Introduction Tank Gauging - Endress+Hauser
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Transcript of Introduction Tank Gauging - Endress+Hauser
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Folie 1
Introduction Tank Gauging Why and What it is
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Slide 2
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
What is Tank Gauging? What is Tank Gauging?
A generic name for the static quantityassessment of liquid products in bulk
storage tanks
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Slide 3
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Why Tank Gauging?
• Tank Gauging is essential to determine the inventory of liquidbulk storage tanks.
• Types of operation can be categorised to:
• Inventory Control• Custody Transfer
• Fluid Movement & Operations• Leakage Control & Reconciliation
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Slide 4
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Inventory Control
• Important ‘management tool’ for any refinery, terminal andstorage company. (How rich are we today?)
• Can be based on volume and/or Mass
• In-plant accuracy requirements are less critical compared withindependent storage companies and terminals. Reliability andrepeatability are much more important.
€
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Slide 5
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Custody Transfer
Measurement of product transfer between ship andshore and/or shore and pipeline transmissionsystems.(Batch dependant).
Use as verification tool for Flow meters.
Where Custody Transfer or assessment of taxes, dutiesor royalties are involved, the complete system must beofficially approved and certified.
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Slide 7
Introduction Tank Gauging
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Classification:INTERNAL
Leakage Control & Reconciliation
Increased awareness of the environmental impact of theindustry
Programs are initiated to reduce the risk of damage of theenvironment
More accurate information is generated for reconciliation, usedthe latest technology
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Slide 8
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Tank Gauging technologies
Because every user and application has its own requirements,there are different measurement techniques and solutions to
gauge the tank contentsThe following techniques are currently available:
Manual Gauging
Float and Tape Gauges
Servo Gauges
Radar Gauges
Hydrostatic Gauges
Hybrid Gauges
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Slide 9
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Manual Gauging
Using a graduated diptape or dipstick to determine the level
A method for verification of gauge performance, calibration and verification
Disadvantages:
Inaccurate (± 5-10 mm)
Inconsistency of the gauger
Safety regulations result in higher costs
Not always possible due to weather conditions
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Slide 10
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Servo Gauges
Developed during the 50’s
Float is replaced with a displacer suspended from a strongmeasuring wire
Accuracy is ± 0.7 mm
Can also measure interface and optional average density
Principle based on Archimedes law
Disadvantages:
Has still moving parts – perceives
Not suitable for heavy products (contamination of drum)
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Slide 11
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Radar Gauges
Developed in the 70’s for crude carriers (ships)
Non intrusive & no moving parts
Low maintenance costs
Uses microwaves to measure level
Accuracy ± 0.5, 3, 10 mm, depending on type/model
FMCW & PTOF
Disadvantages:
Less suitable for light products (e.g. LPG, LNG)
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Slide 12
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Uncertainties in Tank Gauging
Installation aspects
Temperature influences
Quantity assessment direct measured or derived.
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Slide 13
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Storage tank errors
Tank Bottom Movements
Tank Shell Thermal Expansion
Hydrostatic Deformation
Roof Weight changes
Gauge reference Height Stability
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Slide 14
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Tank Deformation
TYPICAL TANK DISTORTION DEFLECTION (mm)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
720 kg/m
865 kg/m1,000 kg/m
3
3
3
HEIGHT (m)22
20
18
16
14
12
10
86
4
2
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Slide 15
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Comparison of typical errors
A 16 m high tank, 36 m Diameter:
Example:
Equivalent Surface Area = 1 000 m 2, i.e. 1 mm Ξ 1 m 3
Total Tank Volume (15m) ~ 15 000 m 3
0.25 oC Temp uncertainty Ξ 3.8 m 3
Conclusion: GoodTemperature Measurement isa ‘must’, i.e.averaging with sufficientspots, distributed over thetank height
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Slide 16
Introduction Tank Gauging
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Classification:INTERNAL
Inventory Uncertainty
%0.5Ud15Ref. Density uncertainty
%0.3UVheel VHeel
%0.1UTCTTCT uncertainty
oC0.5Utemp.Total Temperature uncertainty
mm1UMDPManual Dip error
mm1UGRHGauge Ref Height uncertainty
mm1UATG ATG Level uncertainty
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Slide 17
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Batch Uncertainty
%0.5Ud15Ref. Density uncertainty
%0.1UTCTTCT uncertainty
oC0.5UtempTotal Temperature uncertainty
mm1UGRHGauge Ref Height uncertainty mm1UATG ATG Level uncertainty
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Slide 18
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Requirements Tank Gauging systems
Safety
Accuracy and Repeatability
Reliability and Availability
Compatible with operations
Stand-Alone capabilities
Operator friendly
Low maintenance
Easy to expand
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Slide 19
Introduction Tank Gauging
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Classification:INTERNAL
Requirements Tank Gauging systems (continued)
First order failure detection
Accepted for Custody transfer (OIML/PTB/NMi)
Compatible with international standards(API, ASTM, ISO)
Interface to host computers
Software support
Upgradeability
Service & spare parts support
Price/Performance ratio
Vendors quality assurance procedures (ISO 9001)
Financial situation of vendor
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Slide 20
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Requirements Automatic Tank Gauging
Product (& water) Level
Average Temperature (+ vapour temperature)
Average Density
Total Observed Volume (T.O.V.)
Gross Observed Volume (G.O.V.)
Gross Standard Volume (G.S.V.)
Volume of Water en Sediments (S&W)
Mass and Net Standard Volume (N.S.V.)
Mass or Net Weight in air
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Slide 21
Introduction Tank Gauging
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Classification:INTERNAL
Decision criteria Measuring method
Reliability & MTBF
Accuracy
Performance
Applicability to measurement task
Compatibility with existing field wiring
Cost of Ownership
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WMG-MSB
Slide 22
Introduction Tank Gauging
02/24/2004
Classification:INTERNAL
Tankvision Basic Concept
(Field Protocol) V1, WM550
MODBUS
Tank Scanner
OPC
SCADA
LAN TCP/IP
Modbus
Data Concentrator
Host Link FieldCare
DCS/PLC
Top USP for Tankvision• Easy & Cost effective Scalability
• Single Tank to Refinery
• Open Systems (communications)
• Operating System Independent
• Reduced & Simplified Engineering • No special licensing or software
• Redundancy
• Scalable at multiple levels
• Remote & Asset Configuration
• Full support for FieldCare
Tank Scanner
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Slide 23
Introduction Tank Gauging
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Classification:INTERNAL
Introduction Tank Gauging
Q u e s
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Q u e s t
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