Wei Zhao

University of Macau

December 2012

Internet of Things：

Networking Infrastructure

for C.P.S.

1. Principles of IOT : What and how?

2. Realization of IOT : Framework and design

Outline

2

Principles of IOT :

3

Definition of IOT

Does it make sense to network physical objects?

4

Relevant information of physical objects =

status + control information

IOT = integration of sensing, computation, and control

Electronic

switch

Temperature

sensor

5

Definition of IOT

Principles of IOT :

6

7

Before internet, did we have systems to connect information devices?

Telegram Telephone

Yes! Many, but all for special purposes!!

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Legacy Systems of Special Purposes

-- Vertical integration --

Telegram Network

Broadcast Radio/TV

Telephone / Fax Network

9

Why is the Internet better than

those legacy systems?

Internet

Web E-mail E-commerce Instant Communications

10

Internet of Things: Integration of sensing, computation, and control

Have these systems existed

in the past?

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Current “Specialized IOT”

Applications

Sensors / Controllers

Network

Smart Grid Traffic

Control

Environmental

Protection Disaster Recovery

12

Vertically Integrated IOT: What is the problem?

Applications

Sensors / Controllers

Network

Smart Grid Traffic

Control

Environmental

Protection Disaster

Recovery

13

General Purpose IOT : How to network?

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Internet of

Things

Applications

Sensors /

Controllers

Network

Smart

Grid

Recovery

Traffic

Control

Environmental

Protection Natural

Disaster

IOT: Networking relevant

information of physical objects

General protocols and

horizontal networking

Applications

Sensors /

Controllers

IOT

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1. Principles of IOT: What and how?

2. Realization of IOT: Framework and design

Outline

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Proposal 1: Direct Use of Internet

Applications

Sensors /

Controllers

IOT

Internet

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Evaluation of Proposal 1

IOT Requirement Proposal 1

1. Real-time

2. Privacy

3. Embedded computing

4. Scalable

5. Low cost, quick start

6. Marketing and profitable

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Evaluation of Proposal 1

IOT Requirement Proposal 1

1. Real-time Not good

2. Privacy Not good

3. Embedded computing Impossible

4. Scalable Good

5. Low cost, quick start Good

6. Marketing and profitable Not good

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Proposal 2:

Construction of a New Network

Applications

Sensors /

Controllers

IOT

New Network

20

Evaluation of Proposal 2 IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2

1. Real-time Not good

2. Privacy Not good

3. Embedded computing Impossible

4. Scalable Good

5. Low cost, quick start Good

6. Marketing and profitable Not good

OVERALL EVALUATION Not feasible

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Evaluation of Proposal 2 IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2

1. Real-time Not good Possible

2. Privacy Not good Possible

3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible

4. Scalable Good Possible

5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult

6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible

OVERALL EVALUATION Not feasible High risk!

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Evaluation of Proposal 3: A Two-Layer System

Applications

Sensors /

Controllers

IOT service

Communication

service

Upper layer

Lower layer

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Comparison of the three proposals

IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3

1. Real-time Not good Possible

2. Privacy Not good Possible

3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible

4. Scalable Good Possible

5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult

6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible

OVERALL EVALUATION Not

feasible

High risk!

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Comparison of the three proposals

IOT Requirement Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3

1. Real-time Not good Possible Possible

2. Privacy Not good Possible Possible

3. Embedded computing Impossible Possible Possible

4. Scalable Good Possible Good

5. Low cost, quick start Good Difficult Good

6. Marketing and profitable Not good Possible Possible

OVERALL EVALUATION Not

feasible High risk!

Feasible

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W-Internet

Applications

Sensors /

Controllers

IOT service

IOT

Communication

service

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IOT Service Layer: System Structure

Search

Service

Naming

Service

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

Link Link

Link Link

IoT

Server Link

Link Link Link Link

Link Link

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IOT Service Layer: System Structure

Search

Service

Naming

Service

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

IoT

Server

Link Link

Link Link

IoT

Server Link

Link Link Link Link

Link Link

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Models Models

Ports of

Physical World Ports of

Physical World Ports of

Physical World Control Ports

to Members

Ports of

Physical

World

Ports of

Physical

World

Ports of

Physical

World

Image Ports

from

Members

Control

Handle Image

Local Processing Unit

IOT Service Layer: Node Design

Models Models

Ports of

Physical World Ports of

Physical World Ports of

Physical World Control Ports to

Members

Ports of Physical

World Ports of Physical

World Ports of Physical

World Image Ports

from Members

Control

Handle Image

Local Processing Unit

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Command

Listener

Integrated

Control Model Fused Data

Model

Information

Dissemination

Command

Execution Engine

Command Dissemination

Data Fusion

Engine

Data

Acquisition

Cyber Control

Engine

IoT Server

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IOT Service Layer: Node Design

Control Plane Control Data Data Plane

Upstream Linkage

Protocol

Upstream Linkage

Table

Command

Listener

Information

Dissemination

Downstream Linkage

Protocol

Downstream Linkage

Table

Command

Dissemination

Data

Acquisition

Execution

Rule

Compiler

Control

Rule

Compiler

Fusion

Rule

Compiler

Compiled

Execution

Rules

Compiled

Control

Rules

Compiled

Fusion

Rules

Command

Execution

Engine

Cyber

Control

Engine

Data

Fusion

Engine

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IOT Service Layer: Node Design Diagram

Summary

1. IOT integrates sensing, computation, and

control within one infrastructure.

2. Many current “specialized IOTs” are

vertically integrated.

3. We should develop an IOT with general

protocols and horizontal networking

4. W-Internet is a proposed solution. Status: * First version of protocols developed

* Trial applications being tested

* International connections are planned

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Challenges

• Implementation of an effective link management

• Design and promotion of general protocols

• Realization of model-driven embedded computing

• Innovative naming and search mechanisms

• Exploration of alternative, lower-layer

communication mechanisms

• Legal concerns on data collection and usage

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Key Points for Investment Decision

• A specialized IOT that is vertically

integrated?

• Or a real IOT that is universally applicable?

• How to solve real-time and privacy issues? • Embedded computing? • Scalable? • How to assure low cost, quick start in order

to make it marketable and profitable?

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