Introduction and major issues, summer O3 pollution episodes in … · 2020. 9. 15. · Session on...
18
Session on tropospheric O 3 15 th and 16 th September 2020 6 th Joint Session of the Steering Body to EMEP and the Working Group on Effects 14-17 September 2020 Introduction and major issues, summer O 3 pollution episodes in Spain, and O 3 and COVID19 X. Querol 1 , J. Massagué 1 , M. in ‘t Veld 1 , C. Carnerero 1 , A. Alastuey 1 , E. Mantilla 2 , A. Muñoz 2 , E. Borrás 2 , T. Vera 2 , M. Escudero 3 , G. Gangoiti 4 , J. de la Rosa 5 , Ana Sánchez de la Campa 5 , J.R. Moreta 6 , A. Campos 8 , M. Hervás 8 , R. Javato 8 , M.J. Cornide 8 , M. Muñoz 8 1 Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain 2 Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, CEAM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Valencia, Spain 3 Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain 4 E.T.S. Ingeniería de Bilbao, Dpto. Ingeniería Química y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain 5 Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible, (CIQSO), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain 6 Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, AEMET, Madrid, Spain 7 D.G. Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y Reto Demográfico, Madrid, Spain
Transcript of Introduction and major issues, summer O3 pollution episodes in … · 2020. 9. 15. · Session on...
Session on tropospheric O3
15th and 16th September 2020
6th Joint Session of the Steering Body to EMEP and the Working Group on Effects14-17 September 2020
Introduction and major issues, summer O3 pollution episodes in Spain, and O3 and COVID19
X. Querol1, J. Massagué1, M. in ‘t Veld1, C. Carnerero1, A. Alastuey1, E. Mantilla2, A. Muñoz2, E. Borrás2, T. Vera2, M. Escudero3, G. Gangoiti4, J. de la Rosa5, Ana Sánchez de la Campa5,
J.R. Moreta6, A. Campos8, M. Hervás8, R. Javato8, M.J. Cornide 8, M. Muñoz8
1Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain2Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, CEAM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Valencia, Spain
3Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain4E.T.S. Ingeniería de Bilbao, Dpto. Ingeniería Química y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
5Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible, (CIQSO), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain6Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, AEMET, Madrid, Spain
7D.G. Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y Reto Demográfico, Madrid, Spain
Sub-session on atmospheric pollution of tropospheric O3
• Xavier Querol, EMEP- Sci. Bureau: Introduction and major issues, O3 in if summer acute pollution episodes in Spain, and O3 and COVID19
• Tim Butler HTAP. Hemispheric transport of O3, trends and hemispheric contributions to regional background levels, methane issues
• Augustin Colette, TFMM. Trends of O3 in Europe, local/regional/hemispheric contributions
• David Simpson, on behalf of MSC-W and CCC. VOCs used for O3 modelling and VOCs measured in EMEP. Methods used and regional coverage.
Sub-session on O3 effects
• Dorota Jarosinska, TFH, WHO, Ozone and health effects• Felicity Hayes, ICP- Vegetation, Effects of O3 crops and vegetation
Session on tropospheric O3
Review the state of the knowledge on tropospheric O3 pollution in the perspective of the review the Gothenburg Protocol
• Trends and changes in the last decade• Modelling capabilities• VOCs and NOx as precursors• Evaluation of measured VOCs and those needed for proper modelling• Potential for O3 abatement strategies• Effects on health and ecosystems
What are we learning on this issue from the COVID19?
Session on tropospheric O3
AIMS
• Need for always specifying when trends, contributions, emissions and abatement policies refer to background O3 and spring-summer O3 pollution episodes
• What modelling and experimental tools are available to differentiate local, regional, hemispheric and stratospheric contributions and implement accurate sensitivity analysis?
• Have enough accurate information on VOC precursors covering regional variability and changes in the last decades?
• Is the EMEP strategy on VOCs measurements fully implemented. Does it cover all VOCs necessary for O3 modelling
• What scales are required for accurately modelling local contributions and complex meteorology
• O3 acute episodes decreased in the last decades, but are these decreasing in the last one?
• Idem for the increase of urban O3
• What are the feedbacks of O3 and climate?• What are the expected impacts of climate warming on both BACKGROUND AND
LOCAL/REGIONAL O3 pollution episodes?• And on other pollutants, such as PM2.5, in urban areas where O3 increases• What are the major effects of O3
TO WHAT EXTEND CAN BE TROPOSPHERIC O3 COTS-EFFECTLY REDUCED AT BACKGROUND AND PEAK LOCAL/REGIONAL POLLUTION
1. Local/regional/hemispheric contributions during intensive O3 episodes: A general mismatch between modelling & experimental approaches
O3 2010 ̶ 2019 Spain
N = 332 (excluding Canary Isd.), sites with >7 years, ≥75% data coverage 2010 ̶ 2019, and in operation 2018-2019
93,2 of 8hDM averages N of daily 8hDM ≥ 120 µg m-3
N of days hourly O3> 150 µg m-3 N of days hourly O3> 180 µg m-3
Updated from Querol X. et al., 2016Science of the Total Environment
O3 2000 ̶ 2015 Spain
Airborne, microlight O3 (PO3M), BC, PM2.5, UFP, meteo
OVOCs, HVOCs 27/06/2019 to 12/07/2019
09-11/07/2019, 8, 14, 20 hLT
O3 & meteo free-soundings 09-11/07/2019
1. Local/regional/hemispheric contributions during intensive O3 episodes: A general mismatch between modelling & experimental approaches
Results of the field campaign: Microlight flights (09-11/07/2019)
1. Local/regional/hemispheric contributions during intensive O3 episodes: A general mismatch between modelling & experimental approaches
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
7:40 7:55 8:10 8:25 8:40 8:55 9:10 9:25 9:40 9:55 10:10 10:25
Alt
itu
d (
m s
.n.m
.)
O3
(pp
b)
Hora:minuto (Local)
09/07/2019 8:00-10:20 h LT O3
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
50
100
150
200
7:40 7:55 8:10 8:25 8:40 8:55 9:10 9:25 9:40 9:55 10:10 10:25
BC
(n
g m
-3)
PM
2.5
(µ
g m
-3)
Hora:minuto (Local)
09/07/2019 8:00-10:20 h LT BC
0 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 6565 - 70
70 - 80
80 - 90
0 - 150
150 - 250
250 - 350
350 - 450
450 - 600600 - 1000
1000 - 5000
Results of the field campaign: Conceptual model O3 episodes VdG
In ‘t Veld et al., 2020STOTEN
Submitted
1. Local/regional/hemispheric contributions during intensive O3 episodes: A general mismatch between modelling & experimental approaches
Results of the field campaign: Microlight flights (09-11/07/2019)
1. Local/regional/hemispheric contributions during intensive O3 episodes: A general mismatch between modelling & experimental approaches
Midday
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
13:15 13:30 13:45 14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:15 15:30 15:45
Hora:minuto (Local)
UFP
(#
cm-3
)
BC
(n
g m
-3)
09/07/2019 13:15-15:40 h LT
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
13:15 13:30 13:45 14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:15 15:30 15:45
Hora:minuto (Local)
Alt
itu
d (
m s
.n.m
.)
O3
(pp
b)
09/07/2019 13:15-15:40 h LT
0
20
40
60
80
100
13:15 13:30 13:45 14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:15 15:30 15:45
Hora:minuto (Local)
PM
2.5
(µ
g m
-3)
09/07/2019 13:15-15:40 h LT
0 - 1300
1300 - 3700
3700 - 6200
6200 - 8800
8800 - 1360013600 - 22600
22600 - 43500
43500 - 145000
UFP
PM2.5
0 - 21
21 - 24
24 - 26
26 - 28
28 - 3232 - 50
50 - 200
O3
0 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 6565 - 70
70 - 80
80 - 90
Plume petrochemical plant
Zone with intensive agricultural burning
Urban plune X
Y
Z
Results of the field campaign: VOCs (27/06/2019 to 12/07/2019)
Sector Jaén
Sector Córdoba
Sector Sevilla
Sector Huelva
Cluster 0 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3
2-Pentanona 1,2,4-Trimetilbenceno 1,2,3-Triclorobenceno a-pineno
Acetaldehído 1-Hepteno 1,3,5-Trimetilbenceno Benzoquinona
Butiraldehído 1-Octeno 2,2-Dimetilbutano b-pineno
Formaldehído 4-Etiltolueno 2-Butanona Dimetilestireno
Hexanal Acetona Benzonitrilo Glicolaldehído
Hexanona Acetofenona Butilacetato Sabinketona
Hidroxiacetona Benceno Etilbenzeno Limoneno
Metacroleina Camfeno Heptano m-Cimeno
Nonanal Decano Hexano Metilciclohexano
Pivaldehído Dodecano m,p-Xileno Pinonaldehído
Ácido pirúvico Heptanal o-Tolualdehído Tetradecano
Valeraldehído Hexametilciclotrisiloxano o-Xileno Valerolactona
Indano Ácido propanoico
m-Propiltolueno Estireno
Nonano Tetracloroetileno
Octametilciclotetrasiloxano Tolueno
Octanal
Octano
o-Cimeno
o-Propiltolueno
Propilbenceno
Tribromometano
Trimetilbenceno isómero_1
Trimetilbenceno isómero_2
Undecano
2. The issue of VOCS
Results of the field campaign: (27/06 to 12/07/2019 VdG, 03 to 17/07/2019, Vic-BCN)
Maximum O3 Formation Potential by aggregating [concentrations x MIR (Carter, 2009) maximum incremental reactivity]
2. The issue of VOCS
3. Impact on urban O3 rising on oxidative patterns and secondary PM formation
The issue of the origin of organic carbon in PM: Increasing oxidizing patterns
• Urban O3 levels are increasing in many urban areas of the EU• Causes:
• Urban NOx decreased very smoothly, but NO more steeply• Saturated areas in NOx and VOCs sensitive
• Net effect: increasing oxidizing capacity of the urban atmosphere: higher PM (nitrate and SOA)
Madrid city: Modelled 2004-2007 averaged annual increase in %
OH radical NO3 radical
Traffic sites Madrid
Saíz-López A. et al. (2017) Scientific Reports 7, 45956
O3
4. COVID19 and O3 in Spain
Road traffic reduction
in Barcelona64% whole lockdown80% full lockdown22% relaxation June17% relaxation JunJul
in Madrid62% whole lockdown80% full lockdown34% relaxation June19% relaxation JunJul
5
-1
-3
-8
-11
-8
-5
-8
-9
-8 -12
Whole lockdown period16/03 to 30/05/2020
corrected with 2015-2019data
RURAL RECEPTOR AREAS
-2
9
-3
10
3
-1
0
-7
1
-8
Whole lockdown period16/03 to 30/05/2020
corrected with 2015-2019data
-6
METROPOLITAN AREAS
2
12
-25
5
-6
-3
-6
-4
Relaxation period 31/05 to 30/06/2020 left
31/05 to 31/07/2020 rightcorrected with 2015-2019
data
-5
METROPOLITAN AREAS
-12
-11
8
8
-18
14
1
-10
-53
11
-1-3 -25
6
-8
-2
Relaxation period 31/05 to 30/06/2020 left
31/05 to 31/07/2020 rightcorrected with 2015-2019
data
RURAL RECEPTOR AREAS
-16
-34
-17
-8
-1
11
-6 0
-5
-16 -4
-23 -9
-19 -15
-38
% O3 8hDMA REDUCTION(2020 LOCKDOWN/PRE-PANDEMIC)-(2015-2019 LOCKDOWN/PRE-PANDEMIC)
(2020 RELAXATION/PRE-PANDEMIC)-(2015-2019 RELAXATION/PRE-PANDEMIC)PRE-PANDEMIC: 14/02 TO 15/03; LOCKDOWN: 16/03 TO 30/05, RELAXATION: 31/05 TO 30/06 AND 31/05 TO 31/07
Querol et al. 2020. In preparation
8hDMA O3 change 15th March to 30th April
Ordóñez C. et al. (2020) STOTEN, 747, July 2020
4. COVID19 and O3 in Spain
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
02000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
2000-2019 Mean Ox µg/m3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2000-2019 Mean O3 µg/m3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD+0.74µg/m3/year p<0.001+0.49µg/m3/year p<0.001
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD+0.55µg/m3/year p<0.001
+0.10µg/m3/year p>0.1
80
60
40
20
0
80
60
40
20
02000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
+0.48µg/m3/year p<0.1+0.00µg/m3/year p>0.1
+0.13µg/m3/year p>0.1+0.02µg/m3/year p>0.1
-0.21µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.11µg/m3/year p<0.1
+0.01µg/m3/year p>0.1+0.05µg/m3/year p>0.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
-0.31µg/m3/year p<0.1-0.36µg/m3/year p<0.05
-0.26µg/m3/year p>0. 1-0.08µg/m3/year p>0.1
µg
/m3
µg
/m3
2010-2019 2010-2019
2010-2019 2010-2019
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
30
20
10
0
-10-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
2000-2019 Percentile 93.2 8h µg/m3 O3
N exceedances 1h>180µg/m3 O3/site/year2000-2019
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
30
20
10
0
-102000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD+0.19µg/m3/year p>0.1 +0.52µg/m3/year p<0.01-0.10µg/m3/year p>0.1-0.28µg/m3/year p<0.05
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
02000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
30
20
10
0
-10
-0.03µg/m3/year p>0.1 +0.52µg/m3/year p<0.01-0.46µg/m3/year p>0.1-0.28µg/m3/year p<0.05
-0.09µg/m3/year p<0.001 -0.02µg/m3/year p<0.1-0.13µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.04µg/m3/year p>0.1
-0.03µg/m3/year p>0.1-0.04µg/m3/year p<0.1-0.01µg/m3/year p>0.1+0.03µg/m3/year p<0.05
N/s
ite
/yea
rµ
g/m
3
2010-2019 2010-2019
2010-2019 2010-2019
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2000-2019 AOT40 µg/m3 O3 hour
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 202000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
2000-2019 SOMO35 µg/m3 O3 day10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 202000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
µg
/m3
h
ou
r
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
µg
/m3
d
ay
+26µg/m3h/year p>0.1
+174µg/m3h/year p<0.05+26µg/m3h/year p>0.1
+127µg/m3 h/year p>0.1
+96µg/m3h/year p>0.1 +251µg/m3h/year p<0.01-143µg/m3h/year p>0.1+72µg/m3h/year p>0.1
+80µg/m3d/year p<0.001
+87µg/m3d/year p<0.001+31µg/m3d/year p<0.1
+14µg/m3 d/year p>0.1
+49µg/m3d/year p>0.1-26µg/m3 d/year p>0.1
+50µg/m3d/year p>0. 1-16µg/m3d/year p>0.1
2010-2019 2010-2019
2010-2019 2010-2019
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 202000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
µg
/m3
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000-2019 NO µg/m3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
µg
/m3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
60
50
40
30
20
10
02000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20182000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
2000-2019 NO2 µg/m3
-1.18µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.39µg/m3/year p<0.001
-0.58µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.02µg/m3/year p<0.1
-0.28µg/m3/year p<0.1-0.04µg/m3/year p<0.05
-0.57µg/m3/year p<0.05-0.15µg/m3/year p<0.1
-0.88µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.47µg/m3/year p<0.001
-0.57µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.09µg/m3/year p<0.01
-0.77µg/m3/year p<0.001-0.18µg/m3/year p<0.001
-0.47µg/m3/year p<0.1-0.16µg/m3/year p<0.1
2010-2019 2010-2019
2010-2019 2010-2019
