Intro terrorism

Introduction To Terrorism

Objectives (1.1) Describe phases and characteristics of

terrorist operations and potential indicators of terrorist activity

(1.2) Identify Iraqi Insurgent Groups (1.3) Explore the Foreign Jihadist in Iraq (1.4) Review lessons learned from past terrorist

operations.

Terrorist Operations

Intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally:

PoliticalReligiousIdeological

CharacteristicsDynamic

Instantaneous media events Hit and run tactics Impeccable OPSEC Multiple targets may be hit Detailed Planning Detailed Surveillance

Simple Relatively easy to command, control, and support Limit numbers to a small group of well trained and

dedicated individuals

Types of Cells

Operational

Intelligence

Auxiliary

Potential Indicators

Unusual or prolonged interest in security measures Starring or quickly looking away from personnel or

motorcades entering or leaving Observation of security drills Use of cameras, video recorders or note-taking Attempts to penetrate or test security and response Rehearsal and dry runs Mapping out routes Timing traffic flow or signals Monitoring key facilities

Iraqi Insurgent Groups Al- Faraq Brigades

Operate in the Al- Anbar province and Ramadi region

Incredibly resourceful, continually evolving tactics

Operations Responsible for numerous attacks on US personnel Destroyed three armored vehicles in Ramadi, killing ten us

personnel Claimed to have infiltrated port city of Al- Bakr and fired

French made missiles at us vessels

“The Jihadi resistance in Iraq is able to use means that do not occur to the Americans. The future holds yet more surprises.”

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsArmed Vanguards of Mohammad’s Second ArmyMission: To wage holy war on coalition forces in order to force

foreigners from their land

Goals: “To fight every foreigner until victory or martyrdom and to make every American regret their occupation of Mohammad’s land.”

OPS Claimed responsibility for attack on UN HQ in Baghdad,

killing 23 and wounding 100 Multiple attacks on US and Coalition forces

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsIraqi Resistance Islamic Front

Formed by smaller Sunni resistance groups brought together by common political goals

OPS Numerous martyrdom operations Shelling of coalition commands Shelling of Mosul Airport Specifically targeting US Intel members

Promised to “Break America’s Back”

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsArmy of Ansar al –Sunna

Sunni Muslim militant group fighting the US led occupation and declared war on Iyad Allawi.

OPS Responsible for beheading of Nepali civilian and

shooting death of eleven of his countryman. The deaths were videotaped and sparked Anti-Muslim riots in Nepal

Beheading of Iraqi security force personnel Responsible for an attack on US dining hall in Mosul

which killed 14 US personnel

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsArmy of Ansar al –Sunna (Continued)

Jan 22, 05 bombing of Shiite wedding, killing 11 Beheaded Iraqi national guardsman in broad daylight and

left warning attached to the body in the middle of the road

“Emir of the group’ has warned Iraqis not to deal with US forces, and threatens to kill and send to hell all who disobey”

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsAnsar al IslamGoal: To seek to transform Iraq’s Kurdish land into an Islamic State

Receives logistic support from Iran and Syria. Provides route into Iraq for foreign jihadist to join Ansar

OPS Seized control of several villages in Northern Iraq and

governed according to Sharia Law. Aug. 7, 2003 bombing of Jordanian Embassy in Baghdad. Bombing of UN HQ in Baghdad. Suicide bombings of Shiite Shrines in Baghdad and Karbala. VBIED Mount Lebanon hotel in Baghdad Continues to operate as part of Zurqawi network

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsAl – Mahdi Army

“Americans invaded

Iraq to seize and kill the Mahdi”

Little or no formal religious standing Advised by Iran based cleric

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsAl – Mahdi Army (Continued)

Goals: To replace the more traditional faction as the voice of Iraq’s Shiite majority

Redress decades of suppression by Sunni Muslims under Saddam’s rule

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsOPS

Mob killings of rival clerics Surrounded the house of Grand Ayatollah Al – Sistani Target US, British, Italian, and Polish troops Has occupied police stations and government buildings Anyone who captured female soldiers could keep them as

slaves

“ The Army belongs to the Mahdi, and therefore cannot be disbanded ”

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsJamaat al – Tawhid wa’l Jihad

Abu Musab Al – Zarqawi

Jordanian citizen, who joined Islamic Mujaheedin in AFG in 1980’s

Contacted AQ to train his Jordanian operatives in AFG in 1990’s

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsJamaat al – Tawhid wa’l Jihad (Continued)

Eventually established his own cell and training camps

Was paid to work with Hizballah to smuggle JTJ operatives into Palestine for follow-on operations in Israel

Additional cells operate in Germany under JTJ banner

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsGoals: Originally to overthrow the Jordanian Government

Force withdrawal of US led forces from Iraq, topple the interim government and assassinate collaborators.

Set Iraq’s minority Sunni population against it’s majority Shiites

Targets Beheadings Kidnapping Suicide bombings ISF Shiite Kurds Political / Religious figures Targeted Assassinations

Iraqi Insurgent GroupsJamaat al – Tawhid wa’l Jihad (Continued)

“We deliver to the nation the news that both Jama’at Al –Tawhid wa’l Jihad and soldiers have pledged allegiance to the sheik of the Mujaheedin, Osama bin Laden, and that they will follow his orders in Jihad for the sake of God”

Foreign Insurgents

Foreign Insurgents“We know that the pathway into Iraq for many foreign fighters is through Syria. It’s a fact. We know it. The Syrians know it.”

- General Richard MyersChairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff

Foreign Insurgents

Unsponsored Foreign Jihadist Arab nationalist, religious

extremist Collapse of Iraqi border controls Mentored by Sunni Imams

Foreign InsurgentsNon-State Organizations

Sent in as package team More formidable than individual

foreign jihadist Create logistical infrastructure for

smuggling weapons across borders

Need the support of Iraq fighters to be successful

Foreign InsurgentsSalafist in Iraq

Foreign jihadist who adhere to strict interpretation of Sunni Islam

Deliberate campaigns against other muslim communities Hatred for Iraqi Christians

Foreign Insurgents

State Support for the Insurgency Syria inclined to support former Ba’ath party members Iran may support Shi’a insurgents Fear ally regime would be formed in Iraq, facilitating US

bases in Iraq Both countries openly deny being pathway into Iraq

Past Terrorist Operations

KEY

T

T

Neutral vehicle

Neutral person

Terrorist vehicle

Terrorist – Dicker [lookout]

Terrorist - gunman

Hostile gunfire

Terrorist - explosion

Friendly vehicle

B Bandit

Victim vehicle (crime)

Victim (crime)

Source: Blackwater, USA, http://www.blackwaterusa.com/ btw2004/articles/ttp1.ppt

2. Gunman fires at passing vehicle before escaping to waiting car

1. Dicker gives warning of approaching vehicles to gunman

Alley Way Ambush

‘Shoot and Scoot’ style ambush. Dicker warns gun team of approaching target. The gun team fire a burst at the target before escaping to waiting get-away vehicle parked nearby. This tactic has been used in both rural and urban areas.

T

T


T

3. When ordered by the controller, the crowd parts, allowing gunman to fire, before escaping to waiting car..

Staged Accident Ambush

2. Crowd controlled by activist

1. Car accident is staged and a crowd gathers.

The target vehicle is forced to stop by a staged accident. A crowd gathers, hemming in the target vehicle - the crowd controlled by an activist. On command, the crowd parts, allowing a gunman to fire, before escaping to a waiting vehicle. This tactic has also been used against security forces vehicles/ personnel responding to the accident.

T T


T

As target vehicle enters underpass, terrorist waiting on the overhead parapet drop an IED onto roof of vehicle.

Overhead IED

As an alternative, a dicker on the entry parapet signals that a target vehicle is approaching to a terrorist waiting at the exit parapet.


Rolling Ambush (choke point) - Assassination

T T

T

T

T

12

3

4

1. Gunmen on overlooking vantage point initiate ambush.

2. Blocking vehicle moves behind convoy

3. Roadside gunmen rake vehicles as they pass.

4. Blocking vehicle moves in front of convoy to prevent escape from killing area.


Place of Residence – Assassination (Dr. Akila Hashimi)

T T

T

T

1

2

3

4

1. Dickers posing as road sweepers warn gun-group in pick up truck that entourage is leaving residence.

2. Ambush initiated by RPG (misses target)

3. Pick-up overtakes convoy, rakes second vehicle with Dr Hashimi, fatally wounding her.

4. Overtakes second vehicle and rakes with gunfire before speeding away

T


Introduction To Terrorism: Review Describe phases and characteristics of terrorist

operations and potential indicators of terrorist activity

Identify Iraqi Insurgent Groups Explore the Foreign Jihadist in Iraq Review lessons learned from past terrorist

operations

Introduction To Terrorism

QUESTIONS?

Intro terrorism

News & Politics

Transcript of Intro terrorism