International Rivers of Western Himalayas – Hydrological Prospects and Areas of Concern
description
Transcript of International Rivers of Western Himalayas – Hydrological Prospects and Areas of Concern
Terai<300m
Siwalik900-1500m
Lesser Himalaya
3600-4600m
Greater Himalaya> 4600m
Outer Himalaya1500- 3500m
Tibetan Plateau
4000m
Western DisturbancesNov. – March/April
SW MonsoonJune – Sep
Glaciers – 10%Winter snow cover 35-50 % Maximum monsoon precipitation at 1500 – 3000 m asl
Monsoon (June-Sep.)
Western disturbances
Decreasing strength
Decreasing strength
DETAILSDETAILS SATLUJ SATLUJ BEAS BEAS Basin AreaBasin Area 21163 Km21163 Km22 12377 Km12377 Km22 Elevation RangeElevation Range Max. Elevation – 6734 Max. Elevation – 6734
mmMin. Elevation – 326 mMin. Elevation – 326 m
Max. Elevation – 6617 mMax. Elevation – 6617 mMin. Elevation – 308 mMin. Elevation – 308 m
Land use Land use features features
Forest , Snow cover, Forest , Snow cover, Water, Barren land Water, Barren land
Forest , Snow cover, Forest , Snow cover, Water, Barren land Water, Barren land
Average Annual Average Annual Rainfall Rainfall
1416 mm1416 mm 1843 mm1843 mm
Major ReservoirMajor Reservoir Bhakra Nangal DamBhakra Nangal Dam Maharana Pratap Sagar Maharana Pratap Sagar Snow/glacier Snow/glacier melt contributionmelt contributionin annual flowin annual flow
55%55% 35%35%
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1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
Year
Flux
(MC
M)
FluxAverageLinear (Flux)
Average = 1803 MCM
Chhatru (Chenab)
Batal (Chenab)
Beaskund-2 (Beas)Beaskund-1 (Beas)
Volume - 49%Area - 43%Recession – 7.5 m/yr
Volume -7%Area - 5%Recession – 26 m/yr
Volume -26%Area - 22%Recession – 54m/yr
Volume - 48%Area - 41%Recession – 2 m/yr
1980
2006
Phutse glacier
Khardug glacier
Nangtse glacier
Unnamed vanished glacier
Site of GLOF washed out bridge
Site of GLOF washed out Road
Pond sites
Road washed off Flood mark on the banks of lake
Washed of Culvert enroute to Pangong Lake
1996
1997
0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
Dis
char
ge (m
3 /s)
O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
O b se rv ed d isch a rg eS im u la ted d isch a rg eR a in fa ll r u n o ffM elt r u n o ffB a se flo w
0
400
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2000
2400
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Str
ea
mfl
ow
(m
/s)
1996/97 1997/98 1998/99
3
N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N
F igu re 4 : O b serv ed a n d sim u lated d a ily strea m flo w fo r th e S atlu j R iv er a t B h a k ra fo r a p er io d o f 3 y ea rs (1 9 9 6 /97 - 1 99 8 /9 9 ).
O b serv ed s trea m flo w
S im u la te d s tre am flo w
S im u la te d b ase flo w
TTHHAANNKKSS