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Wednesday,November07,2012

FassiSeniorMember

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InternationalLawNotes

AslamoAlikum,

Dearfellows,membersandseniors.I'vereceivedmanyrequeststosharematerialregardingInternationalLaw.Soforthatverypurpose,mestartingthisthreadandhereI'llsharethetopicwisenotesofInternationalLaw.I'msureyoupeoplewilldefinitelyspeakwellofmyefforts.

Note:MaterialisextractedfromdifferentresourcessowhereveryoupeoplefeelI'mmistakendoguidemeandcorrectme.Moreover,criticismandcontributionofothermembersandseniorswillbecommended.

Regards

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#2

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Wednesday,November07,2012

FassiSeniorMember

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InternationalLawLaw:

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#3

LawisanEnglishworditisderivedfromGermanwordLagwhichmeansConstantUnmovable,StaticandPlane.

DefinitionsofLaw:Therearevariousdefinitionsoflawsomeofthemarethefollowing.

Aristotle:Whatevertherulingpartyenactsiscalledlaw

JohnAustin:Lawisthecommandofsovereignty

WoodrowWilson:Lawisthatportionofestablishingthoughtwhichhasdistinct&intheshapeofuniformsbackedbytheauthority&powerofstate

Holland:Lawisgeneralruleofexternalactionenforcedbysovereignpoliticalauthority

J.C.Carter:Lawalwayshasbeenstillisandwillforevercontinuetobecustom

SirHenryMaine:Lawisacceptingnormsofsocietyandstatehastoimplementthoselaws

Salmond:Thebodyofprinciplesrecognized&appliedbythestateintheapplicationofjustice

So,1.Lawshouldbeuniform.2.Itshouldbeuniversal.3.Itsjurisdictionshouldbecompulsory.4.Thereshouldbesystemofcourse.

DivisionsofLaw:1MunicipalLaw(withinthecountry)2InternationalLaw(outofthecountry)__________________ApniMattiPayHiChalnayKaSaleeqaSeekhoSangeMarmarPyChaloGyToPhisalJaoGy

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Wednesday,November07,2012

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IntroductiontoInternationalLaw

Introduction:

"Internationallawisthebodyoflegalrules,norms,andstandardsthatapplybetweensovereignstatesandotherentitiesthatarelegallyrecognizedasinternationalactors."

InternationallawisalsocalledPublicInternationalLawandLawofNations.ThetermwascoinedbytheEnglishphilosopherJeremyBentham(17481832).

DefinitionsofInternationalLaw:

Thereisstillnoconsensusamongacademicsandotherinterestedpartiesastowhatinternationallawis.Therearesomewhoarguethatthereisnosuchthingasinternationallawasitisnotimposedbyasovereignauthority.However,itisnotaverystrongargumentbecausealllawsarenotnecessarilyimposedbysovereignauthorities.Averygoodexampleisthecustoms,whicharepracticesofpeople.Furthermore,allrelevantsectorsintheinternationalcommunityactasifinternationallawexists.

1.ClassicalDefinitions:Someclassicaldefinitionsbyprominentscholarsaregivenbelowthatdon'tmeetwithmoderntrendsofinternationallawBentham:Internationallawisacollectionofrulesgoverningrelationsbetweenstates.Oppenheim:Lawofnationsorinternationallawisthenameforthebodyofcustomaryandconventionalruleswhichareconsideredlegallybindingbythecivilizedstatesintheirintercoursewitheachother.

2.ModernDefinitions:Theearlierdefinitionwasthatinternationallawisasystemoflawthatregulatestheactivityofstates.However,thisisnotamoderndefinitionbecauseinternationallawdoesnotconfineitselftoStates.Therefore,moderndefinitionsforinternationallawhavebeenintroduced.Forexample,Prof.J.G.Starkehasstatedthat:Internationallawconsistsofasystemoflaws,themajorityofwhichappliestostatesbutalsoregulatesactivitiesofindividualsandinternationalorganizationswhenitbecomestheconcernfortheinternationalcommunity.SchwarzenBerger:Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstatesandsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

DisciplinesofInternationalLaw:

Theterm"internationallaw"canrefertothreedistinctlegaldisciplines:

PublicInternationalLaw,whichgovernstherelationshipbetweenprovincesandinternationalentities.Itincludestheselegalfields:treatylaw,lawofsea,internationalcriminallaw,thelawsofwarorinternationalhumanitarianlawandinternationalhumanrightslaw.PrivateInternationalLaw,orconflictoflaws,whichaddressesthequestionsof(1)whichjurisdictionmayhearacase,and(2)thelawconcerningwhichjurisdictionappliestotheissuesinthecase.SupranationalLaworthelawofsupranationalorganizations,whichconcernsregionalagreementswherethelawsofnationstatesmaybeheldinapplicablewhenconflictingwithasupranationallegalsystemwhenthatnationhasatreatyobligationtoasupranationalcollective.Thetwotraditionalbranchesofthefieldare:1.JusGentiumlawofnations2.JusInterGentesagreementsbetweennations

SignificanceofInternationalLaw:

Internationallawisthevitalmechanismwithoutwhichaninterdependentworldcannotfunctionproperlyandwithintheboundsoflaw.Itdoesnotonlycontrolthestatesbyoverseeingtheirconductinrelationwithotherstates,likethelawprohibitingtheuseofarmedforcetosettledispute,butalsomaintainslawsregardingindividuals(e.g.humanrights).

Furthermore,internationallawisintrinsicallyboundupwithdiplomacy,politicsandconductofforeignaffairsitisnot,atall,basedonanadversarialsystemoflaw,meaningtherebythatmanyoftheruleshavebeenevolvedfromthepracticeofthestatesanddonotbindthestatesinanycourse,whichtendstomakeinternationallawmoreflexible.Also,internationallawleavesastatewithsomanyoptionsratherthanwithmerelyonecourseofaction,whichservesasanadvantageforasystemsoboundupwithpoliticsanddiplomacy.

GlobalScopeofInternationalLaw:

AccordingtoBentham'sclassicdefinition,internationallawisacollectionofrulesgoverningrelationsbetweenstates.Itisamarkofhowfarinternationallawhasevolvedthatthisoriginaldefinitionomitsindividualsandinternationalorganizationstwoofthemostdynamicandvitalelementsofmoderninternationallaw.Furthermore,itisnolongeraccuratetoviewinternationallawassimplyacollectionofrulesrather,itisarapidlydevelopingcomplexofrulesandinfluentialthoughnotdirectlybindingprinciples,practices,andassertionscoupledwithincreasinglysophisticatedstructuresandprocesses.Initsbroadestsense,internationallawprovidesnormativeguidelinesaswellasmethods,mechanisms,andacommonconceptuallanguagetointernationalactorsi.e.,primarilysovereignstatesbutalsoincreasinglyinternationalorganizationsandsomeindividuals.Therangeofsubjectsandactorsdirectlyconcernedwithinternationallawhaswidenedconsiderably,movingbeyondtheclassicalquestionsofwar,peace,anddiplomacytoincludehumanrights,economicandtradeissues,spacelaw,andinternationalorganizations.Althoughinternationallawisalegalorderandnotanethicalone,ithasbeeninfluencedsignificantlybyethicalprinciplesandconcerns,particularlyinthesphereofhumanrights.

Aboveall,internationallawcoversawiderangeoflawswhichincludethefollowing:RefugeelawsNarcotics/DrugstreatiesHumantraffickingObscenepublicationWorldhealthtreatiesInternationaltradedevelopmentAgreementrelatingtoindependentguaranteeandletterofcredit.Protocolonroadsignsandsignals1947Contractofcarriageofgoodsbyroads.

ScopeofInternationalLawinPakistan:

AsfarasthescopeofinternationallawinPakistanisconcerned,itisexpandingwiththepassageoftime.Pakistanisunderanobligationtofollowitsinternationalcommitmentsarisingoutofanytreaty,conventionorinternationalagreement,ratifiedbyit.Further,afterhavingratifiedatreaty,itismandatoryforPakistantoincorporateitintodomesticlawsbyenactingimplementinglegislations.Forinstance,DangerousCargosActandMaritimeZonesAct,1996ofPakistanaimattranslatingitsinternationalobligationsintothedomesticlaws.Similarly,UnitedNationsConventiononLawoftheSeahasbeenratifiedbyPakistanandtoensureitsenforcement,correspondingdomesticlegislationisrequired.

Conclusion:

Keepinginviewtheneedofastableandorderlyinternationalsociety,therelevanceandpertinenceofinternationallawisallthemoreemphasized.Inthisageofglobalizationandanincreaseddegreeofinterdependencebetweendifferentcountriesoftheworld,internationallawcanprovideaviableregimetoregulateintrastaterelationsandactivities.However,itistobenotedthatinternationallawhasitslimitationsowingtoconceptslikestatesovereigntyasacrednormofinternationallaw.Butrecentdevelopmentsinthearenaofinternationallawhaveprovedthatitcanplayavitalroleinregulatinginternationalaffairsthroughvarioustreatiesandconventions,whichuponratification,bindthestatepartiestoobservethesame.Although,ashasbeensaidearlier,theredoesnotexistaneffectivetool/forumtoimplementtheseinternationaltreaties(likethecorrectivemeasuresthatcanberesortedtobyastateagainstitscitizensinaneventofnoncompliancetothelawsoftheland),

#4

nevertheless,compliancecanbeensuredbymeansofsanctions(suchastradeembargosordiplomaticcutoffetc)whichareofgreatrelevanceforlifeinthecomityofnations,alreadybecomingaglobalvillage.Forexample,UNSCissued1373/01resolutionwhichpreventsandsuppressthefinancingofterroristactsand1566/04furthermakesitmandatoryforworldwideimplementation.Theimportanceassociatedtothesesanctionscanbetracedtofactorssuchasincreasedeconomic(trade)activityatagloballevel,freeflowofinformation,formationofregional/globalblockspursuingaspecificideology/orientation,aneverincreasingrateofimmigration,naturalaswellashumanresourcesharingetc.Allthesefactorshavecontributedtothegrowthofinternationallawandatthesametimehighlightedtheneedofit.ItmayfinallybesaidthatstartingfromthelimitedinterstateinteractionbetweentheGreekcitystates,internationallawanditsneedhavebecomemorerelevantinthemodernstatesystem.Itcanhelpbridgethegapsofdissentingideologiesanddivergentpoliciesofsovereignstatesbybringingthemtogetheronacommonlyagreeduponlaw(treaty/agreement/convention),soastobindthemintocomplianceandreducefrictiontoensureamoreorderlyandpeacefulworld.

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Wednesday,November07,2012

FassiSeniorMember

JoinDate:May2012Location:Hafizabad,Islamabad,LahorePosts:588Thanks:13Thanked767Timesin347Posts

2010GivesuchadefinitionofInternationalLawwhichcouldcoverallthemoderntrendsinit?

HereisanswerofthequestionaskedQuote:

OriginallyPostedbyFassi2.ModernDefinitions:Theearlierdefinitionwasthatinternationallawisasystemoflawthatregulatestheactivityofstates.However,thisisnotamoderndefinitionbecauseinternationallawdoesnotconfineitselftoStates.Therefore,moderndefinitionsforinternationallawhavebeenintroduced.Forexample,Prof.J.G.Starkehasstatedthat:Internationallawconsistsofasystemoflaws,themajorityofwhichappliestostatesbutalsoregulatesactivitiesofindividualsandinternationalorganizationswhenitbecomestheconcernfortheinternationalcommunity.SchwarzenBerger:Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstatesandsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

2008,2005JohnAustinsays"InternationalLawisnotarealLaw,butapositiveInternationalMorality."Doyouagreewithhim?Giveargumentsinsupportofyouranswer.

#5

Manyaspirantsareaskingmeviamailabouttheanswerofabovesaidquestionsincelongtime.So,

1.Getideaaboutansweringthisquestionfrombelowlink

IsInternationalLawJustAPositiveMorality

2.Forcomprehensiveandwellarticulatedansweroftheabovequestion,consult

InternationalLawbyDr.H.OAgarwallPageNumber:56TopicName:AustinsView__________________ApniMattiPayHiChalnayKaSaleeqaSeekhoSangeMarmarPyChaloGyToPhisalJaoGy

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Friday,November16,2012

FassiSeniorMember

JoinDate:May2012Location:Hafizabad,Islamabad,LahorePosts:588Thanks:13Thanked767Timesin347Posts

PublicInternationalLawandPrivateInternationallaw

DefinitionofPublicInternationalLaw:

Oppenheim:"Publicinternationalisbodyofcustomaryandconventionalrules,whichareconsideredbindingoncivilizedstatesinthererelationwitheachother."SchwarnzenBerger:"Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstatesandsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

DefinitionofPrivateInternationalLaw:

M.PTandon:"Privateinternationallawisabodyofprinciplesdeterminingquestionsastojurisdictionsandquestionsastoselectionofappropriatelaw,incivilcaseswhichpresentthemselvesfordecisionbeforeacourtofonestateorcountry,butwhichinvolvesaforeignelementi.e.whicheffectforeignpersonsorforeignortransactionsthathavebeenenteredinaforeigncountryorwithrespectofforeignsystemoflaw"PittCobbet:"Privateinternationallawisthebodyofrulesfordeterminingquestionsastoselectionofappropriatelaw,incivilcaseswhichpresentthemselvesfordecisionbeforethecourtsofonestateorcountry,butwhichinvolveaforeignelementi.e,whicheffectforeignpersonsorforeignthingsortransactionsthathadbeenenteredintowhollyorpartlyinaforeigncountryorwithreferencetosomeforeignsystemoflaw."

#6

DistinctionbetweenPublicInternationalLawandPrivateInternationalLaw:

1.AstoConsent:Publicinternationallawbasedontheconsentofthestate.Privateinternationallawisnotbasedontheconsentofthestates.2.AstoObject:oPublicinternationallawregulatesrelationshipofstatesinterseanddeterminesrightsanddutiesofthesubjectstatesatinternationalsphere.oPrivateinternationallawdeterminesastowhichlawwillapplyoftwoconflictinginaparticularcasehavingforeignelement.3.AstoConflictofLaws:oPublicinternationallawdoesnotinvolveinconflictsoflaws.oPrivateinternationallawinvolvesintheconflictsoflaws.4.AstoNature:Publicinternationalissameforallthestates.Privateinternationalmaybedifferentinvariousstates.5.AstoSources:oPublicinternationallawhasitssourcesintreaties,custometc.etc.oPrivateinternationallawhasitssourcesinthelegislationoftheindividualstatetowhichthelitigantbelongs.6.AstoApplication:oPublicinternationallawapplicabletocriminalaswellascivilcases.oPrivateinternationallawisapplicabletocivilcasesonly,whichpresentthemselvesforaccessionofcourtsofthestate.7.AstoSubject:Publicinternationallawdealswiththestates.Privateinternationallawdealswiththeindividuals.8.AstoMunicipalLaw:Publicinternationallawisnotpartofmunicipallaw.9.AstoJurisdiction:Publicinternationallawdoesnotinvolvesdeterminationonthequestionofdetermination.Privateinternationallawdeterminescourtwhichwillhavejurisdictiontodecidedissueinquestion.10.AstoScope:oPublicinternationallawhaswiderscope.itisofuniversecharacter.oPrivateinternationallawhaslessorscope.

Conclusion:Toconcludeitcanbesaidthat,publicinternationallawandprivateinternationallawarebranchesofinternationallaw.Publicinternationallawisknownasconflictoflaws.thesearedifferentfromeachanotherbutinsomeexceptionalcasesrulesofprivateinternationallawmaybecomerulesofpublicinternationallaw.

Regards

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Friday,November16,2012

JoinDate:Nov2012Location:ElDoradoPosts:23

#7

#8

ElspethJuniorMember

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khurramamirnotes?

isthisfromkhurramamirnotes??

Friday,November16,2012

FassiSeniorMember

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Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyElspethisthisfromkhurramamirnotes??

DearI'mconsultinghostofbooksofInternationalLawsodon'tremembertheexactsource.Hereisthelistofresourcesmeconsulting.

1.InternationalLawKapoorandTandon2.InternationalLawDr.H.OAgarwall3.InternationalLawMalcomShaw4.InternationallawJ.GStarke5.NadeemBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw6.MajeedBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw7.KhurramAmirQureshiLLBGuideforInternationalLaw8.EasternLawBookHouseLLBGuideforInternationalLaw9.NotesbyDifferentAcademiesi.e.KIPS,Officersetc.ofLahore10.MySelfmadeLLBInternationalLawNotes11.Internet,WikipediaandEncyclopediaBritannica

MetryingtoprovideyoupeoplebestmaterialsoitmayhelpyoupeopleinthebestwaywhilepreparingInternationalLaw.__________________ApniMattiPayHiChalnayKaSaleeqaSeekhoSangeMarmarPyChaloGyToPhisalJaoGy

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Friday,November16,2012

ElspethJuniorMember

JoinDate:Nov2012Location:ElDoradoPosts:23Thanks:0Thanked10Timesin5Posts

2013shallbeyouristattempt??

#9

#10

Sunday,November18,2012

oxonSeniorMember

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Fassiyouaredoingagreatjob,Iamalsotrytogetsomethingfrombookpublishedbyexamcramseries,,,,agoodoneandwrittenbymansoorandmansha,2013myfirstandlastchance,itseemslifeisgoingtobeendedbrother,__________________Aywatantunaypukaratolahukholutha,,terybetayteryjan'baazchalyaatayhein..!!

Thursday,November22,2012

AwaisBajwaMember

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Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyFassiDearI'mconsultinghostofbooksofInternationalLawsodon'tremembertheexactsource.Hereisthelistofresourcesmeconsulting.

1.InternationalLawKapoorandTandon2.InternationalLawDr.H.OAgarwall3.InternationalLawMalcomShaw4.InternationallawJ.GStarke5.NadeemBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw6.MajeedBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw7.KhurramAmirQureshiLLBGuideforInternationalLaw8.EasternLawBookHouseLLBGuideforInternationalLaw9.NotesbyDifferentAcademiesi.e.KIPS,Officersetc.ofLahore10.MySelfmadeLLBInternationalLawNotes11.Internet,WikipediaandEncyclopediaBritannica

MetryingtoprovideyoupeoplebestmaterialsoitmayhelpyoupeopleinthebestwaywhilepreparingInternationalLaw.

WillyoucontinuetoprovideyourguidancetoyoungbrainsFasibro?Iamhopefulforthat__________________Shootforthemoon,evenifyoumiss,youwilllandamongthestars.

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