Introducing and Comparing Operating Systems
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A+ Guide to SoftwareManaging, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Introducing and Comparing
Operating Systems
Chapter 1
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2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
You Will Learn… What an operating system does How DOS began and how it is used today About the various Windows operating
systems and the differences between them
Advantages and disadvantages of common non-Windows operating systems
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What an Operating System Does
Controls hardware components that make up a computer
Acts as a middleman between applications and hardware
Provides an interface that a user or application can use
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How an OS Relates to Users, Applications, and Hardware
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Common Operating Systems
DOS Windows 9x Windows NT, Windows 2000, and
Windows XP UNIX Linux OS/2 Mac OS
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Four Main Functions of an Operating System
Managing hardware
Managing files
Providing a user interface
Managing applications
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Operating System Functions
Managing hardware Managing the BIOS Managing memory Diagnosing problems with software and
hardware Interfacing between hardware and software
Managing files On hard, floppy, CD-ROM, and other drives Creating, storing, retrieving, deleting, and
moving files
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Providing a user interface Performing housekeeping procedures
requested by users Providing a way for a user to manage the
desktop, hardware, applications, and data Managing applications
Installing and uninstalling applications Running applications and managing the
interface to hardware on behalf of an application
Operating System Functions (continued)
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Operating System Components Two main components
Shell
• Relates to user and applications
• Provides command, menu, or icon interface to user using various interface tools (e.g., Windows Explorer, Control Panel, or My Computer)
Kernel
• Interacts with hardware
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Operating System Components (continued)
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How an OS Relates to Users
Command-driven interfaces User types commands
Menu-driven interfaces User chooses from list of options
Icon-driven interfaces (GUI or graphical user interface) User selects icon (picture) on the screen
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A Command-Driven Interface
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A Menu-Driven Interface
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An Icon-Driven Interface
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Terminology for Comparing OSs Thread
Process that a CPU is aware of 16-bit (real) mode 32-bit (protected) mode FAT (file allocation table) and FAT32
Tracks Sectors Clusters
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Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters
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Terminology for Comparing OSs (continued)
Random access memory (RAM) Temporary memory stored on chips inside
computer
Place to store programs and data
Contents disappear when computer is off
Several ports to connect different devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, printer)
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Types of RAM Modules
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Comparing Operating Systems
What kind of user interface does it provide?
How many and what kinds of applications are written to work with it?
What are hardware requirements for efficient use?
What computer ports and other hardware devices and features does it support?
How does the OS perform in a network?
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DOS (Disk Operating System)
First OS used by IBM microcomputers
Simple and reliable
Primary use today is as troubleshooting tool
Used in some proprietary systems where older hardware and software are still doing the job
Provides underlying OS for Windows 9x
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DOS (Disk Operating System) (continued)
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DOS (Disk Operating System) (continued)
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Windows Operating Systems
Windows 9x
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
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Windows 9x
Collective term for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me
Retains fundamental DOS core
Plug and Play (PnP)
Introduced 32-bit programming
Backward-compatible with older software and hardware while taking advantage of new technology
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How Windows 9x Differs from Windows 3.x and DOS
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A Windows 9x Interface
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Windows 9x Hardware Requirements
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows 9x
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Windows 98 Upgrades
Windows 98 Second Edition(Windows 98 SE)
Windows Millennium Edition(Windows Me)
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Windows 98 SE Includes:
Several patches for the first edition
Updates of existing components
Some new components
Most features involve improved networking and Internet access Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
Support for modems that use a USB port
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Windows Me
Moves one step closer to phasing out Windows 9x and replacing it with Windows XP
Designed for home users
Focuses on enhancements to multimedia features
Includes compression utility for video files and a video editor
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Windows NT/2000/XP Designed to replace Windows 9x Versions of Windows NT and Windows
2000 are designed as server OSs Competes with UNIX in client/server
industry
Windows NT and Windows 2000 can manage LAN access Competes with Novell NetWare in LAN
market
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Goals of Windows NT/2000/XP
Eliminate the DOS Core Used by Windows 9x
Room to Grow Portability to Different Platforms Compatibility with Legacy Software Security Performance and Reliability Support for Hardware
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Checking the HCL
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Choosing Between Windows 9x and Windows NT/2000/XP
In most situations, you should install Windows XP on a PC
Windows 9x or Windows Me might be appropriate if: You have legacy hardware not supported by
Windows NT/2000/XP Your PC is not powerful enough to support
Windows NT/2000/XP Your software runs better on Windows 9x than
it does under Windows XP
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Choosing Between Windows 9x and Windows NT/2000/XP (continued)
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Windows NT First step in major evolution of Microsoft
Windows terminating in Windows XP
Supports multiprocessing
Designed for a powerful client-server network environment
Windows NT Workstation is designed to run on clients
Windows NT Server is designed to run on servers
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Windows NT (continued)
Difficult to install and support
Most organizations that used Windows NT have upgraded to Windows 2000 or Windows XP
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows NT
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Minimum Hardware Requirements for Windows NT
Pentium-compatible processor or higher
16 MB of RAM (32 MB recommended)
125 MB of hard disk space
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Hardware Platforms Supported by Windows NT
Intel x86-based (486 or higher) processor
MIPS R4x00-based processor
Alpha AXP-based processor
PReP-compliant PowerPC-based processor
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Windows 2000 Windows 2000 is a suite of operating
systems, each designed for a different sized system
The Windows 2000 desktop resembles that of Windows 9x and Windows NT
Built on Windows NT Designed to replace Windows 9x for
low-end system and Windows NT for high-end systems
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Windows 2000 (continued)
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Windows 2000 (continued)
All versions have same fundamental core and execute programs in same manner Windows 2000 Professional
Windows 2000 Server
Windows 2000 Advanced Server
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
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Hardware and Software Supported by Windows 2000
See the hardware compatibility list (HCL) at www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/search.mspx
Search the list of compatible software at www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/howtobuy/upgrading/compat/search/software.asp
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Hardware Supported by Windows 2000
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Advantages of Windows 2000 versus Windows NT
Reliability
Security
Personalized Start Menu
Power Use Improved Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface (ACPI) features
Added Notebook Computer Features
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Personalized Start Menu
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Windows 2000 Control Panel
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Power Use
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Added Notebook Computer Features Offline Files and Folders allows the user to
work offline on network files
A notebook user can connect from home to a corporate network over an Internet connection secured by encryption
Power management features are enhanced and improved over those of Windows 98
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows 2000
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Windows XP
Attempts to accomplish integration of Windows 9x and Windows 2000 while providing added support for digital and networking technologies
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Versions of Windows XP
Two main versions Windows XP Home
Windows XP Professional
Other Versions Windows XP Media Center Edition
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
Windows XP 64-bit Edition
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Features of Windows XP
New user interface
Ability for two users to log on simultaneously
Windows Media Player for Windows XP
Windows Messenger
Expanded Help
Advanced security features
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Windows XP Desktop
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Features of Windows XP Professional
Features for remote access
Remote desktop
Roaming user profiles
Additional security features
Multilingual capabilities
Support for higher-performance processors
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Minimum Requirements for Windows XP
64 MB or RAM (128 MB recommended)
1.5 GB free hard drive space(2 GB recommended)
CPU that runs at least 233 MHz(300 MHz recommended)
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows XP
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Windows XP and Previous Windows OSs
Windows XP is replacing all previous versions of Windows in the home market and for the corporate desktop
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Other Operating Systems
UNIX
Linux
OS/2
Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)
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UNIX
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Linux
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GUI Shell for UNIX and Linux
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OS/2
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Mac OS
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Mac OS (continued)
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Summary
Introduction to different operating systems and what they have in common
What an operating system does and how it relates to the user
The evolution from DOS to Windows 9x and to Windows NT/2000/XP
Alternate OSs (UNIX, Linux, OS/2, Mac OS)