Introduction Chapter 1 Dental Materials DAE/DHE 203.
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Transcript of Introduction Chapter 1 Dental Materials DAE/DHE 203.
![Page 1: Introduction Chapter 1 Dental Materials DAE/DHE 203.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081504/56649da95503460f94a96b6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction
Chapter 1Dental Materials
DAE/DHE 203
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Enthusiasm for the Subject!!
Student BEFORE Dental Materials class…
“What other topic could be so much to look forward to??”
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Physical Reactions…
Be careful…. this could happen to you!!
“I love Mental Materials!”
Student AFTER Dental Materials Class!!
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Introduction
The Science of Dental Materials Its importance to our studies
History of Dental Materials Characteristics of Ideal Dental
Materials Quality Assurance Programs Identification of Restorations
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The Science of Dental Materials:
Development & evaluation of materials Characteristics of the material Safety and Health Effectiveness and Duration
Dynamic field in dentistry
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The Science of Dental Materials:
“Why are we studying this field?”
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History of Dental Materials: Dating as early as 500 B.C. - present
Metals – gold Plaster and wax models Prosthetics of bone, ivory, wax, metals Porcelains – late 1700’s Amalgam – early 1800’s Acrylics – 1940’s Adhesive dentistry – 1970’s - present
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The Oral Environment:
“What characteristics of the oral environment potentially challenge and place demands upon dental materials?”
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Characteristics of Ideal Materials: Biocompatible –
Non-toxic, non-irritating, non-allergenic Mechanically stable & durable –
Strong, resistant to fracture Resistant to Corrosion –
Does not deteriorate over time Dimensionally Stable –
Little change by temperature & solvents
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Characteristics of Ideal Materials:
Minimal conduction – Insulates against thermal/electrical
change Esthetic –
Looks like oral tissue Easy to manipulate –
Minimal/reasonable effort & time needed Adheres to tissues –
Retains onto, and seals, tooth structure
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Characteristics of Ideal Materials:
Tasteless and Odorless – Not unpleasant to patient
Cleanable/Repairable – Easily maintained or fixed
Cost-effective – Affordability vs.
benefits/disadvantages
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Quality Assurance:
Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Ensures safety & efficacy of material/”device”
American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs establishes standards
and specifications ADA “seal of acceptance”
Clinical studies when there are no standards
International Standards Organization (ISO)
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Identification of Restorations:
“Dental Restoration” – Restores function & appearance of
oral structure lost by pathology, injury, or is congenitally missingExamples: Pathology – caries: filling Injury – broken tooth: crown Congenitally Missing: prosthetic (i.e.
bridge)
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Identification of Restorations:
Direct Restoration – A restoration that is created and
placed directly into the prep site of the tooth(i.e. amalgam filling, composite filling)
Indirect Restoration – A restoration that is created outside of
the mouth on a model of the prepped tooth and later fixed into the mouth(i.e. gold crown, denture)
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Direct Fillings:
Usually made of amalgam (“silver” metal) or composite (acrylic) materials
For caries of various degrees; anterior or posterior teeth
Posterior amalgam fillings
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Direct Fillings:
Posterior Composite Filling
Anterior Composite Filling
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Crown: Indirect restoration
to replace missing crown of tooth, or protect remaining crown of tooth
Caries, fractures, teeth with RCT, esthetics
Made of porcelain, metals, or both
Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crown
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Bridge:
An indirect restoration; to replace one or more missing teeth
“fixed” – not removable; cemented to existing teeth
Made of porcelain, metals, or both Abutment – the existing
tooth/teeth supporting the bridge Pontic – the replacement tooth
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Bridge:
Missing tooth –
area to be restored
Abutments
Pontic
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Bridge:
Anterior bridge on model
Anterior bridge before cementation
How many abutment teeth
does the patient have?
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Bridge:
Before treatment
After bridge cementation
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FYI: Ancient Egyptian Bridge
Gold wire used to hold pontic crowns.
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Indirect Restorations: Inlay –
A fabricated restoration made of metal or porcelain that replaces missing tooth structure; does NOT include the restoration of any cusps
Onlay – A fabricated restoration (as above)
that DOES include the restoration of at least one cusp
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Inlays vs. Onlays:
Porcelain Inlays
Gold Onlay
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Veneers:
All-porcelain or acrylic facing for tooth
Primarily used for esthetic reasons
Can alter shape & color of existing tooth
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Denture: The removable dental prosthetic
used to replace all of the teeth in an arch; patient is edentulous. Made of acrylic (teeth may be porcelain)
“Partial Denture” – replaces some teeth in the arch; patient is partially edentulous. Made of acrylic usually with metal
substructure and clasps
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Denture:
Full Upper and Lower Denture
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Denture:
Removable Partial Denture
metal clasp for retention
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Endodontic Restorations:
“Endodontic” – “inside” the tooth; root canal treatment (RCT) Gutta percha – used to fill the canal Post and Core –
The post is a metal piece that is screwed into and cemented into the root canal
The core is built-up around the post to create more available tooth structure
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Endodontic Restorations:
Gutta Percha
Post
(Silver Points used to be used in the canal as a filler.)
(The core is built upon this post.)
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Endodontic Restorations:
amalgam
postsGutta percha
Build-up unrestored pulp
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Pediatric Restorations:
Stainless Steel Crown (SSC):
Prefabricated Cemented
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Pediatric Restorations:Space Maintainer: Holds space where
primary tooth was prematurely lost
Stainless steel band/crown with loop
Fabricated outside of the mouth; cemented