction

Extrude Feature

Sketch

Preview of the operation

Resultant body

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Extrude Feature (cont …) • Add Material

– Creates new body and unites with existing active bodies in contact or overlap

• Add Frozen: – An independent body is created, with separate faces and edges

• Cut Material: – Create holes or modify existing bodies by removing material

• Imprint Faces: – Imprints the sketch on the faces of existing body

• Slice Material: – Slice out resultant body from the existing Frozen body

Add Material Add Frozen Cut Material Imprint faces Slice Material

Sketch


Extrude Feature (cont …)

Extrude Details • Direction

– Normal – Extrude Base object Normal to plane – Reversed – Extrude Base object in reverse

direction of Normal – Both-Symmetric – Extrude symmetrically in both

directions – Both-Asymmetric – Extrude asymmetrically in

both directions

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Extrude Details • Extent Type :

– Fixed – Extrude profile by specified distance – Through All – Extrude profile through entire

model – To Next – Extrude profile up to first surface

encountered

Fixed Through All To Next



Extrude Details • Extent Type cont …

– To Faces – Extrude profile up to one or more selected faces

– To Surfaces – Extrude profile up to surface

To Faces To Surfaces

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Extrude Details • Thin/Surface

– If enabled, a thin surface is extruded out of the base object with a default thickness of zero.

– Suitable for creating shell bodies – Options to specify thickness


Extrude Details • Merge Topology

– Yes: Optimizes the topology of feature bodies – No: Leaves the topology of feature bodies

unaltered – Tips from a meshing Perspective:

• If the small faces are of interest during meshing, then set Merge Topology to ‘NO’

• If the small faces are unnecessarily forcing for fine mesh, then set Merge Topology to ‘YES’


Yes No

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Revolve Feature

Revolve Details • Geometry is rotated to create a body of

revolution • Axis

– Specify Axis of Rotation for selected Base object (plane axis or edge)

• Angle – Specify Rotation Angle

Axis

Base object


Sweep Feature

Sweep Details • Selected profile is swept along selected

path to create bodies • Profile :

– Specify the object to be swept

• Path : – Specify the path for sweep

Profile

Path

- 45 -


Sweep Feature (cont…)

Sweep Details • Alignment : Specify orientation for profile

with respect to swept path – Path Tangent : Reorients the profile to keep its

orientation consistent with respect to the path

– Global Axes : Profile orientation remains fixed irrespective of shape of the Path

Path Tangent Global Axes


Sweep Feature (cont…)

Sweep Details • Scale

– Taper or expand the Profile as it is swept along the path of Sweep

• Twist Specification – No Twist : Helical sweep is not created – Turns : Specify number of turns to complete

over the path length – Pitch : Specify length per 1 full turn

4m

- 46 -


Skin/Loft Details • Takes a series of profiles and creates a

body fitting through them – All profiles must have the same number of

edges

Skin/Loft Feature

Multiple sketches


Thin Surface Details • Creates Thin Solid or Shell (Surface)

– Creation based on Selection Type; Faces to Keep/Faces to Remove/Bodies Only

– Faces to Keep: Selected faces used to form the thin solid or surface.

– Faces to Remove: Unselected faces used. – Bodies Only: All faces used.

• Specification of zero thickness will create a surface body (can specify offset)

• Direction for generation of thickness can be inward, outward or both (midplane)

Thin/Surface

Inward Outward Midplane

- 47 -


Face Selection

Edge Selection

Fixed Radius Blend Details • Creates a blend of specified radius on

face/edges

Fixed Radius Blend


Function • Creates copies of selected features • Pattern Type: 3 options • Linear, Circular or Rectangular

• Select Geometry (features or bodies)

• Specify Direction, Axis, Offset, Copies

Pattern

- 48 -


Body Manipulation Tools • Contains eleven general body editing tools • Options vary depending on whether the bodies are Active or

Frozen • Cut and imprint are not available when all bodies are Frozen • Select Body Operation, set Type

Body Operation


Body Operation: Mirror

XY Plane

• Creates a mirror image body reflected in

selected plane • Select body or bodies • Set Mirror Plane • Original body deletion controlled by

‘Preserve Bodies’ option • Example – Mirroring car body in the XY

Plane preserving the original

- 49 -


• Moves and aligns selected bodies • Select body or bodies • Option to preserve bodies • Set Source and Destination Planes • Example – Aligning two bodies using

corresponding source and destination planes on each body respectively

Body Operation: Move


• Using “By Direction” option, one can align bodies by using alignment vertices for aligning axes of bodies and orienting bodies with respect to each other.

Body Operation: Move, Align and Orient

• User needs to select bodies, pair vertices for Source & Destination Move and directions for Source & Destination Align and/or Source & Destination Orient

- 50 -


Scale up : 2x

• Scale selected body or bodies • Select body or bodies • Set Scaling origin

– World Origin : Global coordinate origin – Body Centroids: Centroid of the bodies

selected – Point: Selected Point

Body Operation: Scale


• Translate the selected body in a

specified direction – Direction can be specified as

coordinates or as a straight edge and distance

– Rotate selected bodies about a specified axis by a specified angle

– Axis can be specified as components or as a straight edge

Body Operation: Translate, Rotate

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• To Slice out one body from the another

body

Body Operation: Slice Material


Tool Bodies

Intersect all bodies Union of all intersections Union of all intersections preserving input bodies

Unite, Subtract and Intersect • Unite: Merges two or more bodies • Subtract: Target Body subtract Tool Body • Intersection:

– Union of All Intersections: Regions shared by two or more Tool Bodies

– Intersection of All Bodies: Regions shared by all Tool Bodies

Boolean

- 52 -

© 2012 ANSYS, Inc. November 20, 2012 32 Release 14.5 Slice Off Faces

Slice Options • Slice By Plane

– Model is sliced by selected plane

• Slice Off Faces – Selected faces are sliced off and separate bodies are created from them

• Slice Off Edges – Selected edges are sliced off and separate bodies are created from them

• Slice by Surface – Selected surface is used as a slicing tool to slice

• Slice by Edge Loop – Selected edge loop is used as a slicing tool

‘Slice’ Operation under ‘Create’


Slice operation can now be used after Share Topology

• Helps to ensure proper connectivity while performing geometry decomposition

• Topologies remain shared after slice

• It is useful in walking around Limitations – like use of Slice by Plane or Slice by

Surface options before the Share Topology Method may merge the target body faces coinciding with the slicing sheet bodies or plane.

– Share Topology could be faster and more robust if decomposition is done after it

Slice Operation Post Share Topology

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Primitive Geometries

Used to create 3D primitives quickly


Concept Menu • Tools for creating line & surface bodies • 2d Surface Bodies can be created from existing edges,

sketches or existing faces

– Some solvers (e.g Fluent, ANSYS 2D FEA) require 2d models

to be constructed on the XYPlane. • Commonly used concept tools for creating surfaces...>

– Further concept tools detailed in separate lecture

2D Feature Creation

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• Used to create Surface bodies from existing

sketches • Can be used for 2D analysis • Can be used for creating capping faces

required for Fill operation

Surfaces From Sketches


• Used to create Surface bodies from faces of existing models

• Can be used for 2D analysis

Surfaces From Faces

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• Used to create Surface bodies from existing existing edges and Line bodies

• Can be used for 2D analysis • Can be used for creating capping faces required for Fill

operation

Surfaces From Edges

Surface body created using 2 Line bodies and 2 edges


Suppressed

Suppressing Bodies • Behaviour of Suppressed Body

– Will not be exported or transferred to other Workbench modules

– Not visible in Graphics view – Identified by cross sign in Tree Outline

• How to Suppress or Unsuppress?

– Select the body to be suppressed, right click and select “Suppress Body”

– Select the body/bodies to be unsuppressed, right click and select “Unsuppress Body” option

Suppression

- 56 -


Hiding Geometry • Behaviour of Hidden Bodies

– In Tree Outline, Hidden body is identified by transparent “tick-mark” sign

– Hidden bodies are transferred to other Workbench modules and can also be exported

• Useful when working with complex models

• How to Hide or Unhide? – Select the body or face to hide, right click

and select “Hide Body” – Right click “Show Body” to restore view

Visibility

Suppressed


What are Named Selections? • Any number of entities of grouped

under one name • Can be created using one of two ways

– Select an entity or a group of entities, click RMB, select ‘Named Selection’ from the context menu or…

– Select an entity or a group of entities, click on Tools menu and select ‘Named Selection’

– In the details view, enter a name for the ‘Named Selection’ or continue with the default name

– Click ‘Generate’

• Named selections can be assigned to points, lines, surfaces or solids

Named Selections

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Uses • Group entities for reference • Use as geometry for feature creation

– Cannot be solids

• Define parameters for parametric study

• Assign names to boundaries for simulation – When used as boundary names, user

must enable the transfer of named selection from DesignModeler to other Workbench modules (like Meshing, Fluent Solver etc.)

• For more information on boundary naming please see Appendix

Uses for Named Selections

To enable the transfer of Named Selections, in the Workbench window, go to Tools � Options… Click on Geometry Import, enable the check box next to ‘Named Selections. Empty the box under ‘Filtering Prefixes’ if all named selections are to be transferred, otherwise only the named selections with the prefix in the textbox will be transferred


Merge

Split

Copy

Named Selections : Propagation Property

Original Selection

No Yes

Yes – Selection propagates to all resultant entities No – Selection propagates to just one of the resultant entities or destroyed

- 58 -


Working with Parts • By default, DM places each body into

one part by itself • Single-body parts : Individual parts

are meshed separately – non-conformal mesh at interface

• Multi-body part : Two or more bodies in a single part – Conformal mesh at interface

• Bodies can be grouped into a part in 2 ways : – Select bodies. Click RMB and select

Form New Part – Select bodies. Go to Tools � Form New

Part

Single and Multi-Body Parts

Single-body Parts

Multi-body Parts


Single and Multi-Body Parts

Case 1: In DM: 1 part,1 body consisting of 1 solid

Result of transferring this geometry to Meshing – contains: 1 solid ,1 body – Entire solid meshed as one entity – No internal faces

DM Mesh

DM

- 59 -


• Case 2: In DM: 3 parts, 3 bodies consisting of 3 solids – Result of transferring this geometry to Meshing – Contains : 3 solids, 3 bodies – Each solid is meshed independently – Nodes are not shared and do not line-up – No connection between the 3 mesh regions for fluid flow

and/or heat transfer – Can connect using a Grid Interface in FLUENT/CFX

Single, Multi Solid Bodies

DM Mesh

DM

Mesh


• Case 3: In DM: 1 multi-body part, 3 bodies/solids • Result of transferring this geometry for Meshing

– contains:1 multi-body part, 3 bodies/solids – Each solid meshed independently but node connectivity

among solids is preserved – Contains internal face which can be used for Post Processing

Single, Multi Solid Bodies

DM Mesh

DM

Mesh

- 60 -


Works on Multi-body parts only • Common regions among Multi-body

parts are not imprinted and connected until the geometry is transferred to a different application (Meshing, Mechanical etc. ).

• This process creates ‘Shared Topology’ resulting in changes to the geometry (example illustrated) and occurs automatically during the transfer.

• To ensure that Named Selections contain the desired geometry (for use as boundaries) the Share Topology feature can be used manually in DesignModeler when the geometry is complete. – Named Selections for boundaries

should be created after this operation.

Share Topology

DM DM

Before Share Topology After Share Topology

DM DM


Workshop 3 – Modeling

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Contents • Extrude Merge Topology Example • Variable Radius Blend • Vertex Blend • Chamfer • Create Point • Body Operation Cut Material • Body Operation Imprint • Body Operation Delete • Named Selections for Boundaries in FLUENT

Appendix


• Merge Topology : Example • Create a rectangular box by extruding

one of side faces as shown in adjacent image – In previous Extrude operation, if Merge Topology

option is “No”, the rectangular box will be successfully created using sweep operation

– In previous Extrude operation, if Merge Topology option is “Yes”, the rectangular box cannot be created as there is no appropriate face for extrude

Extrude Feature: Example

Yes No

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Linear Blend

Smooth Blend

• Creates a blend of variable radius on face/edges • The Details view is used to specify the start and end radius • Specify Linear or Smooth Transition for Blend

Variable Radius Blend


• Creates a blend on vertices • Used to blend corners of Surface bodies • The Details view is used to specify the Radius and Vertices

Vertex Blend

- 63 -


Left

Right

• Creates a chamfer on edge/faces • The Details view is used to specify the left and right length or

length and angle

Chamfer


External Point Data Format

• Used to create Construction Point, Point Load or Spot Weld • Can choose definition types for creating Construction point : • Single, Sequence by Delta, Sequence by N, From Coordinates

File, Manual input • Text file containing external point data in specific format can

be imported through From Coordinates File option

Create: Point

- 64 -


• This option is available when the model has any active bodies • Uses the selected bodies to cut from other active bodies

Body Operation: Cut Material


• This option is available when the model has any active bodies • Uses the selected bodies to imprint on the active bodies

Body Operation: Imprint

- 65 -


• Deletes the selected bodies • Deleted bodies can be recovered by deleting or suppressing

this Body Operation

Body Operation: Delete


Named Selections for Boundaries in Fluent

Named selections can be assigned a name that corresponds to the desired boundary type

– “xx” in the names stand for any suffix – Example: one can name a face to be assigned as boundary type of ‘Velocity Inlet’ as ‘inlet1’ – First letter of the names can be capital letters or small letters – When such a model is transferred to Fluent, the Fluent solver will automatically recognize the

boundary types from the names and assign the boundary type to these boundaries based on their assigned names, saving time for setup.

Named selection Boundary Type Inletxx Velocity Inlet

Outletxx Pressure Outlet

Wallxx Walls

Pressure_inletxx Pressure Inlet

(Other names not recognized as boundary type)

Walls

- 66 -


14. 5 Release


Lecture 6 Geometry Simplification and Repair



Sketches and Planes


3D Operations



Automatic Cleanup



3D Operations



Geometry Import


Meshing Methods




Local Mesh Settings


Control, etc

Assembly Meshing

- 67 -


Import/Attach in R14.5 supports two options for target geometry type:

• Workbench Geometry: Form of geometry representation that is used by various applications within ANSYS WB, including WB Mechanical and WB Meshing. – Workbench type bodies must be converted to Parasolid for some

operations – Conversion from Workbench format to DesignModeler format will

occur automatically as needed by some operations – Avoids time-consuming conversion of entire assembly during import if

only some of the bodies will be worked on/modified in DM

• DesignModeler Geometry: Geometry representation which is used only by the DesignModeler application. – DM, Parasolid, IGES, STEP, and MCNP import only as native DM type

(Parasolid)

Geometry Types

Note: Almost all geometry editing operations are performed in this geometry representation. Geometry in versions of DesignModeler prior to DesignModeler 14.5 are entirely in this form.


• Conversion of some bodies can be done manually – Avoids time-consuming conversion of entire

assembly during import – User can selectively control mixture of WB Type and

DM Type bodies for most efficient use of operations • Parasolid body cleaning operations available per set of

bodies being converted – Can be used to manually Heal, Simplify and/or Clean

selected bodies

Conversion • Why some operations may fail if Geometry Type is Workbench?

– DM features will automatically convert the geometry to DM type before performing the particular feature operation

– However, sometimes the conversion step can fail in which case the feature will also fail

– Reasons for failure – The conversion of WB type body that is disjoint might have produced multiple DM

type bodies – Failure to convert specific faces of WB body may cause the resultant DM body to be

of a different type, e.g. a surface body instead of solid body – A non-manifold configuration of WB geometry may fail to construct an equivalent

DM representation

- 68 -


Why Repair? • Several translation methods available

to enable data exchange with CAD/CAE systems – Direct Integration/CAD Readers – Import of generic CAD formats

(IGES, ACIS etc) • Translation can:

– Return incomplete, corrupt, or disconnected geometry • Requires repair

– Return geometry details unnecessary for CAE analysis • Requires defeaturing

How to Fix? • Geometry cleanup

– Processes required to prepare geometry for meshing • Fix incomplete or corrupt

geometry and connect disconnected geometry

• Remove unnecessary details (defeaturing)

• Decompose geometry into meshable sections

Geometry Cleanup/Repair: Introduction


Geometry Cleanup/Repair: Introduction • DM provides geometry tools to:

– Analyze – Repair – Modify/Simplify

• All these commands are available under the Tools Menu

• May need to view the model in wireframe mode to visualize the defects

• DM also give the ability to color edges depending on connectivity

- 69 -


Many potential issues – Missing faces – Sliver faces – Hard edges – Small edges – Sharp angles – Others …

These issues must be fixed to – Create watertight volume bodies – Prevent meshing issues

Typical Geometry Issues

Missing faces Sliver faces

Hard Edges Small edges Sharp angles


Analysis Tools • Set of features that provide information,

detect faults in geometry

RMB on the part

- 70 -


Repair Tools • Easy search and fix of unwanted geometrical

features or geometric errors

• Can be executed on both frozen and active bodies

• Repair Types – Repair Hard Edges – Repair Edges – Repair Seams – Repair Holes – Repair Sharp Angles – Repair Slivers – Repair Spikes – Repair Faces


Repair: Automation • Automatically detects and lists out

geometrical issues

• Highlights the location of fault in the geometry

– Zooms into the location, when clicked on the items in the list

• Proposes fixes to the issues – Choose a different method to fix, if

needed

• Analyze the list

• Fix issues all at once – Upon clicking “Generate” – Can’t be done one after the other

- 71 -



geometrical issues




needed





geometrical issues




needed



- 72 -


Repair: Example Repair Edges

Small edge in the model Small edge removed Details View of Repair Edges

Small edge in the model Small edge removed Details View of Repair Edges


Repair Holes Repair: Example

Holes in a solid body Holes removed Details View of Repair Holes

Hole in a surface body Details View of Repair Holes Hole removed

- 73 -


Repair Hard Edges

Repair Seams

Repair: Example

Hard edge in the model Hard edge removed Details View of

Repair Hard Edges

Small crack in the model Small crack removed 16

Details View of Repair Seams


Repair: Example Repair Sharp Angles

Repair Slivers

Sharp angle in the model

Sharp Angle removed Details View of Repair Sharp Angles

Sliver face in the model R

Sliver face removed 17

Details View of Repair Slivers

- 74 -


Repair: Example Repair Spikes

Repair Faces

Spike in the model Spike removed Details View of Repair Spikes

Small face in the model Small face removed 18

Details View of Repair Faces


• Used to remove features such as fillets, chamfers, holes etc., and automatically heal the geometry at those locations

• Four Options for Healing: Automatic, Natural, Patch or No healing

• Edge Delete also available (see Appendix)

Face Delete

Patch Healing

Natural Healing

Automatic

- 75 -


• Used to remove blends, chamfers, and holes from surface bodies

• Can also be applied to imprinted edges from all body types • Can choose healing types: Automatic, Natural or No healing

Edge Delete


Merge • Merges a set of edges or faces

• Useful to reduce model complexity

• Type – Edge merging – Face merging

• Method – Manual: user selects the entities to merge – Automatic: clusters of entities to merge are

automatically selected and highlighted

Details View of Merge

Edge Merging

- 76 -


Face Split • Allows faces to be broken down by:

– Points and Edges • Combinations of sketch and 3D geometry

– Locations • “Click” on the surface • Do not need to close the loop


• Fills the gaps in surface bodies

• Requires closed loop of edges

• Edges can be from different surface bodies

• Allows selection of multiple patch operations in a single go

Surface Patch (1)

Gap filled using Surface Patch

Details View of Surface Patch

Natural Healing

Model with a hole

ReleaPatch Healing

- 77 -


Surface Patch (2) Surface Patch

[Main Menu] Tools � Surface Patch

– Attempts to fill gaps in the model

– Uses similar healing methods as face delete (natural and patch)

– Complex gaps may result in multiple surfaces being created to fill them

2 holes selected for patching Two patches created using multiple surfaces


Projection • Allows projection of points on edges/faces and

edges on faces/bodies

• Options – Points on edge or face – Edge on face or body

• Works on both frozen as well as active bodies

Details View of Projection

- 78 -


Edge on Face Projection: Example (1)

Edge to project

Edge projected on face

Edge projected on

face with ‘Extend

Edges’ option YES

Type: Edges on Face

Extend Edges: Yes


Points on Edge/Face Projection: Example (2)

Points to project

Points projected on face

Points projected on edge

Type: Points on Face

Type: Points on Edge

- 79 -


• Sews selected surface bodies to form a single surface body where they have edges common to within a given Tolerance

• Create Solids? option enables surface bodies forming a closed domain to be converted to solid bodies

Body Operation: Sew


• Creates internal fluid volume

• Two options – By Cavity : user must select all wetted surfaces – By Caps : user must create closing surfaces at inlets

and outlets, and select bodies

Fill

Details View of Fill

Internal fluid volume extracted using Fill

Cap surface bodies must be selected

- 80 -


Enclosure • Creates enclosure around the bodies

– Useful for external aerodynamic analysis – Can be used for extracting internal flow domain

• Input – All or selected bodies – Shape of enclosure – Extent of enclosure

• Output – A frozen body around the selected parts with

specified extents – Internal flow volume as a result of automatic

Boolean subtract

• Supports symmetry models

• Full or partial models can be included in enclosure

Enclosure created for an airplane


Enclosure: External Flow Example

Model

Using Symmetry

User Defined Shape Enclosure

- 81 -


Symmetry • Defines symmetry for the model

• Input – All or selected bodies – Up to three symmetry planes

• Operation – Symmetry planes slice the model

• Output – Sliced model (part lying on the positive side of the axis

is retained)

Details View of Symmetry

Note : Faces that are coincident with the symmetry plane are tagged with a “Symmetry” named selection under AMP Using Symmetry

Tip: The symmetry tool can be used as visualization tool when discovering the model (then the operation is deleted)


Symmetry: Example

Full Model

Symmetry using XY plane

Symmetry using XY & ZX plane

- 82 -


Connect • Aligns and possibly joins a set of

vertices, edges or faces

• Properties – Location property – T-junction property

Details View of Connect

Vertex Connect


Connect: Example (1) Edge Connect

Model with a gap

Location: Interpolated

Location: Preserve First

Both edges moved to interpolated location

Second edge moved to first edge location

- 83 -


Connect: Example (2) Edge Connect

Model with a gap Using

T-Junction


Face Connect • Additional options as per edge connect

Connect: Example (3)

Model with a gap

- 84 -


Surface Extension • Allows extension of surface bodies to the desired

extent

• Extension type – Natural: Based on gradients of selected edges – User Defined: User specifies the direction

Model with gap Model with gap closed

Details View of Surface Extension


Workshop 4 – Geometry Cleanup

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Introduction to ANSYS DesignModeler

Documents

Transcript of Introduction to ANSYS DesignModeler