Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief...
Transcript of Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief...
![Page 1: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Intro to Conservation
Biology
![Page 2: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Preview
1. Coming to Terms
2. History of Conservation
3. Conservation Ethics
4. Conservation Biology
![Page 3: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Humans interact with the
environment
–Food
–Water
–Shelter
–Space
Coming to Terms 1.
Images: www.wikipedia.org
![Page 4: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Coming to Terms
• How humans DO interact:
–Biology: diet, body size
–Behavior: social, nonmigratory
–Technology: tools, energy sources
–Ecologist: study of human-
environment interactions
1.
![Page 5: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Coming to Terms
• How humans SHOULD interact:
–Conservationist: use resources
wisely
–Preservationist: protect areas
from human interference
–Environmentalist: limit our impact
–Terms are not mutually exclusive
1.
![Page 6: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
blog.nwf.org
• Conservation in nature
![Page 7: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
www.cbc.ca
• Conservation among humans
Inuit food cache Manitoba, Canada (~1,000 BP)
Storage of corn, squash, and beans Oaxaca, Mexico (~10,000 BP)
whc.unesco.org
![Page 8: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
• Humans and technology
manitobamuseum.ca
![Page 9: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
Sandom et al. 2014
Proportion of extinct animals
Areas of human influence
![Page 10: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
Images: www.wikipedia.org
• Large-scale hunting (1800s)
![Page 11: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
• Pattern
–Human population
growth/expansion
–New technology
–Overexploitation of resources
–Conservation response
![Page 12: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
History of Conservation
• Mauritius
–Isolated, volcanic origin
–Many endemic species
–Discovered by Portugese in 1500s;
used by Dutch as penal colony • Introduced species
• Overhunting
2.
Images: www.wikipedia.org
Dodo
![Page 13: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
History of Conservation 2.
• Environmental Policy in the USA
–Colonialism • No attachment to land
• Propaganda of abundance
–Bag limits on deer as early as 1639
![Page 14: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Timber Culture Act (1873): encouraged the timber industry to clear-cut ancient trees with little government policy to limit logging or encourage conservation
Withgott and Laposata 2012
2.
![Page 15: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1900s: Nature is important for
humans; deserves protection
Withgott and Laposata 2012
2.
![Page 16: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1872: Yellowstone National Park established
1916: National Park Service created www.wikipedia.org
2.
![Page 17: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1900s: Conservation (“wise use”)
provides the greatest good for the
most people for the longest time
Withgott and Laposata 2012
2.
![Page 18: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1903: Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge established
www.wikipedia.org
2.
![Page 19: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1905: US Forest Service established
www.wikipedia.org
2.
![Page 20: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1940s: Healthy ecological systems depend on protecting all parts
Withgott and Laposata 2012
2.
![Page 21: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1962: Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring described the ecological and health effects of pesticides and chemicals
2.
Withgott and Laposata 2012
Silent Spring
![Page 22: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Withgott and Laposata 2012
2.
1960s-1970s: Increased environmental activism and legislation
![Page 23: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conservation Ethics
• Three approaches to
conservation
–Romantic-Transcendental
Preservation
–Resource Conservation
–Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic
3.
![Page 24: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conservation Ethics
• Romantic-Transcendental
Preservation
–Nature as a temple
“places for rest, inspiration, and
prayers” –John Muir
–Spiritual uses vs. economic uses
3.
John Muir
![Page 25: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Conservation Ethics
• Resource Conservation
–Natural resources • Economic benefit
• Ecosystem services
• Aesthetic value
3.
Fig. 1.3
Gifford Pinchot
![Page 26: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Conservation Ethics
• Muir and Pinchot • Different ethics, same justification
• Anthropocentric view
– Emphasis on instrumental value (resources,
inspiration)
– Less emphasis on intrinsic value
3.
![Page 27: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conservation Ethics
• Evolutionary-Ecological Land
Ethic
–Emphasized intrinsic value of
species
–Humans and nature are not
separate; but together
3.
Green Fire Search
![Page 28: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• Different from other types of
biology
• It is goal-oriented and applied
4.
www.nps.gov
![Page 29: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• Soule (1985)
–Goal: to provide principles and tools for preserving biological diversity
–Crisis discipline
–Tend to think of systems, not: • “our” resources
• Individual species
4.
![Page 30: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Soule 1985
4.
A Multidisciplinary Field
![Page 31: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• Soule (1985) cont’d
–Diversity is good
–Complexity is good
–Evolutionary potential is good
–Biotic diversity has intrinsic value
4.
Conservation Biologist
![Page 32: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• Often involves political advocacy
• Not “value-neutral”
• Different from natural resource
management
4.
![Page 33: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
4.
Figure 1.4
![Page 34: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• A Brief History
–1978: First international
conference on conservation biology
–1980: First textbook, Conservation
Biology, by Soule and Wilcox
–1987: First professional society and
journal
4.
![Page 35: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
4.
conbio.org
Figure 1.5
![Page 36: Intro to Conservation Biology ENV 145/Lec1... · 2017. 9. 11. · Conservation Biology •A Brief History –1978: First international conference on conservation biology –1980:](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052018/6030e54f718aae620340a793/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Resources Publications
Hunter Jr., M. L., and J. Gibbs. 2007. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology,
3rd Edition. Blackwell, Malden.
Sandom, C., Faurby, S., Sandel, B., and J-C. Svenning. Global late quaternary
megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281:20133254.
Soule, M. E. 1985. What is conservation biology? BioScience 35(11):727-734.
Withgott, J. and M. Laposata. 2012. Essential Environment: The Science
behind the Stories, 4th Edition. Pearson, New York.
Media
Society for Conservation Biology: conbio.org
Nearly complete dodo skeleton sold at auction:
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-38068828