Generators, Motors and How We Get ElectricityGenerators, Motors and How We Get ElectricityTopics TopicsWhat is electricity?Energy ConversionThe Faraday EffectMotor vs. GeneratorAC!CEnergy Trends " the case for GreenWhat is electricity?Energy ConversionThe Faraday EffectMotor vs. GeneratorAC!CEnergy Trends " the case for GreenWhat is Electricity? What is Electricity?Electricity is energy transported by the motion of electronsElectricity is energy transported by the motion of electrons**We do not make electricity, we CONVERT other energy sorces into electrical energy****We do not make electricity, we CONVERT other energy sorces into electrical energy**Con!ersion is the name of the game Con!ersion is the name of the gameEnergy Conversion #ptions for Electricity$on"Ther%al &athsEnergy Conversion #ptions for Electricity$on"Ther%al &aths SourcetoElectricalSource ConverterSun Photovoltaic(photontoelectron)Chemical FuelCell SourcetoPotential/KinetictoMechanicaltoElectricalSource Converter KinetictoMechanical MechtoElectricalDam Penstocks Turbine(water) eneratorTi!es Machine Turbine(airorwater) enerator"in! #/$ Turbine(air) eneratorEnergy Conversion #ptions for ElectricityTher%al &athsEnergy Conversion #ptions for ElectricityTher%al &aths %eattoMechanicaltoElectricalSource %eattoMechanical MechtoElectricaleothermal Turbine(vapor) enerator&TEC Turbine(vapor) enerator Store!Ener'(to%eattoMechanicaltoElectricalSource )eactor %eattoMechanical MechtoElectricalFuel Combustor Turbine('asorvapor) enerator*+Pu )eactor Turbine('asorvapor) eneratorSun Collector, Turbine('asorvapor) enerator%+%-+%.)eactor Turbine('asorvapor) enerator,Moreamo!i/ierorconcentratorthanareactor Faraday Effect Faraday Effect Fara!a(E//ect 0asicConcepts Voltage V Potential to Move Charge (volts) Current I Charge Movement (amperes or amps) Resistance R V = IxR (R in =ohms) Power P = IxV = I2xR (watts) Electric Motor Electric Motor"ElectricalEnergy"echanicalEnergy#C "otor#C "otorModel Electric Motor Model Electric MotorBeakman Motor Beakman MotorWhat do yo need$ What do yo need$%& Electric Energy'& Coil(& "agnetic )ield%& Electric Energy'& Coil(& "agnetic )ieldElectric Generator Electric Generator*"echanicalEnergyElectricalEnergy+tationary magnets , rotating magnets , electromagnets+tationary magnets , rotating magnets , electromagnetsAC!C 'not the (and)AC!C 'not the (and)Alternating Current*arge"scale generators prod+ce ACFollows sine wave with n cycles per second,, -, ."phase?/01,-2 3,42 H5E+rope1 -62 3,72H5Transfor%ing a(ilityAlternating Current*arge"scale generators prod+ce ACFollows sine wave with n cycles per second,, -, ."phase?/01,-2 3,42 H5E+rope1 -62 3,72H5Transfor%ing a(ilityDirect Current8atteries, &hotovoltaics, f+el cells, s%all !C generatorsCharge in #$E direction$egative, &ositive ter%inalsEasy conversion AC to !C, not !C to ACDirect Current8atteries, &hotovoltaics, f+el cells, s%all !C generatorsCharge in #$E direction$egative, &ositive ter%inalsEasy conversion AC to !C, not !C to ACGenerator Phases 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 PhaseSmooth Power0 000! 00" 00"! 002 002! 00# 00#!"!0"00!00!0"00"!02002!0220""0 V t ( )V"t ( )V2t ( )V#t ( )00## 0 t0 000! 00" 00"! 002 002! 00# 00#!"!0"00!00!0"00"!0""0""0 V t ( )V" t ( )V2 t ( )V# t ( )00## 0 t0 000! 00" 00"! 002 002! 00# 00#!"!0"00!00!0"00"!0200"!!!$#""0 V t ( )V"t ( )V2t ( )V#t ( )00## 0 tPolyphase Systems 3 phases for smoother torque deliveryForce Drivin !otor "#ed$ 0ingle &hase Two &hase Three &haseWhere do we get o+r Electricity?Where do we get o+r Electricity? Fossil 9 Coal, $at+ral Gas, #il 9 772 Gigawatts 'GW) $+clear 9 -22 GW Hydro 9 :7 GW Geother%al 9 -.. GW #ther ;enewa(le 9 Wind, 0olar, #TEC 9 ,..4 GW2,-.674: