International Rivers of Western Himalayas – Hydrological Prospects and Areas of Concern
37
description
International Rivers of Western Himalayas – Hydrological Prospects and Areas of Concern. R . D. Singh Director N.I.H., Roorkee. The Himalayan System. Greater Himalaya > 4600m. Tibetan Plateau. Lesser Himalaya 3600-4600m. Western Disturbances Nov. – March/April. 4000m. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of International Rivers of Western Himalayas – Hydrological Prospects and Areas of Concern
Terai<300m
Siwalik900-1500m
Lesser Himalaya
3600-4600m
Greater Himalaya> 4600m
Outer Himalaya1500- 3500m
Tibetan Plateau
4000m
Western DisturbancesNov. – March/April
SW MonsoonJune – Sep
Glaciers – 10%Winter snow cover 35-50 % Maximum monsoon precipitation at 1500 – 3000 m asl
Monsoon (June-Sep.)
Western disturbances
Decreasing strength
Decreasing strength
DETAILSDETAILS SATLUJ SATLUJ BEAS BEAS Basin AreaBasin Area 21163 Km21163 Km22 12377 Km12377 Km22
Elevation RangeElevation Range Max. Elevation – 6734 Max. Elevation – 6734
mm
Min. Elevation – 326 mMin. Elevation – 326 m
Max. Elevation – 6617 mMax. Elevation – 6617 m
Min. Elevation – 308 mMin. Elevation – 308 m
Land use Land use
features features
Forest , Snow cover, Forest , Snow cover,
Water, Barren land Water, Barren land
Forest , Snow cover, Forest , Snow cover,
Water, Barren land Water, Barren land
Average Annual Average Annual
Rainfall Rainfall
1416 mm1416 mm 1843 mm1843 mm
Major ReservoirMajor Reservoir Bhakra Nangal DamBhakra Nangal Dam Maharana Pratap Sagar Maharana Pratap Sagar
Snow/glacier Snow/glacier
melt contributionmelt contribution
in annual flowin annual flow
55%55% 35%35%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
Year
Flux
(MC
M)
Flux
Average
Linear (Flux)
Average = 1803 MCM
Chhatru (Chenab)
Batal (Chenab)
Beaskund-2 (Beas)Beaskund-1 (Beas)
Volume - 49%Area - 43%Recession – 7.5 m/yr
Volume -7%Area - 5%Recession – 26 m/yr
Volume -26%Area - 22%Recession – 54m/yr
Volume - 48%Area - 41%Recession – 2 m/yr
1980
2006
Phutse glacier
Khardug glacier
Nangtse glacier
Unnamed vanished glacier
Site of GLOF washed out bridge
Site of GLOF washed out Road
Pond sites
Road washed off Flood mark on the banks of lake
Washed of Culvert enroute to Pangong Lake
1996
1997
0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
Dis
char
ge (
m3 /s
)
O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
O b served d isch a rge
S im u la ted d isch a rge
R a in fa ll ru n o ff
M elt ru n o ff
B ase flow
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
Stre
amfl
ow (
m /s
)
1996/97 1997/98 1998/99
3
N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N
F igu re 4 : O b served an d sim u la ted d a ily stream flo w fo r th e S a tlu j R iver a t B h a k ra fo r a p er io d o f 3 y ea rs (19 96 /97 - 1 99 8 /99 ).
O b se rv ed s tream flo w
S im u la ted s tre am flo w
S im u la ted b ase flo w
TTHHAANNKKSS
