Internetworking - Kudang Boro Seminarkseminar.staff.ipb.ac.id/files/2013/05/Moudul2b-IS.pdf ·...
Transcript of Internetworking - Kudang Boro Seminarkseminar.staff.ipb.ac.id/files/2013/05/Moudul2b-IS.pdf ·...
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Internetworking
Prof. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD
Direktur Komunikasi & Sistem Informasi IPB
Bogor, 05 Mei 2013
What is Internetworking?
• Internetworking : suatu bentuk hubungan, kerjasama atau kemitraan yang mendayagunakan TI (teknologi informasi) berbasis jaringan (internet, intranet, ekstranet)
• Trend: menuju pada Internetworked Enterprises (B-to-B, B-to-C, G-to-G, G-to-B, G-to-C)
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Globalization
Technology
Efficient
Global
Markets
Global Business
Operation and Alliances
The Networked Global
Corporation
Drives of Change
Competitive Environment
Competitive Response Implementation
How Information Technology Support The Globalization of
Business?
Shift of Paradigm in Business: Towards Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI)
LAN/
WAN
Video
Conference
Fax Voice
Pagers
Cable-
Television
Phone/
Celullar
Merging of Computing
& Communications
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Businesses’ Trend
• Becoming internetworked enterprises
• Supported by computer networks to
allow fast & accurate data exchange
and expansion of business scale with
better coordination, and cooperation
• Widely distributed enterprises
connected via MAN, WAN, LAN
Business Telecommunications
Telecommunications: sending of information
(voice, data, text, and images) from place to
another.
Telecommunications Networkssupported by
Electronic
Commerce
Systems
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
Internal
Business
Systems
include
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Electronic Collaboration
Systems
• Voice Mail
• Discussions Forums
• Data Conferencing
• Voice Conferencing
• Video Conferencing
• Electronic Meeting
Electronic Commerce Systems
• On-Line POS (Point of Sale)
• Web Retailing & Wholesaling
• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
• E-Funds Transfer
• E-Banking
• Interactive Marketing
• Supply Chain Management
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Internal Business Systems
• Internal Transaction Processing
• Inquiry Processing
• Intranet Web Publishing
• Workflow Systems
• Activity Monitoring
• Process Control
• Management Support Systems
Trend of Telecommunication
Technology
Toward the use of the Internet and other open
and interconnected local & global digital
networks for multimedia with heavy use of
high speed fiber optic lines and satellite
channels to form a global information
superhighway system.
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Information Superhighway
An advanced high speed Internet-like
network that connects individual
households, businesses, government
agencies, libraries, schools, universities,
and other institutions with interactive
voice, video, data and multimedia
communications.
ISDN (Integrated Services
Digital Network)
A network that provides integrated
services of data exchange in various
forms: voice, video, data, images, and
multimedia communications.
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Business Value of
Internetworking
• Overcome geographic barriers
• Overcome time barriers
• Overcome cost barriers
• Overcome structural barriers
Jejaring Komputer (Computer
Network)
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Computer Network
Computer Network
Physical Radius
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
Scope of Users
Intra-Net Extra-Net Inter-net
Layered System View
Intranet
Extranet
Internet
Corporate members
Clients, partners, customers
Global society: competitors
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What is Internet?
• a worldwide system of computer networks
• a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining
facility accessible to hundreds of millions of
people worldwide
• use a set of protocols called Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
What is Intranet?
• Networks connecting an affiliated set of
clients
• Using standard Internet Protocols,
especially TCP/IP and HTTP, and some
FTP
• IP-based network of nodes behind a set of
firewalls
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• part of a company's intranet that is extended to
users outside the company
• securely share part of a business's information
or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners,
customers, or other businesses
What is Extranet?
How Does Intranet Work?
• Via LAN (Local Area Network)
• Via WAN (Wide Area Network)
• Via MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
which rely on ISDN (Integrated Services of
Digital Network)
Establish an internal network
When TCP/IP protocols are set up, web servers &
browsers can be installed to give access to the Intranet.
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FASILITAS INTERNET
• E-mail: person-to-person messaging
• Telnet: logon on into a remote computer (remote login)
• Chatting: interactive conversations
• WWW (World Wide Web): retrieve, format, & display information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext links
• BBS (Bulletin Board System): discussion groups
• Archive: search database of documents, software
• WAIS: Locate files in databases using keywords
What Tools are in Intranet?
• A decision-making tool
• A complete communication tool
• An expert’s tool
• A customer tool
• A human resource tool
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Benefits of Intranet
• Cost-effective communication in corporate
• Fostering actual/real interaction of knowledge
• Providing more flexibility in human’s abilities to do jobs
• Promoting secure system of access & interaction
• Becoming corporate communication tools
Corporate can use Extranet for• Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange
(EDI) or XML
• Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the trade"
• Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts
• Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies
• Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks
Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies
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Security for Intra- & Extra-net
• require firewall server management, the
issuance and use of digital certificates or
similar means of user authentication,
encryption of messages, and the use of
virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel
through the public network.
Customer Relationship
Management (CRM)
• an information industry term for methodologies, software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized and efficient manner
• an enterprise builds a database that describes relationships in sufficient detail so that management, salespeople, and customer service reps can access information; match customer needs with product plans and offerings; remind customers of service requirements; know what other products a customer had purchased; etc.
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Supply chain management (SCM)
• the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer
• involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies
• ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed)
• Related to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
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Internetworking for Strategic
Advantage
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Fundamentals of Strategic
Advantage• An enterprise must survive in the globally
competitive era
• Internetworking can change the way businesses compete
• Internetworking is designed & implemented as vital competitive networks that help an enterprise achieve its strategic objectives
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Information Systems as a
Strategic Resource
Competitive Marketplace
Company AInternally
Strategic
Company B
Inter-Firm
Strategic
Focus
“Alliance”
Externally
Strategic
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Chapter 2 Competing with Information Technology 31
Competitive Forces and Strategies
Competitive Forces
• Rivalry of competitors within its industry
• Threats of new entrants,
• Threats of substitutes,
• The bargaining power of customers, and
• The bargaining power of suppliers
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Competitive Strategies
• Cost Leadership Strategy
• Differentiation Strategy
• Innovation Strategy
• Growth Strategies
• Alliance Strategies
Cost Leadership Strategy
• Become a low cost producer of products
and services
• Find ways to help suppliers or customers
reduce their costs
• Increase the costs of competitors.
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Differentiation Strategy
• Develop ways to differentiate products and
services from competitors.
• Reduce the differentiation advantages of
competitors.
Innovation Strategy
• Develop new products & services
• Enter new markets or marketing segments
• Establish new business alliances
• Find new ways of producing
products/services
• Find new ways of distributing
products/services
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Growth Strategies
• Significantly expand the company’s
capacity to produce goods and services
• Expand into global markets
• Diversify into new products and services
• Integrate into related products and services.
Alliance Strategies
• Establish new business linkages and
alliances with customers, suppliers,
competitors, consultants and other
companies (mergers, acquisitions, joint
ventures, forming virtual companies, etc.).
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Using the Inter-, Intra-, Extra-net
Strategically
• Cost and Efficiency Improvements
• Performance Improvement in Business Effectiveness
• Global Market Penetration
• Product and Service Transformation
• System Security
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Internetworking in Global
Management
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Towards a Global Company
Geographic Concept Business Concept
Centralization/Decentralization Any Place
Mechanistic Holistic
Isolationism Low Boundaries
Not Invented Here Network of Trust
Geographic Presence Cultural Fit
Central Controllers Core Connectors
Replication of Resources Economic of Scales
Stove Pipe Connection Great Network
Communications
Short Term View Long Term View
Today Global
Global IT Management
Cultural, Political, Geo-economic challenges
Business/IT
StrategiesApplication
Portfolios
Technology
Platforms
Data
ManagementSystems
Development
Visi & Misi Enterprise:Become a Global Company
A global company is a business that is driven by a global
strategy which enables to plan and treat all its activities
in the context of a whole-world system, and therefore
serve its local and global customers with excellence.
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Business Drivers for Global IT
• Global customer
• Global products
• Global operations
• Global resources
• Global collaboration
Global IT Platforms
• Internet or Internet-Like
• High computing systems
• Cyber & International Laws
• Information/Data Encryption & Decryption
• Open Systems
• GDSS