International Law - Exam Notes

7/26/2019 International Law - Exam Notes

1/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESTOPIC 1. INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW

THE SCOPE OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

PIL is principall c!nc"rn"# $i%& %&" r"la%i!ns&ip '"%$""n (s!)"r"i*n s%a%"s+ ,as !pp!s"#%! (-"#"ra%"# s%a%"s+./ P0'lic la$ *!)"rns p!$"rs an# r"sp!nsi'ili%i"s !- s%a%" an#in)!l)"s %&" c!ns%i%0%i!n an# a#1in la$ ,&!$ la$s ar" 1a#" an# s&!0l# !p"ra%"./

S!)"r"i*n s%a%"s/ E*3 A0s%ralia4 Uni%"# in*#!14 Uni%"# S%a%"s ,n"arl alls!)"r"i*n s%a%"s ar" 1"1'"rs !- %&" Uni%"# Na%i!ns ,c0rr"n% 1"1'"rs&ip 6798../

F"#"ra%"# s%a%"s/ E*3 N"$ S!0%& Wal"s4 ir*inia4 Sc&l"s$i*H!ls%"in

Pri)a%" la$ #"als $i%& #isp0%"s '"%$""n pri)a%" in#i)i#0als !- na%i!ns i/"/4 Fr"nc&c!1pan s"lls -a0l% *!!#s %! A0s%ralian c!1pan/ :! $" 0s" Fr"nc& !r A0s%ralian la$;

PERSONALIT< IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

C"r%ain n!ns%a%" "n%i%i"s &a)" l"*al p"rs!nali% ,i" ri*&%s an# r"sp!nsi'ili%i"s. in PIL- E*3 Uni%"# Na%i!ns4 E0r!p"an Uni!n4 WTO

Incr"asin*l4 in#i)i#0als an# c!rp!ra%i!ns can "n=! ri*&%s an# &!l# r"sp!nsi'ili%i"s inin%"rna%i!nal la$

E*3 %&" ri*&% %! 'rin* a c!1plain% a*ains% a s%a%" '"-!r" %&" E0r!p"an C!0r% !- H01anRi*&%s/ R"sp!nsi'ili%i"s 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal cri1inal la$ ,r" s"ri!0s cri1"s li>" *"n!ci#"4$ar cri1"s4 "%c.

UNITE: NATIONS

:!c01"n% %&a% s"%s !0% p!$"rs an# r"*0la%i!ns "%c is a %r"a% an# si*n"# ' all 1"1'"rs(%&" C&ar%"r !- %&" UN+ #i)i#"# in%! 79 c&ap%"rs4 'r!>"n #!$n in%! 777 ar%icl"s

Si? (principal !r*ans+3

UN Charter Art 13 T&" P0rp!s"s !- %&" Uni%"# Na%i!ns ar"3

7/ T! 1ain%ain in%"rna%i!nal p"ac" an# s"c0ri%4an# %! %&a% "n#3 %! %a>" "@"c%i)" c!ll"c%i)"1"as0r"s -!r %&" pr")"n%i!n an# r"1!)al !- %&r"a%s %! %&" p"ac"4 an# -!r %&"s0ppr"ssi!n !- ac%s !- a**r"ssi!n !r !%&"r 'r"ac&"s !- %&" p"ac"4 an# %! 'rin*a'!0% ' p"ac"-0l 1"ans4 an# in c!n-!r1i% $i%& %&" principl"s !- =0s%ic" an#in%"rna%i!nal la$4 a#=0s%1"n% !r s"%%l"1"n% !- in%"rna%i!nal #isp0%"s !r si%0a%i!ns$&ic& 1i*&% l"a# %! a 'r"ac& !- %&" p"ac"

2/ T! #")"l!p -ri"n#l r"la%i!ns a1!n* na%i!ns 'as"# !n r"sp"c% -!r %&" principl" !-"0al ri*&%s an# s"l-#"%"r1ina%i!n !- p"!pl"s4 an# %! %a>" !%&"r appr!pria%"1"as0r"s %! s%r"n*%&"n 0ni)"rsal p"ac"

8/ T! ac&i")" in%"rna%i!nal c!!p"ra%i!n in s!l)in* in%"rna%i!nal pr!'l"1s !- an"c!n!1ic4 s!cial4 c0l%0ral4 !r &01ani%arian c&arac%"r4 an# in pr!1!%in* an#"nc!0ra*in* r"sp"c% -!r &01an ri*&%s an# -!r -0n#a1"n%al -r""#!1s -!r all$i%&!0% #is%inc%i!n as %! rac"4 s"?4 lan*0a*"4 !r r"li*i!n an#


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES7/ General Assembly3 all 1"1'"rs s%a%"s ar" r"pr"s"n%"# an# 1""% in c&a1'"r/

Br!a#"s% -0nc%i!n !- an insi%0%i!ns %&" Parlia1"n%D "%c i% is #"li'"ra%i)" ra%&"r %&anl"*isla%i)" !nl 1a>" r"c!11"n#a%i!ns4 #isc0ss4 n! passin* !- la$s %&" sa1" as#!1"s%ic Parlia1"n%.

2/ Securty C!uncl3 a 1!r" p!$"r-0l '!#/ C!nsis%s !- 75 1"1'"rs4 5 p"r1/ C&an*"s %! %&" UN SC ar" #ic0l% %! 1a>" r"0ir"s acc"p%a%i!n -r!1 ALL

s%a%"s E0r!c"n%ric %&"r" is 0s0all an !)"rr"pr"s"n%a%i!n ' E0r!p"an s%a%"s an#

0n#"rr"pr"s"n%a%i!n ' Asia4 A1"ricas4 A-rica an# %&" Ara' $!rl#/

8/ Ec!n!mc an" S!cal C!uncl3 ar%/ 2

G/T

rusteesh# C!uncl3 pla"# r!ll in #"c!l!nisa%i!n !- par%s !- A-rica c"r%ain%"rri%!ri"s >n!$n as +%r0s% %"rri%!ri"s+ $!0l# '" a#1inis%"r"# ' TC in '"s% in%"r"s%s !-%&!s" li)in* in %&" %"rri%!ri"s an# %&!s" !- c!0ncil

$. Secretarat

/ Internat!nal C!urt !% &ustce !)"rn"# ' %&" Statute of the ICJ C!nsis%s !- 75 =0#*"s4 "l"c%"# %! 9 "ar %"rns R"0"s%s 10s% c!1" -r!1 %&" UN SC an# %&" UN A

o Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons ,7995.o Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied

Palestinian Territory ,28. Ma c!1" -r!1 )ari!0s 'ac>*r!0n#s '0% %"n# %! '" -!r1"r aca#"1ics in In%/

la$ !r 'arris%"rs prac%icin* in %&" ar"a H"ars c!n%"n%i!0s cas"s 'r!0*&% ' !n" s%a%" ' an!%&"r

o Nicaragua v US4 79J83 US s0pp!r% !- c!n%ra %"rr!ris%s s"">in* %!

#"s%a'ilis" *!)"rn1"n% in Nic/ An# r"s0l%"# in US $al>in* !0%o Costa !ica v Nicaragua4 273 '!r#"r #"spi%" $&"n Nicara*0a '"ca1"

#r"#*in* %! cr"a%" canal '"%$""n %$! s%a%"s #isp0%"# %"rri%!r ar"a!- 5s >1

Onl s%a%"s can '" par%i"s %! %&"s" cas"s al%&!0*& in#i)i#0als 1a '" call"#0p!n %! pr!)i#" ")i#"nc"

ICK &"ar# -"$ cas"s

IS INTERNATIONAL LAW A LEAL S" !r ini%ia%" s%0#i"s an#

r"p!r%s$i%& r"sp"c% %! in%"rna%i!nal "c!n!1ic4 s!cial4 c0l%0ral4 "#0ca%i!nal4&"al%&4 an# r"la%"# 1a%%"rs an# 1a 1a>" r"c!11"n#a%i!ns$i%& r"sp"c%%! an s0c& 1a%%"rs %! %&" "n"ral Ass"1'l %! %&" M"1'"rs !- %&" Uni%"#

Na%i!ns4 an# %! %&" sp"ciali"# a*"nci"s c!nc"rn"#/2/ I% 1a 1a>" r"c!11"n#a%i!ns -!r %&" p0rp!s" !- pr!1!%in* r"sp"c% -!r4

an# !'s"r)anc" !-4 &01an ri*&%s an# -0n#a1"n%al -r""#!1s -!r all/8/ I% 1a pr"par" #ra-% c!n)"n%i!ns -!r s0'1issi!n %! %&" "n"ral Ass"1'l4

$i%& r"sp"c% %! 1a%%"rs -allin* $i%&in i%s c!1p"%"nc"/G/ I% 1a call4 in acc!r#anc" $i%& %&" r0l"s pr"scri'"# ' %&" Uni%"# Na%i!ns4


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES Onl s!)"r"i*ns 1a p!si% la$

A s!)"r"i*n is a p"rs!n4 !r '!# !- p"rs!ns4 %! $&!1 a p!li%ical c!110ni% is in%&" &a'i% !- !'"#i"nc" !r s0'1issi!n4 $&! is n!% in a &a'i% !- !'"#i"nc" !rs0'1issi!n %! an #"%"r1ina%" &01an s0p"ri!r4 an# $&! is a'l" %! 0s" c!"rci!n

%! a%%ain c!1plianc"/

ARUMENTS FOR CLAIMIN THAT INTERNATIONAL LAW IS A LEALS


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES7/ TREATIES

Tr"a%i"s can '" #"scri'"# as3

("n"ral+3 T&"s" ar" 10l%ila%"ral %r"a%i"s r"la%in* %! 0ni)"rsal s0's%an%i)" l"*al principl"s/

o E* UN C&ar%"r ,$i%& i%s *"n"ral pr!&i'i%i!n !n %&" 0s" !- -!rc". T&" 1a als! '" %"r1"# (l"*isla%i)"+ !r (la$1a>in*+/ S0c& %r"a%i"s can '" #"scri'"# as (-!r1al+ s!0rc"s !- la$3 %&" "n#!$ !'li*a%i!ns

!r "n%i%l"1"n%s $i%& a l"*all 'in#in* c&arac%"r/

(Par%ic0lar+

T&"s" ar" 0s0all 'ila%"ral %r"a%i"s r"la%in* %! a sp"cic iss0"/o E* Treaty of Canter"ury ,79J. '"%$""n Franc" an# %&" U4 $&ic& #"al%

$i%& %&" '0il#in* !- %&" C&ann"l T0nn"l '"%$""n %&" %$! c!0n%ri"s S0c& %r"a%i"s can '" #"scri'"# as (1a%"rial+ s!0rc"s !- la$ ,a>a (s!0rc"s !-

!'li*a%i!n+.3 %&" sp"ci- a s%a%"+s l"*al !'li*a%i!ns an# "n%i%l"1"n%s/

2/ INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMAR< LAW

ICK s&!0l# !nl %a>" acc!0n% !- in%"rna%i!nal c0s%!1s %&a%3

7/ r"pr"s"n% (*"n"ral prac%ic"+2/ ar" (acc"p%"# as la$+

# opinio $uris %sive&et necessitatis'

In !%&"r $!r#s4 l!!> a% $&a% s%a%"s #!4 an# $& %&" #! i%/ In a s"ns" %&"r" is an ac%0sr"0s an# 1"ns r"a %! #"%"r1inin* in%"rna%i!nal la$

S%a%" prac%ic" ,0s0s.

L!!> a% $&a% s%a%"s sa as $"ll as #! F!r a c0s%!1 %! c!ns%i%0%" in%"rna%i!nal la$ i% 10s% r"pr"s"n% (*"n"ral

prac%ic"+o In acc!r#anc" $i%& a c!ns%an% an# 0ni-!r1 prac%ic"D3sylu( case

%Colu("ia v Peru) ICJ) *+,-'o Prac%ic" can '" (*"n"ral+ ")"n %&!0*& n!% 0ni)"rsalo :"par%0r"s -r!1 *"n"ral prac%ic" s&!0l# n!r1all '"3

M"% $i%& pr!%"s% ' !%&"r s%a%"s4 !r S%a%" #"par%in* -r!1 *"n"ral prac%ic" s&!0l# s""> %! =0s%i-

%&a% #"par%0r" ' r"-"r"nc" %! "?c"p%i!ns all"*"#l -!r1in*par% !- %&" r0l" i%s"l-

P"rsis%"n% !'="c%i!n3 #!c%rin" s0**"s%s %&a% ")"n %&!0*& a prac%ic" is n"ar 0ni)"rsal4 as%a%" 1a '" "?"1p% -r!1 an r"s0l%in* r0l" !- in%"rna%i!nal la$ i- i% &as4 -r!1 %&"!0%s"%3

Ac%i)"l r"="c%"# %&" prac%ic" ,n")"r ac0i"sc"# %! i%.4 an# N")"r r"li"# !n %&" "?is%"nc" !- s0c& a r0l" -!r i%s !$n '"n"%

Statute !% the IC& 123$ art 45 617(

T&" C!0r%4 $&!s" -0nc%i!n is %! #"ci#" in acc!r#anc" $i%& in%"rna%i!nal la$ s0cisp0%"s as ar" s0'1i%%"# %! i%4 s&all appl3

a/ in%"rna%i!nal c!n)"n%i!ns4 $&"%&"r *"n"ral !r par%ic0lar4 "s%a'lis&in* r0l"s"?pr"ssl r"c!*ni"# ' %&" c!n%"s%in* s%a%"s

'/ in%"rna%i!nal c0s%!14 as ")i#"nc" !- a *"n"ral prac%ic" acc"p%"# as la$c/ %&" *"n"ral principl"s !- la$ r"c!*ni"# ' ci)ili"# na%i!ns#/ s0'="c% %! %&" pr!)isi!ns !- Ar%icl" 594 =0#icial #"cisi!ns an# %&" %"ac&in*s !-

%&" 1!s% &i*&l 0ali"# p0'licis%s !- %&" )ari!0s na%i!ns4 as s0'si#iar1"ans -!r %&" #"%"r1ina%i!n !- r0l"s !- la$/


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESN!%"3 %&is #!"s n!% appl %!$us cogens/ T&"r" is #!0'% as %! $&"%&"r %&" #!c%rin" isc!rr"c% lac> !- s%a%" prac%ic" %! s0pp!r% i% an# %&" ICK &as n")"r appli"# i% ,!nl !'i%"rc!11"n%./

OPINO KURIS ,SIE NECESSITATIS.

Opinio $urisr"-"rs %! %&" '"li"- ' s%a%"s %&a% a c0s%!1 is l"*all 'in#in*4 i" i% is

prac%is"# !0% !- n"c"ssi%4 n!% c&!ic"/

Opinio $uris 1a !ri*ina%" as opinio necessitatis $&"r" %&" n"c"ssi% #"ri)"s -r!1p!li%ical4 "c!n!1ic !r 1ili%ar c!nsi#"ra%i!ns/

ENERATION OF CUSTOMAR< INTERNATIONAL LAW B< TREAT a% ")"r p!in% al!n* i%s c!as% ,as $as %&" 0s0al prac%ic" !- S%a%"s.N!r$a "1pl!"# s%rai*&% 'as"lin"s '"%$""n %&" !0%=0%%in* &"a#lan#s4 islan#s an#r!c>s4 %&"r"' "ncl!sin* a lar*"r ar"a !- s"a %&an $!0l# &a)" 0s0all '""n %&" cas"/Acc"ss ' Bri%is& s&in* )"ss"ls %! ar"as !- s"a n"ar %&" N!r$"*ian c!as%4 $&ic& %&"U clai1"# par% !- in%"rna%i!nal $a%"rs $as %&0s a#)"rs"l a@"c%"#/ T&" U

1ain%ain"# %&a% c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal la$ i1p!s"# a li1i% !- 7 1il"s !n %&"l"n*%& !- s0c& 'as"lin"s/ T&" c!0r% sai#3

i% is n"c"ssar %! p!in% !0% %&a% al%&!0*& %&" 71il" r0l" &as '""n a#!p%"# ' c"r%ain

s%a%"s '!%& in %&"ir na%i!nal la an# in %&"ir %r"a%i"s an# c!n)"n%i!ns4 an# al%&!0*& c"r%ain

ar'i%ral #"cisi!ns &a)" appli"# i% as '"%$""n %&"s" S%a%"s4 !%&"r s%a%"s &a)" a#!p%"# a

#i@"r"n% li1i%/ C!ns"0"n%l4 %&" 71il" r0l" &as n!% ac0ir"# %&" a0%&!ri% !- *"n"ral r0l" !-

in%"rna%i!nal la$/ In an ")"n% %&" 71il" r0l" $!0l# app"ar %! '" inapplica'l" as a*ains%

N!r$a inas10c& as s&" &as al$as !pp!s"# an a%%"1p% %! appl i% %! %&" N!r$"*ian c!as%/

Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf 12$5 art 96/7

W&"r" %&" sa1" c!n%in"n%al s&"l- is a#=ac"n% %! %&" %"rri%!ri"s !- %$! a#=ac"n% S%a%"s4

%&" '!0n#ar !- %&" c!n%in"n%al s&"l- s&all '" #"%"r1in"# ' a*r""1"n% '"%$""n

%&"1/ In %&" a's"nc" !- a*r""1"n%4 an# 0nl"ss an!%&"r '!0n#ar lin" is =0s%i"# '

sp"cial circ01s%anc"s4 %&" '!0n#ar s&all '" #"%"r1in"# ' applica%i!n !- %&"

principl" !- "0i#is%anc" -r!1 %&" n"ar"s% p!in%s !- %&" 'as"lin"s -r!1 $&ic& %&"

'r"a#%& !- %&" %"rri%!rial s"a !- "ac& S%a%" is 1"as0r"#/


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESNB3 ,2. an# ,8. 10s% appl %! s%a%"s $&!s" in%"r"s%s ar" sp"cicall a@"c%"#/ Pr!'a'l4s"para%" ")i#"nc" !- opinio $uris!n %&" par% !- n!npar% s%a%"s a'i#in* ' %&" r0l" is s%illn""#"#/

R"*i!nal !r sp"cial c0s%!1s 1a% #")"l!p %&a% '"c!1" l"*all 'in#in* !n !nl s!1"s%a%"s

Ri*&% !- Passa*" cas" ,P!r%0*al ) In#ia.4 79o C!nc"rn"# P!r%0*al+s ri*&%s !- acc"ss !)"r In#ian %"rri%!r %! i%s

c!l!ni"s inlan# !- :a1!/

8/ ENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW

&!hn 0nns 6123: 8 7 *General #rnc#le !% la,+7/ C!1p"nsa%i!n -!r c!1p0ls!r ac0isi%i!n !- pr!p"r%2/ n! lia'ili% -!r 0nin%"n%i!nal in=0r $i%&!0% -a0l%

8/ n! cri1inal lia'ili% $i%&!0% (ens reaG/ "s%!pp"l5/ %&!s" $&! s""> "0i% 10s% #! "0i%/ n! ai# %! a'0s" !- ri*&%sQ/ -ra0# 0nra)"ls ")"r%&in*J/ r"s%!ra%i!n !- 0n=0s%i"# pr!%s9/ pacta sunt servanda7/ r"la%i)" -r""#!1 %! c&an*" "?is%in* pa%%"rns !- l"*al r"la%i!ns&ips ' a*r""1"n%77/ pr!%"c%i!n !- %&" $"a> a*ains% %&"ir $"a>n"ss72/ ri*&% %! pr"s"n% !0r cas"78/ p"!pl" s&!0l# n!% ac% as =0#*"s in %&"ir !$n ca0s"

G/ SUBSI:IAR< SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

5/ OTHER

SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

Ac%i!ns !- in%"rna%i!nal !r*anisa%i!ns/ T&"s" can &a)" #ir"c% i1pac% r"*i!nall !r

*l!'all REIONAL3

Statute of the ICJ, 123$ art 45617

T&" C!0r%4 $&!s" -0nc%i!n is %! #"ci#" in acc!r#anc" $i%& in%"rna%i!nal la$ s0c&

#isp0%"s as ar" s0'1i%%"# %! i%4 s&all appl3

a/ ///

'/ ///

c/ ///

#/ s0'="c% %! %&" pr!)isi!ns !- Artcle $24)u"cal "ecs!ns an# %&"

teachn's !% the m!st h'hly ;ual


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Tr"a% pr!p!s"#

Tr"a% n"*!%ia%"#

Tr"a% si*n"#

Tr"a% ra%iM"#

Tr"a% c!1"s in%! -!rc"

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES "*4 EU ins%i%0%i!ns pass la$s %&a% ar" 'in#in* !n EU M"1'"r S%a%"s4

as $"ll as E0r!p"an c!rp!ra%i!ns an# p"!pl" li)in* $i%&in %&" EU/

LOBAL3

UN ins%i%0%i!ns &a)" n! l"*isla%i)" p!$"rs4 '0% %&" UN S"c0ri%

C!0ncil can pr!&i'i% an# 1an#a%" c"r%ain ac%i!ns ' M"1'"r S%a%"s/

TOPIC 4. T>E 0OR?ATION O0 TREATIES

@IENNA CON@ENTION ON T>E LAW O0 TREATIES 1292(IN FORCE 27 JAN 1980

T!

'" *!)"rn"# ' %&" i"nna C!n)"n%i!n4 a %r"a% 10s%3 '" '"%$""n s!)"r"i*n s%a%"s4 be n ,rtten %!rm4 an# p!s%#a%" 2Q Kan 79J NB3 a %r"a% can s%ill '" a %r"a% ")"n i- i% #!"s n!% 1""% !n" !r 1!r" !- %&"

a'!)" cri%"ria3 Ar% 8/ H!$")"r4 %! '" a %r"a% %&"r" 10s% '" an in%"n%i!n %! cr"a%" r"la%i!ns 'in#in* in

in%"rna%i!nal la$/

EXAMPLES OF IRREULAR FORMS OF LEALL< BIN:IN AREEMENT Oral a*r""1"n%

a*r""1"n% ' N!r$a n!% %! c!n%"s% :anis& s!)"r"i*n% !)"r r""nlan#

an# n!% %! !cc0p an par% !- r""nlan#4 in r"%0rn -!r :"n1ar> n!% !'="c%in* %! a

N!r$"*ian clai1 !)"r Spi%s'"r*"n ,7979./

Legal Status of .astern /reenland case ,Nor0ay v 1en(ar2.4 ICK4

7988.

Ocial pr"ss c!110ni0

a*r""1"n% '"%$""n T0r>" an# r""c" r" #i)isi!n !- %&" A"*"an S"a

C!n%in"n%al S&"l- ,79Q5.

E?c&an*" !- l"%%"rs '"%$""n &"a#s !- s%a%"

a*r""1"n% '"%$""n a%ar an# Ba&rain r" %"rri%!rial #i)isi!n ,79JQ.

Artcle /617

F!r %&" p0rp!s"s !- %&" pr"s"n% C!n)"n%i!n3

,a. %r"a%D 1"ans an in%"rna%i!nal a*r""1"n% c!ncl0#"# '"%$""n S%a%"s n ,rtten

%!rm an# *!)"rn"# ' in%"rna%i!nal la$4 $&"%&"r "1'!#i"# in a sin*l" ins%r01"n% !rin %$! !r 1!r" r"la%"# ins%r01"n%s an# $&a%")"r i%s par%ic0lar #"si*na%i!n


8/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES

RESERATIONS

:EFINTION

RIHTS TO RESERATIONS

TOPIC 3. TREAT INTERPRETATION AND EN0ORCEABILIT

T&r"" appr!ac&"s %! in%"rpr"%a%i!n

1. Intent!ns !% the #artes

W&a% #i# %&" p"!pl" $&! !ri*inall a*r""# %&" %r"a% 1"an %! ac&i")";

E*3 in 79G54 $&a% #i# %&" par%i"s 1"an ' Ar% 2,G.;

L!!> in par%ic0lar a% %&" travau3 ,pr4paratoires.,pr"para%!r #!c01"n%s.

/. Tetual

L!!> a% %&" !r#inar 1"anin* !- $!r#s3 (%&" %r"a% !n %&" pa*"+/

E*3 $&a% #!"s Ar% 2,G. ac%0all sa;

4. Tele!l!'cal

L!!> a% %&" ai1s an# !'="c%s !- %&" 1"as0r"4 %a>in* %&" 'i**"r pic%0r"/

E*3 0l%i1a%"l4 $&a% #i# Ar% 2,G. ,an# %&" "n%ir" UN C&ar%"r. s"% !0%%! ac&i")";

@enna C!n=ent!n !n the La, !% Treates Art /6176"7(

(r"s"r)a%i!n+ 1"ans a 0nila%"ral s%a%"1"n%4 &!$")"r p&ras"# !r na1"#4 1a#" ' aS%a%"4 $&"n si*nin*4 ra%i-in*4 acc"p%in*4 appr!)in* !r acc"#in* %! a %r"a%4 $&"r"' i%p0rp!r%s %! "?cl0#" !r %! 1!#i- %&" l"*al "@"c% !- c"r%ain pr!)isi!ns !- %&" %r"a% in%&"ir applica%i!n %! %&a% S%a%" ///

@enna C!n=ent!n !n the La, !% Treates Art 12( 0!rmulat!n !%reser=at!ns

A S%a%" 1a4 $&"n si*nin*4 ra%i-in*4 acc"p%in*4 appr!)in* !r acc"#in* %! a %r"a%4-!r10la%" a r"s"r)a%i!n 0nl"ss3

,a. %&" r"s"r)a%i!n is pr!&i'i%"# ' %&" %r"a%

,'. %&" %r"a% pr!)i#"s %&a% !nl sp"ci"# r"s"r)a%i!ns4 $&ic& #! n!% incl0#" %&"r"s"r)a%i!n in 0"s%i!n4 1a '" 1a#" !r

,c. in cas"s n!% -allin* 0n#"r s0'para*rap&s ,a. an# ,'.4 %&" r"s"r)a%i!n isinc!1pa%i'l" $i%& %&" !'="c% an# p0rp!s" !- %&" %r"a%/


9/66


M0s% c!nsi#"r3

Final Ac%s

"*3 Final Ac% !- %&" R!1" C!n-"r"nc" r" %&" "s%a'lis&1"n% !- %&"In%"rna%i!nal Cri1inal C!0r%4 7Q K0l 799J

&%%p3 l"*al/0n/!r*iccs%a%0%"nal-ra/&%1

S0's"0"n% prac%ic"s "*3 r0l"s r" )!%in* ri*&%s !- p"r1an"n% 1"1'"rs !- %&" UN S"c0ri%

C!0ncil

UN Charter4 Ar% 2Q,8.3

!ienna Convention on the "a# of $%eatie& 19'9

A%tile )1* Gene%al %ule of inte%+%etation

7/ A %r"a% s&all '" in%"rpr"%"# in *!!# -ai%& in acc!r#anc" $i%& %&" !r"narymeann' %! '" *i)"n %! %&" %"r1s !- %&" %r"a% n ther c!ntet an# n the l'ht !%ts !b)ect an" #ur#!se/

2/ T&" c!ntet-!r %&" p0rp!s" !- %&" in%"rpr"%a%i!n !- a %r"a% s&all c!1pris"4 ina##i%i!n %! %&" %"?%4 incl0#in* i%s pr"a1'l" an# ann"?"s3

,a. an a*r""1"n% r"la%in* %! %&" %r"a% $&ic& $as 1a#" '"%$""n all %&"par%i"s in c!nn"c%i!n $i%& %&" c!ncl0si!n !- %&" %r"a%

,'. an ins%r01"n% $&ic& $as 1a#" ' !n" !r 1!r" par%i"s in c!nn"c%i!n$i%& %&" c!ncl0si!n !- %&" %r"a% an# acc"p%"# ' %&" !%&"r par%i"s as anins%r01"n% r"la%"# %! %&" %r"a%/

8/ T&"r" s&all '" %a>"n in%! acc!0n%4 %!*"%&"r $i%& %&" c!n%"?%3

,a. an s0's"0"n% a*r""1"n% '"%$""n %&" par%i"s r"*ar#in* %&"in%"rpr"%a%i!n !- %&" %r"a% !r %&" applica%i!n !- i%s pr!)isi!ns

,'. an s0's"0"n% prac%ic" in %&" applica%i!n !- %&" %r"a% $&ic&"s%a'lis&"s %&" a*r""1"n% !- %&" par%i"s r"*ar#in* i%s in%"rpr"%a%i!n

,c. an r"l")an% r0l"s !- in%"rna%i!nal la$ applica'l" in %&" r"la%i!ns

:"cisi!ns !- %&" S"c0ri% C!0ncil !n n!npr!c"#0ralV 1a%%"rs s&all '" 1a#" ' anar1a%i)" )!%" !- nin" 1"1'"rs incl0#in* %&"c!nc0rrin )!%"s !- %&" "r1an"n% 1"1'"rs ///

!ienna Convention on the "a# of $%eatie& 1292

rticle 567 Supple(entary (eans of interpretation

R"c!0rs" 1a '" &a# %! s0ppl"1"n%ar 1"ans !- in%"rpr"%a%i!n4 incl0#in* %&"pr"para%!r $!r> !- %&" %r"a% an# %&" circ01s%anc"s !- i%s c!ncl0si!n4 in !r#"r %!c!nr1 %&" 1"anin* r"s0l%in* -r!1 %&" applica%i!n !- ar%icl" 874 !r %! #"%"r1in" %&"1"anin* $&"n %&" in%"rpr"%a%i!n acc!r#in* %! ar%icl" 873

,a. l"a)"s %&" 1"anin* a1'i*0!0s !r !'sc0r" !r

,'. l"a#s %! a r"s0l% $&ic& is 1ani-"s%l a's0r# !r 0nr"as!na'l"/
http://legal.un.org/icc/statute/finalfra.htmhttp://legal.un.org/icc/statute/finalfra.htmhttp://legal.un.org/icc/statute/finalfra.htm


10/66


E*3 Stauder v City of Ul( ,7994 E0r!p"an C!0r% !- K0s%ic".

T&" EEC s"% 0p a sc&"1" %! s"ll c&"ap '0%%"r %! $"l-ar" clai1an%s/ T&""r1anlan*0a*" )"rsi!n !- %&" la$ ,$&ic& r"0ir"# %&" clai1an% %!pr!)i#" a na1". $as (in%"rpr"%"#+ s! as %! acc!r# $i%& %&" !%&"r ,1!r"li'"ral. lan*0a*" )"rsi!ns4 %&0s a)!i#in* a c!n-r!n%a%i!n '"%$""n %&" EECan# "r1an !)"r &01an ri*&%s/

CHANIN TREATIES

Amen"ment3 r"-"rs %! %&" -!r1al al%"ra%i!n !- %r"a% pr!)isi!ns %&a% a@"c%s %&" ri*&%s !rr"sp!nsi'ili%i"s !- all par%i"s

"* par%i"s %! a -r"" %ra#" ar"a #"ci#" %! "?%"n# %&" principl" !- -r"" 1!)"1"n% !-*!!#s %! -r"" 1!)"1"n% !- capi%al

?!"" %&" -ac% %&a% i%s c!ns"n% %! '" '!0n# ' a %r"a% &as '""n"?pr"ss"# in )i!la%i!n !- a pr!)isi!n !- i%s in%"rnal la$ r"*ar#in* c!1p"%"nc" %!c!ncl0#" %r"a%i"s as in)ali#a%in* i%s c!ns"n% 0nl"ss %&a% )i!la%i!n $as 1ani-"s% an#c!nc"rn"# a r0l" !- i%s in%"rnal la$ !- -0n#a1"n%al i1p!r%anc"/

2/ A )i!la%i!n is 1ani-"s% i- i% $!0l# '" !'="c%i)"l ")i#"n% %! an S%a%" c!n#0c%in*i%s"l- in %&" 1a%%"r in acc!r#anc" $i%& n!r1al prac%ic" an# in *!!# -ai%&/


11/66


Fra0# ,CLT Ar% G9.

C!rr0p%i!n ,CLT Ar% 5.

C!"rci!n ,CLT Ar%s 57 52.

Jus cogens an# !'li*a%i!ns erga o(nes ,CLT Ar% 58.

CONSEUENCES OF INALI:IT" %&" -ac% %&a% i%s c!ns"n% %! '" '!0n# ' a %r"a% &as '""n"?pr"ss"# in )i!la%i!n !- a pr!)isi!n !- i%s in%"rnal la$ r"*ar#in* c!1p"%"nc" %!c!ncl0#" %r"a%i"s as in)ali#a%in* i%s c!ns"n% 0nl"ss %&a% )i!la%i!n $as 1ani-"s% an#

c!nc"rn"# a r0l" !- i%s in%"rnal la$ !- -0n#a1"n%al i1p!r%anc"/2/ A )i!la%i!n is 1ani-"s% i- i% $!0l# '" !'="c%i)"l ")i#"n% %! an S%a%" c!n#0c%in*i%s"l- in %&" 1a%%"r in acc!r#anc" $i%& n!r1al prac%ic" an# in *!!# -ai%&/

Trendte3 Trading Corp v Central ;an2 of Nigeria ,79QQ4 EWCA.

r" "?%"nsi!n !- s%a%" i110ni% %! %&" c!11"rcial ac%i)i%i"s !- s%a%" '!#i"s

,in %&is cas" %&" C"n%ral Ban> !- Ni*"ria+s i110ni% a*ains% pr!c""#in*s inEn*lis& la$.

S%ric%l applin* %&" principl" !- stare decisis 1i*&% '" %a>"n %! 1"an %&a% En*lis&la$ s&!0l# appl r"*ar#l"ss !- in%"rna%i!nal la$/

H"l#3 En*lis& la$ 10s% appl r"l")an% n!r1s !- in%"rna%i!nal la$/ Stare decisis #i#n!% pr")"n% %&" En*lis& c!11!n la$ -r!1 r""c%in* c&an*"s in in%"rna%i!nal la$/


14/66


REKECTION OF CIL B< AUSTRALIAN COMMON LAW

NONACCEPTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW INTO AUSTRALIANCOMMONLAW

NONACCEPTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW INTO ENLISHCOMMON LAW

THE ACT OF STATE :OCTRINE

As a *"n"ral r0l" c!0r%s in %&" U an# A0s%ralia $ill n!% in%"r-"r" $i%& %&" "?"rcis" !-pr"r!*a%i)" p!$"rs ' %&" E?"c0%i)" ,$&ic& 1!s%l incl0#"s %&" c!n#0c% !- -!r"i*nr"la%i!ns.

Cho# un Chin v $he 3in 61235 >CA7 r" "?%"nsi!n !- s%a%" i110ni% %! a -!r"i*n s%a%"+s ar1"# -!rc"s

,in %&is cas" $&"%&"r 1"1'"rs !- C&ina+s ar1"# -!rc"s $"r"i110n" -r!1 A0s%ralian la$.

H"l# ,ar*0a'l o"iter.3 in%"rna%i!nal la$ is n!% par% !- A0s%ralianc!11!n la$4 '0% is a 1"r" s!0rc" !- %&a% la$

4a/o v 5ueen&lan (No 2 6122/ >CA7 r" r"c!*ni%i!n !- in#i*"n!0s la$ !n M0rra Islan#4 T!rr"s S%rai% ,par% !-

0""nslan#. H"l#3 ")"n i- c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal la$ ,CIL. $"r" %! all!$ -!r %&" !p"ra%i!n

!- terra nullius !)"r !cc0pi"# %"rri%!r4 %&a% #!c%rin" #!"s n!% acc!r# $i%& %&"c!n%"1p!rar )al0"s !- %&" A0s%ralian p"!pl"4 an# s! cann!% '" r"%ain"# inA0s%ralia+s c0rr"n% c!11!n la$/

Nul-a%ia v $ho+&on60CA 12227 r" an a%%"1p% %! pr!s"c0%" A0s%ralia+s pri1" 1inis%"r -!r *"n!ci#" !- A'!ri*inal

p"!pl"

H"l#3 al%&!0*& %&" pr!&i'i%i!n a*ains% *"n!ci#" is$us cogens in CIL4 i% s%ill r"0ir"san ac% !- %&" A0s%ralian l"*isla%0r" %! inc!rp!ra%" %&" cri1" in%! A0s%ralian la$/

R v Jone& (4a%a%et /::9 UF>L 19 Pr!%"s%"rs a*ains% %&" 28 Ira $ar ca0s"# #a1a*" a% an En*lis& 1ili%ar

air'as"/ T&" pl"a#"# as a #"-"nc" %&" Cri(inal La0 ct *+9< ,U. s 83

A p"rs!n 1a 0s" s0c& -!rc" as is r"as!na'l" in %&" circ01s%anc"s in %&"pr")"n%i!n !- cri1"

T&" 0"s%i!n -!r %&" L!r#s $as $&"%&"r %&" #"-"nc" c!0l# aris" in r"la%i!n %!ac%i)i% %&a% is cri1inal 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$ ,%&" cri1" !- a**r"ssi!n. '0% n!%U #!1"s%ic la$/

H"l#3 n!4 i% c!0l# n!%/ T&" cr"a%i!n !- n"$ cri1inal !@"nc"s is %&" s!l" #!1ain !- Parlia1"n%/ I% is %&" prac%ic" %! l"*isla%" r" n"$ !@"nc"s assi1ila%"# in%! #!1"s%ic la$

-r!1 in%"rna%i!nal la$/ T&" r0l" is %&a% U c!0r%s $ill '" sl!$ %! in%"r-"r" $i%& %&" "?"rcis" !-

pr"r!*a%i)" p!$"rs ' %&" E?"c0%i)"/ T&" s%a%" cann!% p0% i%s"l- !n %rial4 $&ic& is "@"c%i)"l $&a% $!0l# &app"n

i- U c!0r%s $"r" %! #"ci#" %&a% %&" U &a# c!11i%%"# %&" cri1" !-

a**r"ssi!n/

Re 6on on 612$27

A C&in"s" na%i!nal $as c&ar*"# $i%& 10r#"r in !$l!!n4 a %"rri%!r %&"n l"as"# 'C&ina %! %&" U/

T&" #"-"nc" ar*0"# %&a% C&ina &a# r"%ain"# =0ris#ic%i!n !)"r !$l!!n4 1"anin*%&a% %&" #"-"n#an% s&!0l# n!% '" c&ar*"# 0n#"r Bri%is& la$/

T&" U clai1"# =0ris#ic%i!n !)"r !$l!!n an# %&" ,Bri%is&. S0pr"1" C!0r% !- H!n*!n* $as n!% pr"par"# %! 0"s%i!n %&a% clai1/


15/66


SUMMAR"l in A0s%ralia3 Cho0 >ung Ching an# ?a"o/

In A0s%ralia4 r0l"s !- CIL $ill n!% '" inc!rp!ra%"# $&"r"3

%&" ar" inc!nsis%"n% $i%& #!1"s%ic l"*isla%i!n %cfEU la$ in %&" U.@

%&" ar" inc!nsis%"n% $i%& "ss"n%ial c!11!n la$ #!c%rin"s ,?a"o.4 !r #!in* s! $!0l# i1p0*n an ac% !- s%a%" ' %&" #!1"s%ic s!)"r"i*n !r a -!r"i*n

s!)"r"i*n s%a%" %! v Jones.

cf >a"i"4 $&"r" %&" #ir"c% iss0" $as $&"%&"r A0s%ralian !cials &a#ac%"# 0nla$-0ll ' ai# an# a'"%%in* %!r%0r"4 an# A0s%ralia+s Parlia1"n%,as !pp!s"# %! in%"rna%i!nal la$. &a# alr"a# #"%"r1in"# %&a% %!r%0r"$as 0nla$-0l./

IN OR:ER TO CREATE RIHTS IN U LAW4 TREATIES NORMALL< HAE TOBE TRANSFORME: ,USUALL< B< LEISLATION.

J Ra-ne% (4inin "ane "t v $I 6UF>L 12527

A %r"a% s"% 0p %&" In%"rna%i!nal Tin C!0ncil ,ITC./

T&" ITC $as *i)"n l"*al p"rs!nali% in %&" U #0" %! U s0'!r#ina%"l"*isla%i!n/

Cr"#i%!rs s0"# in En*lis& la$4 s"">in* %! r"c!)"r 1!n" -r!1 %&" ITC+s s%a%"

1"1'"rs4 as !pp!s"# %! %&" ITC/

a/i/ v Coon#ealth of Au&t%alia 6/:1:7Ma1#!0& Ha'i'4 an A0s%ralian ci%i"n4 $as #"%ain"# an# all"*"#l %!r%0r"# in Pa>is%anan# E*p% ' l!cal an# CIA !cials/ H" $as %&"n %rans-"rr"# %! 0an%ana1! Ba$&"r" &" all"*"#l s0@"r"# -0r%&"r %!r%0r" a% %&" &an#s !- %&" USA/

Up!n r"l"as" %! A0s%ralia4 Ha'i' s0"# %&" A0s%ralian C!11!n$"al%& -!r #a1a*"s4

all"*in* %&a% A0s%ralian !cials &a# ai#"#4 a'"%%"# !r c!0ns"ll"# %&" ac%s !- %!r%0r"' -!r"i*n !cials/

T&" A0s%ralian E?"c0%i)" clai1"# %&a% i%s -"#"ral c!0r%s #i# n!% &a)" =0ris#ic%i!n %!&"ar %&" cas"/ F!r"i*n r"la%i!ns 1i*&% s0@"r i- %&" c!0r%s $"r" %! acc0s" -!r"i*n!cials !- 0nla$-0l %!r%0r"4 an# -!r"i*n r"la%i!ns ar" %&" s!l" #!1ain !- %&" E?"c0%i)"/

H"l#3 %&" F"#"ral C!0r%s ar" "n%i%l"# %! a#=0#ica%" !n %&" l"*i%i1ac !- ac%s 'A0s%ralian !cials4 ")"n i- %&is in#ir"c%l in)!l)"s c!nsi#"ra%i!n !- %&" l"*i%i1ac !-ac%s ' -!r"i*n !cials4 %&0s p!%"n%iall 0n#"r1inin* c!1i%/


16/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES >el"(%&" -ac% %&a% 0n#"r %&" %r"a% %&" 1"1'"r s%a%"s 0n#"r%!!>

r"sp!nsi'ili% -!r ITC #"'%s $as irr"l")an%/ T&" %r"a% #i# n!% cr"a%" ri*&%s0n#"r En*lis& la$/

$an inhoi v Atto%ne- Gene%al 6>!n' F!n' >'h C!urt 1257

T&" U &a# 0n#"r%a>"n in a %r"a% $i%& C&ina n!% %! c&ar*" pr"1i01s inr"la%i!n %! H!n* !n* l"as"s/

T&" ,Bri%is&. H!n* !n* *!)"rn1"n% s!0*&% %! c&ar*" %&" plain%i@ a pr"1i01-!r a l"as"/

>el"(T&" %r"a% #i# n!% cr"a%" a ri*&% in #!1"s%ic la$ "na'lin* %&" plain%i@ %!a)!i# pa1"n% !- %&" pr"1i01/

NB( the EU treates are an ece#t!n t! ths rule.

THE EFFECT OF IL ON AUSTRALIAN LEISLATION

olite& v Coon#ealth 6123$7

C!nc"rn"# in%"rpr"%a%i!n !- NationalSecurity ct *+5+s 78A3

:i# %&is p"r1i% %&" !)"rn!r"n"ral %! call 0p n!nA0s%ralians li)in* in A0s%ralia; T&is$!0l# '" a 'r"ac& !- in%"rna%i!nal la$/ >el"( IL "!es n!t c!nstran the #!,er !% anAustralan le'slature.

IL cann!% r"n#"r intra viresac%s ' %&" A0s%ralian *!)"rn1"n% $&ic& $!0l# !%&"r$is" '"ultra vires0n#"r A0s%ralian la$

iet%ih v R 6>CA 122/7

T&" app"llan% &a# appli"# -!r l"*al ai# in A0s%ralia/ His applica%i!n $as

r"-0s"#/ H" $as s0's"0"n%l %ri"# $i%&!0% l"*al r"pr"s"n%a%i!n/ T&" app"llan% clai1"# %&a% &" $as #"ni"# a -air %rial4 in %&a% &" &a# n! l"*al

c!0ns"l/

T&" International Covenant on Civil and Political !ights ,ICCP!. *0aran%""s %&"ri*&% %! -air %rial/ A0s%ralia is par% %! %&" ICCP!/

T&" Hi*& C!0r% &"l# %&a% an ri*&%s *0aran%""# ' %&" ICCP!s%ill n""# %! '"%rans-!r1"# in%! #!1"s%ic la$ '"-!r" %&" can '" "@"c%i)" in a #!1"s%icc!0r%/

N!%$i%&s%an#in* an%&in* c!n%ain"# in %&is Ac%4 %&" !)"rn!r"n"ral 1a 1a>" s0c&r"*0la%i!ns 1a>in* pr!)isi!n -!r r"0irin* p"rs!ns %! plac" %&"1s"l)"s4 %&"ir s"r)ic"san# %&"ir pr!p"r% a% %&" #isp!sal !- %&" C!11!n$"al%&4 as app"ar %! &i1 %! '"n"c"ssar !r "?p"#i"n% -!r s"c0rin* %&" p0'lic sa-"%4 %&" #"-"nc" !- %&"C!11!n$"al%& an# %&" T"rri%!ri"s !- %&" C!11!n$"al%&4 !r %&" "ci"n% pr!s"c0%i!n!- an $ar in $&ic& His Ma="s% is !r 1a '" "n*a*"#3 Pr!)i#"# %&a% n!%&in* in %&iss"c%i!n s&all a0%&!ri" %&" i1p!si%i!n !- an -!r1 !- c!1p0ls!r s"r)ic" '"!n# %&"

li1i%s !- A0s%ralia/


17/66


LIMITS TO THE EFFECT OF IL ON STATUTOR< INTERPRETATION

A %r"a% can !nl assis% in %&" in%"rpr"%a%i!n !- A0s%ralian l"*isla%i!n i-3

7/ %&"r" $as c!n%"1pla%"# !r ac%0al par%icipa%i!n ' A0s%ralia in %&a% %r"a% pri!r %!"nac%1"n% !- %&" l"*isla%i!n in 0"s%i!n4 an#

2/ "i%&"r %&" l"*isla%i!n in 0"s%i!n3

a. is a1'i*0!0s !r !'sc0r"4 !r

'. $!0l# !%&"r$is" l"a# %! a r"s0l% %&a% is 1ani-"s%l a's0r# !r is 0nr"as!na'l"

s""cts Interpretation ct *+-* ,C%&. s 75AB

THE EFFECT OF IL ON A:MINISTRATION

:%ale- v Coon#ealth 6>CA 1247

T&" UN S"c0ri% C!0ncil r"0ir"# s%a%"s %! -r0s%ra%" %&" ill"*al $&i%" 1in!ri%r"*i1" %&"n *!)"rnin* R&!#"sia ,n!$ i1'a'$"./

T&" A0s%ralian ,"?"c0%i)". *!)"rn1"n% s0sp"n#"# p!s%al an# p&!n" s"r)ic"s %!%&" (R&!#"sia In-!r1a%i!n C"n%r"+ in S#n"/ T&is $as n!% p"r1i%%"# 0n#"rA0s%ralian l"*isla%i!n/

H"l#3 %&" s0sp"nsi!n $as 0nla$-0l in A0s%ralia4 r"*ar#l"ss !- %&" UN S"c0ri%C!0ncil r"s!l0%i!n/

At& Inte%+%etation At 1901 (Cth & 1;A:

7/ S0'="c% %! s0's"c%i!n ,8.4 in %&" in%"rpr"%a%i!n !- a pr!)isi!n !- an Ac%4 i- an1a%"rial n!% -!r1in* par% !- %&" Ac% is capa'l" !- assis%in* in %&" asc"r%ain1"n% !- %&"1"anin* !- %&" pr!)isi!n4 c!nsi#"ra%i!n 1a '" *i)"n %! %&a% 1a%"rial3

a. %! c!nr1 %&a% %&" 1"anin* !- %&" pr!)isi!n is %&" !r#inar 1"anin* c!n)""#' %&" %"?% !- %&" pr!)isi!n %a>in* in%! acc!0n% i%s c!n%"?% in %&" Ac% an# %&"p0rp!s" !r !'="c% 0n#"rlin* %&" Ac% !r

'. %! #"%"r1in" %&" 1"anin* !- %&" pr!)isi!n $&"n3i/ %&" pr!)isi!n is amb'u!us !r !bscure !rii/ %&" !r#inar 1"anin* c!n)""# ' %&" %"?% !- %&" pr!)isi!n %a>in* in%! acc!0n%

i%s c!n%"?% in %&" Ac% an# %&" p0rp!s" !r !'="c% 0n#"rlin* %&" Ac% l"a#s %! aresult that s man%estly absur" !r s unreas!nable/

2/ Wi%&!0% li1i%in* %&" *"n"rali% !- s0's"c%i!n ,7.4 %&" 1a%"rial %&a% 1a '"c!nsi#"r"# in acc!r#anc" $i%& %&a% s0's"c%i!n in %&" in%"rpr"%a%i!n !- a pr!)isi!n!- an Ac% incl0#"s3 ,///.

#. an %r"a% !r !%&"r in%"rna%i!nal a*r""1"n% %&a% is r"-"rr"# %! in %&" Ac%,///.

8/ In #"%"r1inin* $&"%&"r c!nsi#"ra%i!n s&!0l# '" *i)"n %! an 1a%"rial inacc!r#anc" $i%& s0's"c%i!n ,7.4 !r in c!nsi#"rin* %&" $"i*&% %! '" *i)"n %! ans0c& 1a%"rial4 r"*ar# s&all '" &a#4 in a##i%i!n %! an !%&"r r"l")an% 1a%%"rs4 %!3

,a. %&" #"sira'ili% !- p"rs!ns '"in* a'l" %! r"l !n %&" !r#inar 1"anin*c!n)""# ' %&" %"?% !- %&" pr!)isi!n %a>in* in%! acc!0n% i%s c!n%"?% in %&" Ac%an# %&" p0rp!s" !r !'="c% 0n#"rlin* %&" Ac% an#

,'. %&" n""# %! a)!i# pr!l!n*in* l"*al !r !%&"r pr!c""#in*s $i%&!0% c!1p"nsa%in*a#)an%a*"/

Coon#ealth v $a&ania ($a&anian a Ca&e >CA 1254

In 79QG A0s%ralia '"ca1" par% %! %&" C!n)"n%i!n *!)"rnin* UNESCO+s W!rl#H"ri%a*" Pr!*ra1/

T&" A0s%ralian C!11!n$"al%& pass"# l"*isla%i!n %! pr!%"c% par% !- Tas1ania+s$il#"rn"ss -r!1 %&" '0il#in* !- a #a1/

H"l#3

E)"n %&!0*& c!ns%r0c%i!n !- %&" #a1 $!0l# n!r1all '" a 1a%%"r -!rTas1ania4 in li*&% !- A0s%ralia+s in%"rna%i!nal !'li*a%i!ns %&"C!11!n$"al%& $as "n%i%l"# %! in%"r)"n"/

H!$")"r4 i- %&" C!11!n$"al%&+s 0s" !- %&" "?%"rnal p!$"r $as n!1!r" %&an a #")ic" %! "?"rcis" l"*isla%i)" p!$"r %&"n i% $!0l# pr!'a'ln!% '" l"*i%i1a%"/


18/66


ERMAN BASIC LAW

:UTCH CONSTITUTION4 79J8

4ini&te% fo% Ii%ation an Ethni ACA 122$7

A Malasian -a%&"r $i%& %&r"" c&il#r"n in A0s%ralia appli"# -!r A0s%ralianp"r1an"n% r"si#"nc"/

T&" A0s%ralian *!)"rn1"n% r"="c%"# &is applica%i!n !n %&" 'asis !- &is cri1inalr"c!r#/

A0s%ralia+s i11i*ra%i!n r"*0la%i!ns #i# n!%4 in %&"1s"l)"s4 r"0ir" A0s%ralia %! %a>"acc!0n% !- %&" c&il#r"n+s in%"r"s%s/

HEL:3 :0" %! %&" C!n)"n%i!n !n %&" Ri*&%s !- %&" C&il#4 in #"%"r1inin* &isapplica%i!n A0s%ralia $as r"0ir"# %! %r"a% %&" in%"r"s%s !- %&" c&il#r"n as a(pri1ar c!nsi#"ra%i!n+/

c- c!11"n%s 1a#" in3

!e ?inister for I((igration and ?ulticultural Aairs@ .3 parte La(,HCR4 28.

PlaintiA S*-&6-** and ?inister for I((igration and CitiBenship,HCR4 272.

A%tile 2;* %ia- of inte%national la#

T&" *"n"ral r0l"s !- in%"rna%i!nal la$ s&all '" an in%"*ral par% !- -"#"ral la$/ T&"s&all %a>" pr"c"#"nc" !)"r %&" la$s an# #ir"c%l cr"a%" ri*&%s an# #0%i"s -!r %&"in&a'i%an%s !- %&" -"#"ral %"rri%!r/

A%t ;9(2*

Tr"a%i"s %&a% r"*0la%" %&" p!li%ical r"la%i!ns !- %&" F"#"ra%i!n !r r"la%" %! s0'="c%s !--"#"ral l"*isla%i!n s&all r"0ir" %&" c!ns"n% !r par%icipa%i!n4 in %&" -!r1 !- a -"#"ralla$4 !- %&" '!#i"s r"sp!nsi'l" in s0c& a cas" -!r %&" "nac%1"n% !- -"#"ral la$/ ///

Artcle 2:T&" !)"rn1"n% s&all pr!1!%" %&" #")"l!p1"n% !- %&" in%"rna%i!nal r0l" !- la$/Artcle 21,7. T&" in*#!1 s&all n!% '" '!0n# ' %r"a%i"s4 n!r s&all s0c& %r"a%i"s '" #"n!0nc"#$i%&!0% %&" pri!r appr!)al !- %&" Parlia1"n%

,2. ,8. An pr!)isi!ns !- a %r"a% %&a% c!nic% $i%& %&" C!ns%i%0%i!n !r $&ic& l"a# %! c!nic%s$i%& i% 1a '" appr!)"# ' %&" C&a1'"rs !- %&" Parlia1"n% !nl i- a% l"as% %$!%&ir#s !- %&"

)!%"s cas% ar" in -a)!0r/

Artcle 24Pr!)isi!ns !- %r"a%i"s an# !- r"s!l0%i!ns ' in%"rna%i!nal ins%i%0%i!ns4 $&ic& 1a '" 'in#in*!n all p"rs!ns ' )ir%0" !- %&"ir c!n%"n%s s&all '"c!1" 'in#in* a-%"r %&" &a)" '""np0'lis&"#/


19/66


9. STATE>OOD AND PERSONALIT

THE CRITERIA OF STATEHOO:

a7 Permanent P!#ulat!n8 N""# n!% '" "n%ir"l s"%%l"#3 Western Sahara Case 79Q5

b7 De


20/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESZ 0s0all %&is #!"s n!% 1"an (!0 ar" %&" $inn"r '"ca0s" I sa s!+/ I% 1"ans (Iac>n!$l"#*" !0 ar" %&" $inn"r '"ca0s" !0 ran %&" -as%"s%+/ A #"clara%i!nac>n!$l"#*"s ,an#4 in %&" cas" !- #!0'%4 clari"s4 !r4 in %&" ")"n% !- a #isp0%"4 #"ci#"s.a pr""?is%in* s%a%" !- a@airs3 "* %&a% !0 ran -as%"s% an# %&"r"-!r" $!n %&" rac"/

UN General Assembly Res!lut!n 1$13 13 Dec 129:

2/ All p"!pl"s &a)" %&" ri*&% %! s"l-#"%"r1ina%i!n ' )ir%0" !- %&a% ri*&% %&" -r""l#"%"r1in" %&"ir p!li%ical s%a%0s an# -r""l p0rs0" %&"ir "c!n!1ic4 s!cial an# c0l%0ral#")"l!p1"n%/

,///.

7/ I11"#ia%" s%"ps s&all '" %a>"n4 in Tr0s% an# N!n8Sel%8G!=ernn' Terrt!res !rall !%&"r %"rri%!ri"s $&ic& &a)" n!% "% a%%ain"# in#"p"n#"nc"4 %! %rans-"r allp!$"rs %! %&" p"!pl"s !- %&!s" %"rri%!ri"s4 $i%&!0% an c!n#i%i!ns !r r"s"r)a%i!ns4in acc!r#anc" $i%& %&"ir -r""l "?pr"ss"# $ill an# #"sir"4 $i%&!0% an #is%inc%i!n as

%! rac"4 cr""# !r c!l!0r4 in !r#"r %! "na'l" %&"1 %! "n=! c!1pl"%" in#"p"n#"nc"an# -r""#!1/

2/ An a%%"1 % ai1"# a% %&" ar%ial !r %!%al #isr0 %i!n !- %&" na%i!nal 0ni% an# %&"

UN Charter 123$ Art 4

M"1'"rs !- %&" Uni%"# Na%i!ns $&ic& &a)" !r ass01" r"sp!nsi'ili%i"s -!r %&"a#1inis%ra%i!n !- %"rri%!ri"s $&!s" p"!pl"s &a)" n!% "% a%%ain"# a -0ll 1"as0r" !- s"l-*!)"rn1"n% r"c!*ni" %&" principl" %&a% %&" nterests !% the nhabtants !% theseterrt!res are #aram!untan# acc"p% as a sacr"# %r0s% %&" !'li*a%i!n %! pr!1!%"%! %&" 0%1!s%4 $i%&in %&" ss%"1 !- in%"rna%i!nal p"ac" an# s"c0ri% "s%a'lis&"# '

%&" pr"s"n% C&ar%"r4 %&" $"ll'"in* !- %&" in&a'i%an%s !- %&"s" %"rri%!ri"s4 an#4 %! %&is"n#3

,///.

"/ %! %rans1i% r"*0larl %! %&" S"cr"%ar"n"ral -!r in-!r1a%i!n p0rp!s"s4 s0'="c% %!s0c& li1i%a%i!n as s"c0ri% an# c!ns%i%0%i!nal c!nsi#"ra%i!ns 1a r"0ir"4 statstcalan" !ther n%!rmat!n !% a techncal nature relatn' t! ec!n!mc s!cal an"e"ucat!nal c!n"t!ns n the terrt!res %!r ,hch they are res#ect=elyres#!nsble!%&"r %&an %&!s" %"rri%!ri"s %! $&ic& C&ap%"rs XII an# XIII appl/


21/66


EXTERNAL INTERNAL SELF:ETERMINATION

EXTERNAL SELF:ETERMINATION %&" ri*&% %! an in#"p"n#"n% s%a%"

app"ars %! appl %! p"!pl"s $&! ar" *"!*rap&icall s"para%" AN: "%&nicallc0l%0rall#is%inc% -r!1 %&" a#1inis%"rin* c!0n%r

Y "* Franc" an# %&" p"!pl"s !- In#!c&ina

Acc!r#in* %! %&" S0pr"1" C!0r% !- Cana#a ,!eference re Secession of ue"ec.4 a p"!pl"1a "n=! a ri*&% %! s%a%"&!!# $&"r"3

a. c!l!nse" by an *m#eral+ #!,er

Y 0"'"c!is4 a% %&" %i1" !- %&"ir #"-"a% ' Bri%ain4 $"r" %&"1s"l)"s E0r!p"an c!l!nis"rs!- N!r%& A1"rica

'. sub)ecte" t! alen sub)u'at!n "!mnat!n !r e#l!tat!n !uts"e !% a

c!l!nal c!ntet4 !rc. "ene" ther r'hts t! nternal sel%8"etermnat!n

Y (r"1"#ial s"c"ssi!n+

Y 0"'"c!is "n=! a &i*& l")"l !- a0%!n!14 acc"ss %! *!)"rn1"n%4 c0l%0ral ri*&%s"%c/

INTERNAL SELF:ETERMINATION ri*&%s %! r"c!*ni%i!n an# a0%!n!1 %&a% -all s&!r% !- a ri*&% %! s%a%"&!!#

%&"s" app"ar %! appl %! 1in!ri%i"s $i%&in s%a%"s ,"* S"r'ian 1in!ri% $i%&in B!snia an#H"r"*!)ina an# R0ssians $i%&in U>rain".

Dactors to consider in deter(ining 0hat constitutes a EpeopleF %"ased on a *++- report

prepared for UN.SCO'7a. c!mm!n %eatures

UN General Assembly Res 1$31 6H@7 129:

PRINCIPLES W>IC> S>OULD GUIDE ?E?BERS IN DETER?INING W>ET>ER ORNOT AN OBLIGATION EHISTS TO TRANS?IT T>E IN0OR?ATION CALLED 0OR INARTICLE 4 E O0 T>E C>ARTER O0 T>E UNITED NATIONS

,///.

Principl" I

Pri1a -aci" %&"r" is an !'li*a%i!n %! %rans1i% in-!r1a%i!n in r"sp"c% !- a %"rri%!r $&ic&is *"!*rap&icall s"para%" an# is #is%inc% "%&nicall an#!r c0l%0rall -r!1 %&" c!0n%ra#1inis%"rin* i%/

Principl"

Onc" i% &as '""n "s%a'lis&"# %&a% s0c& a pri1a -aci" cas" !- *"!*rap&ical an# "%&nical!r c0l%0ral #is%inc%n"ss !- a %"rri%!r "?is%s4 !%&"r "l"1"n%s 1a %&"n '" 'r!0*&% in%!c!nsi#"ra%i!n/ T&"s" a##i%i!nal "l"1"n%s 1a '"4 in%"r alia4 !- an a#1inis%ra%i)"4p!li%ical4 =0ri#ical4 "c!n!1ic !r &is%!rical na%0r"/ I- %&" a@"c% %&" r"la%i!ns&ip '"%$""n%&" 1"%r!p!li%an S%a%" an# %&" %"rri%!r c!nc"rn"# in a 1ann"r $&ic& ar'i%rarilplac"s %&" la%%"r in a p!si%i!n !r s%a%0s !- s0'!r#ina%i!n4 %&" s0pp!r% %&" pr"s01p%i!n


22/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESY c!11!n &is%!r4 racial"%&nic i#"n%i%4 c0l%0r"4 lan*0a*"4 r"li*i!0s !ri#"!l!*icalani%4 %"rri%!rial c!nn"c%i!n4 "c!n!1

'. ;uanttat=e

Y T&"r" n""# n!% '" a lar*" n01'"r4 '0% %&"r" 10s% '" 1!r" %&an (a 1"r"

ass!cia%i!n !- in#i)i#0als+/c. sub)ect=e

Y :!"s %&" *r!0p $is& %! '" i#"n%i"# as a p"!pl";

#. nsttut!ns

Y :! %&"r" "?is% 1"ans !- "?pr"ssin* c!11!n -"a%0r"s an# %&" $ill %! '"i#"n%i"# as a p"!pl";

P!li%ical par%i"s4 c0l%0ral ass!cia%i!ns4 "%c/

PERSONALIT< OF INTERNATIONAL ORANISATIONS

C!nsi#"r3

T&" !r*anisa%i!n+s c!ns%i%0"n% ins%r01"n%s T&" !r*anisa%i!n+s sp"ci"# !r i1pli"# !'="c%s an# p0rp!s"s

W&a% is "ss"n%ial %! %&" p"r-!r1anc" !- %&" !r*anisa%i!n+s #0%i"s

T&" prac%ic" !- s%a%"s in %&"ir r"la%i!ns $i%& %&" !r*anisa%i!n !eparation for In$uries SuAered in the Service of the United Nations) ICK

A#)is!r !pini!n4 79G9

. STATE REPONSIBILIT

:ASR3 ENERAL PRINCIPLES

UN Charter Art /637

All M"1'"rs s&all r"-rain in %&"ir in%"rna%i!nal r"la%i!ns -r!1 %&" threat !r use !%%!rce a'anst the terrt!ral nte'rty !r #!ltcal n"e#en"ence !% any state4!r in an !%&"r 1ann"r inc!nsis%"n% $i%& %&" P0rp!s"s !- %&" Uni%"# Na%i!ns/

DASR( General Prnc#les

A%tile l* Re&+on&i/ilit- of a State fo% it& inte%nationall- #%onful at&

E)"r nternat!nally ,r!n'%ul act !- a S%a%" "n%ails %&" in%"rna%i!nal r"sp!nsi'ili%!- %&a% S%a%"/

A%tile 2* Eleent& of an inte%nationall- #%onful at of a State

T&"r" is an in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% !- a S%a%" $&"n c!n#0c% c!nsis%in* !- anac%i!n !r !1issi!n3

,a. is attrbutable %! %&" S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$ an#,'. c!ns%i%0%"s a breach!% an nternat!nal !bl'at!n !- %&" S%a%"/

A%tile )* Cha%ate%i=ation of an at of a State a& inte%nationall- #%onful

T&" c&arac%"ria%i!n !- an ac% !- a S%a%" as in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l is *!)"rn"# '


23/66



24/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESDASR( Attrbut!n t! a state

A%tile >* Conut of o%an& of a State

7/ T&" c!n#0c% !- an State !r'ans&all '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- %&a% S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nalla$4 $&"%&"r %&" !r*an "?"rcis"s l"*isla%i)"4 "?"c0%i)"4 =0#icial !r an !%&"r -0nc%i!ns4 $&a%")"rp!si%i!n i% &!l#s in %&" !r*ania%i!n !- %&" S%a%"4 an# $&a%")"r i%s c&arac%"r as an !r*an !- %&"c"n%ral !)"rn1"n% !r !- a %"rri%!rial 0ni% !- %&" S%a%"/

2/ An !r*an incl0#"s an p"rs!n !r "n%i% $&ic& &as %&a% s%a%0s in acc!r#anc" $i%& %&" in%"rnal la$!- %&" S%a%"/

A%tile ;* Conut of +e%&on& o% entitie& e?e%i&in eleent& of ove%nental autho%it-

T&" c!n#0c% !- a p"rs!n !r "n%i% $&ic& is n!% an !r*an !- %&" S%a%" 0n#"r ar%icl" G '0% $&ic& is"1p!$"r"# ' %&" la$ !- %&a% S%a%" %! "?"rcis" "l"1"n%s !- %&" *!)"rn1"n%al a0%&!ri% s&all '"c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- %&" S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$4 pr!)i#"# %&" p"rs!n !r "n%i% is ac%in* in%&a% capaci% in %&" par%ic0lar ins%anc"/

Y Appli"s %! pri)a%is"# s%a%" s"r)ic"s4 "* s"c0ri% c!1pani"s r0nnin* pris!ns4 "%c/

A%tile '* Conut of o%an& +lae at the i&+o&al of a State /- anothe% State

T&" c!n#0c% !- an !r*an plac"# a% %&" #isp!sal !- a S%a%" ' an!%&"r S%a%" s&all '" c!nsi#"r"# anac% !- %&" -!r1"r S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$ i- %&" !r*an is ac%in* in %&" "?"rcis" !- "l"1"n%s !-%&" *!)"rn1"n%al a0%&!ri% !- %&" S%a%" a% $&!s" #isp!sal i% is plac"#/

Y E*3 A0s%ralia s"n#s p!lic" !c"rs %! assis% in %&" a-%"r1a%& !- an !)"rs"as "ar%&0a>"

A%tile 7* E?e&& of autho%it- o% ont%avention of in&t%ution&

T&" c!n#0c% !- an !r*an !- a S%a%" !r !- a p"rs!n !r "n%i% "1p!$"r"# %! "?"rcis" "l"1"n%s !- %&"*!)"rn1"n%al a0%&!ri% s&all '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- %&" S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$ i- %&"!r*an4 p"rs!n !r "n%i% ac%s in %&a% capaci%4 ")"n i- i% "?c""#s i%s a0%&!ri% !r c!n%ra)"n"sins%r0c%i!ns/

Y E*3 p!lic" !c"rs assa0l% an !)"rs"as %!0ris% in a p!lic" c"ll4 ")"n %&!0*& %&" &a)"'""n "?plici%l %!l# n!% %!/

A%tile 8* Conut i%ete o% ont%olle /- a State

T&" c!n#0c% !- a p"rs!n !r *r!0p !- p"rs!ns s&all '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- a S%a%" 0n#"rin%"rna%i!nal la$ i- %&" p"rs!n !r *r!0p !- p"rs!ns is in -ac% ac%in* !n %&" ins%r0c%i!ns !-4 !r 0n#"r%&" #ir"c%i!n !r c!n%r!l !-4 %&a% S%a%" in carrin* !0% %&" c!n#0c%/

Y E*3 )!l0n%""rs assis%in* a% a 1a=!r sp!r%in* ")"n% ar" ins%r0c%"# %! s0'1i% s0spici!0sl!!>in* -!r"i*n"rs %! #"*ra#in* '!# s"arc&"s

A%tile 9* Conut a%%ie out in the a/&ene o% efault of the o@ial autho%itie&

T&" c!n#0c% !- a p"rs!n !r *r!0p !- p"rs!ns s&all '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- a S%a%" 0n#"rin%"rna%i!nal la$ i- %&" p"rs!n !r *r!0p !- p"rs!ns is in -ac% "?"rcisin* "l"1"n%s !- %&"*!)"rn1"n%al a0%&!ri% in %&" a's"nc" !r #"-a0l% !- %&" !cial a0%&!ri%i"s an# in circ01s%anc"ss0c& as %! call -!r %&" "?"rcis" !- %&!s" "l"1"n%s !- a0%&!ri%/

Y E*3 ac%s c!11i%%"# ' %&" R")!l0%i!nar 0ar#s in %&" i11"#ia%" a-%"r1a%& !- %&"Iranian R")!l0%i!n in 79Q9

A%tile 10* Conut of an in&u%%etional o% othe% oveent

8/ T&" c!n"uct !% an nsurrect!nal m!=ement $&ic& '"c!1"s %&" n"$ !)"rn1"n% !- aS%a%" s&all '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- %&a% S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$/

G/ T&" c!n#0c% !- a 1!)"1"n%4 ins0rr"c%i!nal !r !%&"r4 $&ic& s0cc""#s in "s%a'lis&in* a n"$S%a%" in par% !- %&" %"rri%!r !- a pr""?is%in* S%a%" !r in a %"rri%!r 0n#"r i%s a#1inis%ra%i!ns&all '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- %&" n"$ S%a%" 0n#"r in%"rna%i!nal la$/

5/ T&is ar%icl" is $i%&!0% pr"=0#ic" %! %&" a%%ri'0%i!n %! a S%a%" !- an c!n#0c%4 &!$")"r r"la%"# %!%&a% !- %&" 1!)"1"n% c!nc"rn"#4 $&ic& is %! '" c!nsi#"r"# an ac% !- %&a% S%a%" ' )ir%0" !-ar%icl"s G %! 9/

A%tile 11* Conut ano#lee an ao+te /- a State a& it& o#n


25/66


RESPONSIBILIT< FOR ACTS OF ANOTHER STATE

REPARATION

RESTITUTION AN: COMPENSATION

DASR( res#!nsblty %!r acts !% an!ther state

A%tile 1'* Ai o% a&&i&tane in the oi&&ion of an inte%nationall-#%onful at

A S%a%" $&ic& a"s !r asssts an!%&"r S%a%" in %&" c!11issi!n !- an in%"rna%i!nall$r!n*-0l ac% ' %&" la%%"r is in%"rna%i!nall r"sp!nsi'l" -!r #!in* s! i-3

,a. %&a% S%a%" #!"s s! $i%& >n!$l"#*" !- %&" circ01s%anc"s !- %&" in%"rna%i!nall$r!n*-0l ac% an#

,'. %&" ac% $!0l# '" in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l i- c!11i%%"# ' %&a% S%a%"/

Y E*3 assis%in* %&" USA in %&" r"n#i%i!n !- s0sp"c%"# %"rr!ris%s

A%tile 17* i%etion an ont%ol e?e%i&e ove% the oi&&ion of aninte%nationall- #%onful at

A S%a%" $&ic& "rects an" c!ntr!ls an!%&"r S%a%" in %&" c!11issi!n !- anin%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% ' %&" la%%"r is in%"rna%i!nall r"sp!nsi'l" -!r %&a% ac% i-3

/ ,a. %&a% S%a%" #!"s s! $i%& >n!$l"#*" !- %&" circ01s%anc"s !- %&" in%"rna%i!nall$r!n*-0l ac% an#

Q/ ,'. %&" ac% $!0l# '" in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l i- c!11i%%"# ' %&a% S%a%"/

A%tile 18* Coe%ion of anothe% State

A S%a%" $&ic& c!erces an!%&"r S%a%" %! c!11i% an ac% is in%"rna%i!nall r"sp!nsi'l"-!r %&a% ac% i-3

DASR( re#arat!n

A%tile )0* Ce&&ation an non%e+etition

T&" S%a%" r"sp!nsi'l" -!r %&" in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% is 0n#"r an !'li*a%i!n3

,a. %! cease %&a% ac%4 i- i% is c!n%in0in*,'. %! !@"r appr!pria%" assurances an#*0aran%""s !- n!nr"p"%i%i!n4 i-

A%tile )1* Re+a%ation

J/ T&" r"sp!nsi'l" S%a%" is 0n#"r an !'li*a%i!n %! 1a>" -0ll re#arat!n -!r %&" in=0rca0s"# ' %&" in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac%/

9/ In=0r incl0#"s an #a1a*"4 $&"%&"r 1a%"rial !r 1!ral4 ca0s"# ' %&"

in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% !- a S%a%"/


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SATISFACTION

CIRCUMSTANCES PRECLU:IN WRONFULNESS ,:EFENCES.

C!ns"n%

S"l-#"-"nc" in %&" -ac" !- an ar1"# a%%ac>

Ta>in* l"*i%i1a%" c!0n%"r1"as0r"s Dorce (a$eure

:is%r"ss

N"c"ssi%

A%tile );* Re&titution

A S%a%" r"sp!nsi'l" -!r an in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% is 0n#"r an !'li*a%i!n %! 1a>"

r"s%i%0%i!n4 %&a% is4 %! r""s%a'lis& %&" si%0a%i!n $&ic& "?is%"# '"-!r" %&" $r!n*-0l ac%$as c!11i%%"#4 pr!)i#"# an# %! %&" "?%"n% %&a% r"s%i%0%i!n3

,a. is n!% 1a%"riall i1p!ssi'l"

,'. #!"s n!% in)!l)" a '0r#"n !0% !- all pr!p!r%i!n %! %&" '"n"% #"ri)in* -r!1r"s%i%0%i!n ins%"a# !- c!1p"nsa%i!n/

A%tile )'* Co+en&ation

7/ T&" S%a%" r"sp!nsi'l" -!r an in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% is 0n#"r an !'li*a%i!n %!c!1p"nsa%" -!r %&" #a1a*" ca0s"# %&"r"'4 ins!-ar as s0c& #a1a*" is n!% 1a#"*!!# ' r"s%i%0%i!n/

77/ T&" c!1p"nsa%i!n s&all c!)"r an nanciall ass"ssa'l" #a1a*" incl0#in* l!ss !-pr!%s ins!-ar as i% is "s%a'lis&"#/

A%tile )7* Sati&fation

7/ T&" S%a%" r"sp!nsi'l" -!r an in%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% is 0n#"r an !'li*a%i!n %!*i)" sa%is-ac%i!n -!r %&" in=0r ca0s"# ' %&a% ac% ins!-ar as i% cann!% '" 1a#" *!!#' r"s%i%0%i!n !r c!1p"nsa%i!n/

2/ Sa%is-ac%i!n 1a c!nsis% in an acn!,le"'ement !- %&" 'r"ac&4 an e#ress!n!% re'ret4 a -!r1al a#!l!'y !r an!%&"r appr!pria%" 1!#ali%/

8/ Sa%is-ac%i!n s&all n!% '" !0% !- pr!p!r%i!n %! %&" in=0r an# 1a n!% %a>" a -!r1&01ilia%in %! %&" r"s !nsi'l" S%a%"/


27/66


Has %&"r" '""n an ar1"# a%%ac>;

"n 1"as0r"s n"c"ssar %! 1ain%ainin%"rna%i!nal p"ac" an# s"c0ri%/

,///.

A%tile 2)* Fo%e aBeu%e

7/ T&" $r!n*-0ln"ss !- an ac% !- a S%a%" n!% in c!n-!r1i% $i%& an in%"rna%i!nal!'li*a%i!n !- %&a% S%a%" is pr"cl0#"# i- %&" ac% is #0" %! -!rc" 1a="0r"4 %&a% is %&"

!cc0rr"nc" !- an irr"sis%i'l" -!rc" !r !- an 0n-!r"s""n ")"n%4 '"!n# %&" c!n%r!l !- %&"S%a%"4 1a>in* i% 1a%"riall i1p!ssi'l" in %&" circ01s%anc"s %! p"r-!r1 %&" !'li*a%i!n/

2/ Para*rap& 7 #!"s n!% appl i-3

,a. %&" si%0a%i!n !- -!rc" 1a="0r" is #0"4 "i%&"r al!n" !r in c!1'ina%i!n $i%& !%&"r-ac%!rs4 %! %&" c!n#0c% !- %&" S%a%" in)!>in* i% !r

,'. %&" S%a%" &as ass01"# %&" ris> !- %&a% si%0a%i!n !cc0rrin*/

A%tile 2>* i&t%e&&

72/ T&" $r!n*-0ln"ss !- an ac% !- a S%a%" n!% in c!n-!r1i% $i%& an in%"rna%i!nal!'li*a%i!n !- %&a% S%a%" is pr"cl0#"# i- %&" a0%&!r !- %&" ac% in 0"s%i!n &as n!!%&"r r"as!na'l" $a4 in a si%0a%i!n !- #is%r"ss4 !- sa)in* %&" a0%&!r+s li-" !r %&"li)"s !- !%&"r p"rs!ns "n%r0s%"# %! %&" a0%&!r+s car"/

78/ Para*rap& 7 #!"s n!% appl i-3

7/ ,a. %&" si%0a%i!n !- #is%r"ss is #0"4 "i%&"r al!n" !r in c!1'ina%i!n $i%& !%&"r-ac%!rs4 %! %&" c!n#0c% !- %&" S%a%" in)!>in* i% !r

2/ ,'. %&" ac% in 0"s%i!n is li>"l %! cr"a%" a c!1para'l" !r *r"a%"r p"ril/


28/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESNECESSIT"# ' a S%a%" as a *r!0n# -!r pr"cl0#in* %&"$r!n*-0ln"ss !- an ac% n!% in c!n-!r1i% $i%& an in%"rna%i!nal !'li*a%i!n !- %&a% S%a%"0nl"ss %&" ac%3

8/ ,a. is %&" !nl $a -!r %&" S%a%" %! sa-"*0ar# an "ss"n%ial in%"r"s%a*ains% a *ra)" an# i11in"n% p"ril an#

G/ ,'. #!"s n!% s"ri!0sl i1pair an "ss"n%ial in%"r"s% !- %&" S%a%" !r S%a%"s%!$ar#s $&ic& %&" !'li*a%i!n "?is%s4 !r !- %&" in%"rna%i!nal c!110ni%as a $&!l"/

2/ In an cas"4 n"c"ssi% 1a n!% '" in)!>"# ' a S%a%" as a *r!0n# -!r pr"cl0#in*$r!n*-0ln"ss i-3

5/ ,a. %&" in%"rna%i!nal !'li*a%i!n in 0"s%i!n "?cl0#"s %&" p!ssi'ili% !-in)!>in* n"c"ssi% !r

/ ,'. %&" S%a%" &as c!n%ri'0%"# %! %&" si%0a%i!n !- n"c"ssi%/

Le'al C!nse;uences !% the C!nstruct!n !% a Wall n the Occu#e"Palestnan Terrt!ry A"=s!ry O#n!n !% the IC& 2 &uly /::3

What are the legal consequences arising from the construction of the wall being built by Israel, theoccupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around ast !erusalem, asdescribed in the report of the "ecretary#$eneral, considering the rules and principles ofinternational law, including the %ourth $ene&a 'on&ention of ()*), and rele&ant "ecurity 'ounciland $eneral +ssembly resolutions-

Right of self-determination

The 'ourt gi&es a &ariety of reasons for this conclusion, but the primary reason is that it infringesupon the right of the Palestinian people to self#determination as laid down in +rticle ( to the ./'harter0In coming to that conclusion, the 'ourt re1ected Israel2s assertion that the wall is a temporarysecurity barrier without any political significance, which can be ta3en down at any time as part of apolitical settlement0 4ather, the 'ourt comes close to saying that the construction of the wall is apreliminary to the anne5ation by Israel of the so#called 'losed +rea lying between the $reen 6ineand the wall7

The 'ourt considers that the construction of the wall and its associated r8gime create a 9faitaccompli2 on the ground that could well become permanent, in which case, andnotwithstanding the formal characteri:ation of the wall by Israel, it would be tantamount to de

facto anne5ation0- ;paragraph (


29/66


STAN:AR: OF TREATMENT

*Nat!nal treatment+ stan"ar"

A -!r"i*n na%i!nal is "n%i%l"# %! '" %r"a%"# n! $!rs" %&an a l!cal na%i!nal *Internat!nal mnmum+ stan"ar"

A -!r"i*n na%i!nal is "n%i%l"# %! 1ini101 s%an#ar#s !- pr!%"c%i!n4r"*ar#l"ss !- %&" %r"a%1"n% !- l!cal na%i!nals

%&" -a)!0r"# )i"$ a1!n* p0'licis%s

T! a c!nsi#"ra'l" "?%"n% in%"rna%i!nal 1"c&anis1s -!r &01an ri*&%spr!%"c%i!n &"lp %! "ns0r" %&"s" 1ini101 s%an#ar#s4 sinc" %&" in)aria'l"nc!1pass %r"a%1"n% ' a s%a%" !- n!nna%i!nals !- %&a% s%a%"/ E*3

7Q s%a%"s ar" par% %! %&" Inte%national Covenant on Civil anolitial Riht&

GQ s%a%"s ar" par% %! %&" Eu%o+ean Convention on uan

Riht& E)"n s!4 s!1" s%a%"s ar" n!% par% %! an &01an ri*&%s %r"a%/ In %&!s"

cas"s i% is &ar#"r %! #"%"r1in" %&" 1ini101 s%an#ar#s !- pr!%"c%i!n %&a% as%a%" s&!0l# a@!r# n!nna%i!nals/

:ECISIONS OF USMEXICANPANAMA CLAIMS COMMISSION

B"*an in 797792

In 7978 M"?ic! "?p"ri"nc"# 1ili%ar c!0p $&"r" a 1ili%ar *"n"ral %!!> p!$"r L"# %! a 'r"a>#!$n $i%& US US %r!!ps s"n% in%! M"?ic! %! !cc0p an i1p!r%an%

s"ap!r% US M"?ican r"la%i!ns r"1ain"# !n >ni-" "#*" M"?ic! rai#"# US l"a#in* %! #"a%& !-79 US ci%i"ns

792G a %r"a% '"%$""n US an# M"?ic! s"% 0p a c!11issi!n %! c!nsi#"r clai1s !-ci%i"ns/ T&" c!11issi!n sa% -r!1 792G 792Q

Re state+s ne'at=e !bl'at!ns(,$&a% s%a%"s ar" n!% 1"an% %! #!.

!o"erts Clai(4 792 ,0nacc"p%a'l" pris!n c!n#i%i!ns.

R" i1pris!n1"n% in M"?ic! !- a US na%i!nal -!r 79 1!n%&s/ S0'="c%%! cr0"l an# in&01an"D %r"a%1"n%s c!nn"#/ T&" c!n#i%i!ns !-cap%i)i% $"r" &"l# %! '" 0nacc"p%a'l"4 ")"n %&!0*& M"?icanpris!n"rs r"c"i)"# %&" sa1" %r"a%1"n%/

C!11issi!n #"ci#"# %&a% -ac%s $i%& r"sp"c% %! "0ali% !- %r"a%1"n%'"%$""n ali"ns an# na%i!nals 1a '" !- c!nsi#"ra%i!n BUT is n!%%&" 0l%i1a%" %"s%

T&" i1p!r%an% %"s% %! appl is $&"%&"r ali"ns ar" %r"a%"# inacc!r#anc" $i%& !r#inar ci)ilisa%i!n #"%"r1in"# %&a% R!'"r%s #i#s0@"r cr0"l an# in&01an" %r"a%1"n%

Re state+s #!st=e !bl'at!ns( ,$&a% a s%a%" 10s% #! in !r#"r %! sa-"*0ar#-!r"i*n na%i!nals.

Iss0" "?%"n% %! $&ic& a s%a%" 10s% pr!%"c% a -!r"i*n"r -r!1 ac%s !- !%&"rna%i!nals !r %&" *!)"rn1"n% i%s"l-/ O')i!0s $a %! pr!%"c% is %&r!0*&cri1inal la$/

?assey Clai(4 792Q ,0na0%&!ris"# r"l"as" !- a s0sp"c% -r!1

c0s%!#.


30/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES R" 10r#"r !- a US ci%i"n ' a M"?ican in M"?ic!/ T&"

M"?ican 10r#"r"r $as all!$"# %! "scap"/ M"?ic! $as &"l#r"sp!nsi'l" -!r %&" "scap" -!r -ailin* %! cap%0r" an# p0nis&%&" >ill"r4 ")"n %&!0*& %&" pris!n !c"r $&! l"% &i1 "scap"$as p0nis&"# -!r #!in* s!/ M"?ic! $as r"0ir"# %! pac!1p"nsa%i!n %! %&" US ci%i"n+s $i#!$ n!% -!r &is 10r#"r4'0% M"?ic!+s -ail0r" %! %a>" pr!p"r 1"as0r"s %! p0nis&10r#"r"r/

Janes Clai(4 792 ,ina#"0a%" 1"as0r"s %! appr"&"n# a s0sp"c%.

R" %ar#in"ss ' a l!cal M"?ican p!lic" Co(isario,C!1issi!n"r !- P!lic". in p0rs0in* %&" "scapin* >ill"r !- aUS na%i!nal/ Ra%&"r %&an p0rsin* %&" >ill"r !n -!!%4 p!lic"c&i"- sp"n% an &!0r !r*anisin* &!rs"s %! c&as" ' %&" %i1"!r*anis"# %&" c0lpri% $as a$a/ M"?ican Clai1s C!11issi!nn!% sa%is"# M"?ic! &a# #!n" "n!0*& %! cap%0r" >ill"r/M"?ic! $as &"l# r"sp!nsi'l" -!r -ailin* %! 'rin* %&" >ill"r %!=0s%ic"/ A*ain n!% in r"la%i!n %! %&" >illin* '0% M"?ic!+s -ail0r"

%! -0ll !'li*a%i!ns/

Noyes Clai(4 7988 ,ina#"0a%" p!lic" pr!%"c%i!n.

S0**"s%s l")"l !- n"*l"c% $!0l# n""# %! '" "?%r"1"l 'a#

Rais"# ' US a*ains% Pana1a

R" ina#"0a%" p!licin* !- a lar*" cr!$# $&ic& a%%ac>"# a USci%i"n/ P!lic" pr"s"nc" c!nsis%"# !- %&" 0s0al 8 !c"rs/Cr!$# '"ca1" r!$# -!r1 alc!&!l an# a US ci%i"n %ri"# %!#ri)" %&r!0*& cr!$#/ P!lic" !c"rs #i# $&a% %&" c!0l# %!pr!%"c% US ci%i"n/ Clai1 n!% #ir"c%"# a% %&"1 '0% Pana1a+s-ail0r" %! pr!)i#" 1!r" !c"rs/ Pana1a $as &"l# %! '" n!%r"sp!nsi'l" -!r in=0ri"s an# #a1a*" %! pr!p"r% r"s0l%in*

-r!1 %&" ina#"0a%" p!lic" pr"s"nc"/ T&"r" $!0l# n""# %!'" a 1!r" *"n"ral -ailin* in p!licin*/ T&"r" 10s% '" s&!$nsp"cial circ01s%anc"s $&"r" %&" a0%&!ri%+s '"&a)i!0r #i#n+%c!1pl !r %&"r" $as a *"n"ral -ail0r"

INTERNATIONAL COENANT OF CIIL AN: POLITICAL RIHTS

7Q s%a%"s par% ,9[ !- UN 1"1'"rs&ip. $i%& "?c"p%i!n !- C&ina4 Sa0#i Ara'ia an#Man1ar all $!rl#+s 1a=!r s%a%"s ar" par%

%&"s" HR %r"a%i"s in)aria'l a@!r# pr!%"c%i!ns r"*ar#l"ss !- a p"rs!n+s na%i!nali%

Eur!#ean C!n=ent!n !% >uman R'hts n! #is%inc%i!n #ra$n '"%$""n Una%i!nals4 an# )isi%!rs -r!1 !%&"r s%a%"s/ I- !0 ar" a -!r"i*n"r )isi%in* U !r !%&"r G

s%a%"s par%4 %&"n a0%!1a%icall %&"r" "?is%s a 1"c&anis1 $&"r" !0 can sa-"*0ar#!0r ri*&%s in IL an# 'rin* !0r clai1 %! %&" C!0r% !- E0r!p"an HR in S%ras'!0r* #!n+% ")"n n""# A0s%ralia %! 'ac> %! 0p

S%a%"s %&a% ar" n!% par% %! a sin*l" HR c!n)"n%i!n $&a% l")"l !- pr!%"c%i!n #!"s %&a%s%a%" n""# %! pr!)i#";

Ans$"r %! $&"%&"r a s%a%" &as c"r%ain HR !'li*a%i!ns %!$ar#s ci%i"ns #"p"n# !n %&""?%"n% %! $&ic& c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal la$ &as '""n a#!p%"# in par%ic0lar$us cogens,r0l"s !- c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal la$ %&a% s%a%"s cann!% !p% !0% !-./

I- $" can cl"arl i#"n%i- %&!s" c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal l"*al r0l"s %&"n $" can as>!0rs"l)"s &!$ 'a# #!"s %r"a%1"n% n""# %! '" '"-!r" i% #r!ps '"l!$ %&is c0s%!1ar

s%an#ar#D;

n!% an "as 0"s%i!n %! as>


31/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES I- a s%a%" -alls !0%si#" all %&!s" ss%"1s !- pr!%"c%i!n %&"n %&"r" is n!$&"r" -!r %&"

in#i)i#0al %! c!1plain %! %&"r" is n! In%"rna%i!nal C!0r% !- HR $i%& 0ni)"rsal=0ris#ic%i!n4 an# '"ca0s" %&"r" is n! s0c& c!0r% %&"r" is n! c!0r% %! *0i#" 0s/

T&"r"-!r"4 %&is 0"s%i!n is rar"l as>"# $i%& an *r"a% a0%&!ri% ins%"a# $" 10s%

l!!> a% $!r>s !- p0'licis%s !n %&is iss0"

EXPROPRIATION OF PROPERTousing Corporation

'!0*&% lan# in Iran

Iranian *!)"rn1"n% -r!" %&" c!rp!ra%i!n+s 'an> acc!0n% Iran+s %ri'0nal &a# #"ci#"#i% &a# '""n #"ni"# pr!p"r 0s" !- pr!p"r% ri*&%s c!1p"nsa%i!n paa'l"/

C!1p"nsa%i!n 10s% '"3

(pr!1p%4 a#"0a%" an# "@"c%i)"+ ,H0ll -!r10la.

BP "n%"r"# in%! a*r""1"n% $i%& Iran *ran%"# "ar lic"ns" %!1in" !il in Iran/ In 7957 Iran na%i!nali"# i%s !il in#0s%ri"s/ U %!!>Iran %! ICK !n '"&al- !- An*l!P"rsian Oil c!1pan #"1an#in* %&"a*r""1"n% '" 0p&"l# an# BP '" *i)"n l!ss !- pr!%s/ U*!)"rn1"n% sp"ll"# !0% $&a% i% %&!0*&% %! '" %&" 1"anin* !- H0ll-!r10la3

Acc!r#in* %! %&" U cas" ,7952.3

(a#"0a%"+ 6 %&" )al0" !- %&" 0n#"r%a>in* a% %&" 1!1"n% !-#isp!ss"ssi!n4 pl0s in%"r"s% %! #a%" !- pa1"n%

(pr!1p%+ 6 i11"#ia%" cas&4 !r a1!0n% pr!1p%l ?"#4 $i%&in%"r"s% an# *0aran%""s

("@"c%i)"+ 6 0sa'l" !0%si#" %&" pain* s%a%" #")"l!pin* s%a%"s ar" n!% *!in* %! $an% %! a*r"" %! %&is $an% %!

na%i!nalis" !il4 "%c 1a=!ri% !- UN na%i!ns ar" #")"l!pin* s%a%"s

(appr!pria%"+4 as #"%"r1in"# ' %&" pain* s%a%" ,UNA R"s 82J74 79QG.

Pr")i!0sl -a)!0r"# ' 1an #")"l!pin* na%i!ns $i%& na%i!nalisin*a*"n#as

Ins%"a# !- (a#"0a%"+ 79QG r"s!l0%i!n r1l p0%s 'all in c!0r% !-na%i!nalisin* !r "?pr!pria%in* s%a%" 0p %! %&"1 %! #"ci#" $&a% isappr!pria%" c!1p"nsa%i!n

R""c%"# as c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal la$

Is i% pr!1p%4 a#"0a%" an# "@"c%i)" c!1p"nsa%i!n ,as -a)!0r"# '

U4 US4 "%c.; Or appr!pria%" c!1p"nsa%i!n;


32/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES (-air+ ,IranUS Clai1s Tri'0nal4 79JQ. c!1p"nsa%i!n 10s% '" -air !r =0s%

%&a% 1"ans pain* 1ar>"% )al0"

l!ss pr!%s $!0l# !nl '" a)aila'l" i- "?pr!pria%i!n 0nla$-0lacc!r#in* %! r"s J8 UN A ,sli#" G. p"r1i%s "?pr!pria%i!n 'as"#

!n i% is 'as"# !n *r!0n#s !- p0'lic 0%ili% "%c/ ,i/"/4 as l!n* as i% is -!ra *!!# ca0s".

in n! cas" s&!0l# -!r"i*n na%i!nals '" "n%i%l"# %! p0ni%i)" #a1a*"s

:IPLOMATIC PROTECTION

W&"r" a s%a%" 'rin*s !0% a clai1 a*ains% an!%&"r s%a%" r"pr"s"n%in* !n" !- %&" s%a%"+sna%i!nals/

C!n"t!ns %!r "#l!matc #r!tect!n

A. NATIONALIT< RULE

S%a%" can !nl 'rin* a clai1 !n '"&al- !- an in#i)i#0al !r c!rp!ra%i!n i- %&" in#i)i#0al is aci%i"n !r %&" c!rp!ra%i!n r"*is%"r"# in %&a% s%a%" ,ar% 8./

%aft A%tile& on State Re&+on&i/ilit-art 33(Ai&&i/ilit- of lai&

T&" r"sp!nsi'ili% !- a S%a%" 1a n!% '" in)!>"# i-3,a. %&" clai1 is n!% 'r!0*&% in acc!r#anc" $i%& an applica'l" r0l" r"la%in* %! %&"

na%i!nali% !- clai1s

,'. %&" clai1 is !n" %! $&ic& %&" r0l" !- "?&a0s%i!n !- l!cal r"1"#i"s appli"s an#an a)aila'l" an# "@"c%i)" l!cal r"1"# &as n!% '""n "?&a0s%"#/

%aft A%tile of i+loati %otetion a%t 1* enition an &o+e

F!r %&" p0rp!s"s !- %&" pr"s"n% #ra-% ar%icl"s4 #ipl!1a%ic pr!%"c%i!n c!nsis%s !- %&"in)!ca%i!n ' a S%a%"4 %&r!0*& #ipl!1a%ic ac%i!n !r !%&"r 1"ans !- p"ac"-0ls"%%l"1"n%4 !- %&" r"sp!nsi'ili% !- an!%&"r S%a%" -!r an in=0r ca0s"# ' anin%"rna%i!nall $r!n*-0l ac% !- %&a% S%a%" %! a na%0ral !r l"*al p"rs!n %&a% is a na%i!nal!- %&" -!r1"r S%a%" $i%& a )i"$ %! %&" i1pl"1"n%a%i!n !- s0c& r"sp!nsi'ili%/

A a%t )* %otetion /- the State of nationalit-

7/ T&" S%a%" "n%i%l"# %! "?"rcis" #ipl!1a%ic pr!%"c%i!n is %&" S%a%" !- na%i!nali%/

2/ N!%$i%&s%an#in* para*rap& 74 #ipl!1a%ic pr!%"c%i!n 1a '" "?"rcis"# ' aS%a%" in r"sp"c% !- a p"rs!n %&a% is n!% i%s na%i!nal in acc!r#anc" $i%& #ra-% ar%icl" J/


33/66


T&is 'r!a#"ns %&" r0l" %! incl0#" s%a%"l"ss p"!pl" an# r"-0*""s/ Hall #!"s n!% c!nsi#"rar% J r""c%i)" !- c0s%!1ar in%"rna%i!nal la$/ Onl %&in* %&a% can '" sai# $i%& c"r%ain%

is $&! is a na%i!nal !- %&" s%a%"/

E0r!p"an na%i!ns %"n# %! "1p&asis" 'l!!# lin"a*"/ Na%i!nali% is pri1aril #"%"r1in"# 'par"n%s !r p"r&aps 1!r" r"1!%"/ T&is 1a "?cl0#" p"!pl"/

$us sanguinis ,(ri*&% !- 'l!!#+.

na%i!nali% is #"%"r1in"# lar*"l ' anc"s%r

&is%!ricall incl0#"# 1!s% !- E0r!p"4 "* "r1an anc"s%r &as'""n #"%"r1in"# ' 'l!!# an# plac" !- 'ir%& is irr"l")an%

$us soli ,(ri*&% !- %&" s!il+.

na%i!nali% is #"%"r1in"# lar*"l ' plac" !- 'ir%& !r &!$ l!n* %&"in#i)i#0al &as li)"# in a c!0n%r

&is%!ricall incl0#"# Franc" an# %&" U

%&is 1"ans s"c!n# *"n"ra%i!n i11i*ran%s ar" *i)"n !pp!r%0ni% -!rci%i"ns&ip

r"c"n%l4 s%a%"s ar" -!ll!$in* a c!1'ina%i!n !- %&"s"

i/"/4 Bri%is& ci%i"n ' #"sc"n% ,!n" par"n% ci%i"n.

B0% NB %&" .uropean Convention on Nationality) *++


34/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES Al1!s% all na%i!nali% la$s -!ll!$ sa1" principl"s ")"n %&!0*& %&" #i@"r in #"%ail

Al1!s% al$as #"%"r1in"# ' a c!1'ina%i!n !- -!0r -ac%!rs

DADP art 3

7/ Plac" !- 'ir%&2/ P"rs!n+s par"n%a*" !r anc"s%r8/ Pr!c"ss !- na%0ralisa%i!n ,c!11!n in A0s%ralia $&"r" lar*" pr!p!r%i!n c!1"s

-r!1 i11i*ran% c!110ni%i"s an# '"c!1" ci%i"ns.G/ R"s0l% !- s0cc"ssi!n !- s%a%"s p!p0la%i!n c&an*"s &an# '"%$""n s%a%"s/ i/"/4

$&"n USSR #")!l)"# in%! n"$ in#"p"n#"n% s%a%"s ,R0ssia4 "!r*ia4 "%c/.

DADP( "ual nat!nalty


35/66

O% ,hch state s H anat!nal

States A an" B

W&ic& na%i!nali% ispr"#!1inan%;

State A

S%a%" Acan clai13

:A:P ar% Q

State B

S%a%" Acann!%clai13

:A:P ar% Q

State A !nly

Is X+sc!nn"c%i!n$i%& S%a%" A*"n0in" !r

%"n0!0s;

Genune

S%a%" A canclai13

:A:P ar%s74 8,7. \ F

Tenu!us

Is X+sc!nn"c%i!n $i%&S%a%" B *"n0in"

!r %"n0!0s;

Genune

S%a%" Acann!% clai13

Notte"oh(

Tenu!us

S%a%" A canpr!'a'l

clai1

State B!nly

S%a%" Acann!%clai1

Nether A n!r B

S%a%" A 1a '"a'l" %! clai1 i- X

is3

a. s%a%"l"ss !r a

r"-0*""4 an#'. la$-0ll \

&a'i%0allr"si#"n% in A

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESNotte/oh6IC& 12$$7

"r1an na%i!nal 1!)"# %! 0a%"1ala a% 2G an# li)"# %&"r" -!r 8J "ars/

WW2 s%ar%"#4 an# 0a%"1ala "?p"ll"# &i1 '"ca0s" &" $as "r1an

A% !0%'r"a> !- $ar4 "r1an na%i!nal $"n% %! Li"c&%"ns%"in !'%ain"# na%i!nali%an# &" l!s% &is "r1an na%i!nali% ,"r1an la$ #i# n!% all!$ #0al na%i!nali%./Li"c&%"ns%"in %&"n 'r!0*&% a clai1 a*ains% 0a%"1ala/

P"r1issi'l" -!r L %! 'rin* clai1 a*ains% #"spi%" &i1 li)in* an# $!r>in* %&"r" -!r8J "ars; N!1inal na%i!nal '!n# P !nl sp"n% 8 #as in L/

ICK %!!> )i"$ %&a% -!r na%i!nali% %! '" r"c!*nisa'l" -!r p0rp!s"s !- in%"rna%i!nalla$4 '!n# '"%$""n na%i!nal an# s%a%" &a# %! '" real an" eJect=e/

H"l# %&a% &" $as n!% "n%i%l"# %! 'rin* a clai1 '"ca0s" &is '!n# $i%& L $as n!% r"alan# "@"c%i)" Lic&%"ns%"in c!0l# n!% 'rin* a cas" a*ains% 0a%"1ala

Ill0s%ra%"s %&a% i% is 0nli>"l %! '" "@"c%i)" %! *ain a na%i!nali% !- c!n)"ni"nc"

H!$")"r i- &" &a# par"n%s '!rn in L %&is 1i*&% &a)" '""n "n!0*&

L pr!'a'l c!0l# &a)" a@!r#"# pr!%"c%i!n %! a s%a%" !%&"r %&an 0a%"1ala ,P &a#a #""p cl"ar r"la%i!n $i%& %&" s%a%" #"spi%" n!% '"in* a na%i!nal.


36/66


CORPORATIONS

A s%a%" cann!% '" !'li*"# in in%"rna%i!nal la$ %! pr!%"c% an p"rs!n 0nl"ss %&"r" is a%r"a% !'li*a%i!n

C"r%ain #"*r"" !- ris> in in)"s%in* in -!r"i*n c!1pan i- B"l*ian s%!c>&!l#"rs in)"s%"#in B"l*ian c!1pan %&"n B"l*i01 $!0l# '" in a 10c& '"%%"r pr!%"c%i!n/

In%"rna%i!nal La$ C!11issi!n &as %ri"# a #i@"r"n% appr!ac&3 %! #"n" a lin> %"s% ,:ra-%Ar%icl" 9. %&is is a pr!p!sal -!r -0%0r" la$ n!% a c!11"n% !n %&" $a %&" la$ is %!#a,Hall./

:IPLOMATIC PROTECTION FOR MERCHANT SHIPPIN

As !- 294 G[ !- $!rl#s "n%ir" ""% !- 1"rc&an% s&ippin* $"r" r"*is%"r"# in =0s% %&r""s1all s%a%"s3 Pana1a4 Li'"ria an# %&" Mars&al Islan#s/ :"spi%" %&" s1allp!p0la%i!ns"c!n!1 !- %&!s" s%a%"s/ T&" c!1pani"s ar" rar"l !$n"# ' na%i!nals -r!1%&"s" s%a%"s/

;elgiu( v Spain ,;arcelona Traction.4 ICK4 79Q Barc"l!na Trac%i!n $as a c!1pan %&a% !p"ra%"# in Spain/ I% $as

r"*is%"r"# in Cana#a '0% lar*"l !$n"# ' B"l*ians/

B"l*i01 $is&"# %! "?%"n# #ipl!1a%ic pr!%"c%i!n %! %&" B"l*ians%!c>&!l#"rs $&! &a# s0@"r"# nancial l!ss #0" %! Spain+s %r"a%1"n% !-%&" c!1pan/ Spain !'="c%"# %&a% #"spi%" %&" c!1pan '"in* !$n"# 'B"l*ians ,an# %&0s !nl B"l*ians s0@"r"#. %&" c!1pan $as Cana#ian/

T&" ICK &"l# %&a% !nl Cana#a c!0l# ,'0% $as n!% !'li*"# %!. *ran%#ipl!1a%ic pr!%"c%i!n in r"la%i!n %! %&" c!1pan/

St Gincent and the /renadines v /uinea ,Saiga case4 In%"rna%i!nal Tri'0nal -!r %&" La$

!- %&" S"a4 7999. M (Sai*a+ $as r"*is%"r"# in S% inc"n%4 !$n"# ' Cpri!%s4 c&ar%"r"#

' S$iss an# cr"$"# lar*"l ' U>rainians/

I% $as a%%ac>"# ' 0in"a '"ca0s" all"*"#l s"llin* !il in $a%"rs

"ss"l #a1a*"s an# cr"$ 1"1'"rs in=0r"#/

S% inc"n% a%%"1p%"# %! 'rin* a clai1 a*ains% 0in"a/

T&" In%"rna%i!nal Tri'0nal &"l# %&a% %&" na%i!nal s%a%" !- a s&ip is %&"s%a%" in $&ic& %&" s&ip is r"*is%"r"# ,S% inc"n%. the -a' state can#r!tect the sh# that s -yn' the -a' as ,ell as th!se !n thesh# an" th!se ,th le'al nterest n the car'! 6e=en ,hen allthese nat!naltes "Jer ,th each !ther.


37/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESCON:ITIONS FOR :IPLOMATIC PROTECTION

S%a%" A s&!0l# n!% '" a'l" %! 'rin* a clai1 a*ains% S%a%" B -!r na%i!nal A 0n%il %&" &a)""?&a0s%"# l!cal r"1"#i"s in S%a%" B+s #!1"s%ic pr!c"ss"s/ Onl $&"n S%a%" B #!"s n!%1a>" a1"n#s can i% '" &"l# acc!0n%a'l" ' S%a%" A ,i/"/4 na%i!nali% !nl '"c!1"sin)!l)"# $&"n pr!c"ss"s -ail %! a##r"ss clai1./

N!%"3 T&is #!"s n!% appl %! s%a%"s %&a% #! n!% #ir"c%l s0@"r $r!n*s/

T&" !nl l!cal r"1"#i"s %&a% 10s% '" "?&a0s%"# ar" %&!s" %&a% ar" a)aila'l"D an#"@"c%i)"D i- !')i!0s a l"*al ac%i!n in #!1"s%ic c!0r% $ill l!s" i% #!"sn+% &a)" %! '"'r!0*&%/

2. STATE &URISDICTION AND I??UNIT

K0ris#ic%i!n %&" sc!p" !- %&" "n%i%+s l"*al a0%&!ri%/

C!nc"rn"# $i%& p0'lic in%"rna%i!nal la$ i/"/4 cri1inal =0ris#ic%i!n

Prescr#t=e )urs"ct!n

%&" ri*&% %! pr"scri'" $&a% is la$-0l an# 0nla$-0l

s%a%"s ar" -r"" %! 1a>" an la$s %&" s"" %

En%!rcement )urs"ct!n

%&" ri*&% %! "n-!rc" l"*al r0l"s alr"a# pr"scri'"# $&"%&"r a s%a%" is a'l" %! %&"n "n-!rc" %&!s" la$s is #"'a%"a'l"

ASRart 33(Ai&&i/ilit- of lai&

T&" r"sp!nsi'ili% !- a S%a%" 1a n!% '" in)!>"# i-3,a. %&" clai1 is n!% 'r!0*&% in acc!r#anc" $i%& an applica'l" r0l" r"la%in* %! %&"

na%i!nali% !- clai1s

,". %&" clai1 is !n" %! $&ic& %&" r0l" !- "?&a0s%i!n !- l!cal r"1"#i"s appli"s an#an a)aila'l" an# "@"c%i)" l!cal r"1"# &as n!% '""n "?&a0s%"#

Elett%onia Siula% (E"SI 6IC& 12527

T$! US c!rp!ra%i!ns !$n"# ELSI4 an "l"c%r!nics c!1pan in Pal"r1!4 I%al/

A-%"r %&" c!1pan c"as"# %! '" pr!%a'l"4 %&" US c!rp!ra%i!ns s!0*&% %!li0i#a%" ELSI+s ass"%s/

T&" I%alian *!)"rn1"n% %&"n r"0isi%i!n"# %&" ELSI plan% in !r#"r %! pr")"n% i%scl!s0r"/

T&" US %!!> I%al %! %&" ICK4 clai1in* a 'r"ac& !- %&" Treaty of Driendship)

Co((erce and Navigation '"%$""n %&" %$! s%a%"s/ T&" ICK c!nsi#"r"# %&is a 'r"ac& !- %&" r0l" a*ains% "?&a0s%i!n !- l!cal

r"1"#i"s/ T&" US $as !nl c!nc"rn"# a'!0% %&" %r"a%1"n% !- %&"s" %$! USc!rp!ra%i!ns/ T&is $as in s0's%anc" ,i- n!% in -!r1. an ins%anc" !- #ipl!1a%icpr!%"c%i!n/


38/66

INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESF!r "?a1pl"3 %&is la$ 1a>"s i% ill"*al -!r a p"rs!n %! &a)" s"? $i%& a c&il# outsideA0s%ralia pr"scrip%i)" =0ris#ic%i!n in r"*ar#s %! $&a% A0s%ralian ci%i"ns #! $i%& c&il#r"n$&"r")"r/ :!"sn+% sa )ic%i1 n""#s %! '" an A0s%ralian !r $&"%&"r %&" p"rs!nc!11i%%in* %&" cri1" n""#s %! '" A0s%ralian/ A% $&ic& p!in% is A0s%ralia clai1in*"n-!rc"1"n% =0ris#ic%i!n; ,%&" ri*&% %! *! an# arr"s% a Braillian 1an in Brail a'0sin* a

Braillian c&il#;.

FOUR PRINCIPLES OF KURIS:ICTION

TERRITORIAL PRINCIPLEC!nsi#"rs ,here%&" r"l")an% ")"n%s %!!> plac"4 !r $&"r" %&"ir "@"c%s $"r" -"l%

T&is is %&" 1!s% c!11!nl in)!>"# principl"/ Ac%0al #" -ac%! c!n%r!l !- a %"rri%!r %"n#s%! *! &an# in &an# $i%& s%a%"&!!# $i%& s%a%"&!!# c!1"s s!)"r"i*n% an# %&" ri*&% %!pr"scri'" r0l"s in r"*ar#s %! $&a% &app"ns $i%& %&" %"rri%!r in 0"s%i!n/

A s%a%" 1a n!r1all pr"scri'" la$s r" ")"n%s !cc0rrin* $i%&in i%s %"rri%!r4 an#1a "n-!rc" %&!s" la$s a*ains% p"!pl" $i%&in i%s %"rri%!r ,r"*ar#l"ss !- %&"irna%i!nali%./

S%a%"s 1a #! s! in r"la%i!n %! c!n#0c%3

!ri*ina%in* $i%&in i%s %"rri%!r ,s0'="c%i)" %"rri%!rial principl".

"* S%a%" A can pr!s"c0%" X -!r s"n#in* a l"%%"r '!1' -r!1 S%a%" A

%! an a##r"ss in S%a%" C $&"r" %&" "@"c%s ar" -"l% $i%&in i%s %"rri%!r4 !r %&" c!n#0c% par%l !cc0rs

$i%&in i%s %"rri%!r ,!'="c%i)" %"rri%!rial principl".

"* S%a%" C can pr!s"c0%" X -!r s"n#in* a l"%%"r '!1' -r!1 S%a%" A%! S%a%" C4 ass01in* i% r"ac&"s S%a%" C ,Lotuscas".

Pr!'a'l S%a%" B c!0l# als! pr!s"c0%" X i- %&" l"%%"r $"r" s"n% )iaS%a%" B

S&ip %&a% i"s T0r>is& a* is a par% !- T0r>" ")"n %&!0*& %&" s&ips ar" !n %&"Hi*& S"as ,%&is la$ &as c&an*"# sinc" 792.

States are enttle" t! eercse #rescr#t=e an" en%!rcement )urs"ct!nn crcumstances ,here the eJects !% the act!n are %elt n ther terrt!ry

e=en th!u'h the act!ns that cause" the eJects !ccurre" !uts"e therterrt!ry.

KURIS:ICTION OER EENTS OCCURRIN ONBOAR: SHIPS4 AIRCRAFT AN:SPACECRAFTBasic r0l" is %&a% %&" a* !- %&" s&ip &as =0ris#ic%i!n/

W&il" !uts"e state terrt!ry%&" state !% re'strat!n has )urs"ct!n

"* a s&ip !r plan" in !r !)"r in%"rna%i!nal $a%"rs4 !r a spac"cra-% in !0%"rspac"

W&il" ns"e state terrt!ry%&a% state has )urs"ct!n

"* a s&ip !r plan" in !r !)"r %"rri%!rial $a%"rs

a plan" in* !)"r lan# %"rri%!r

Criminal Code s 272.8 (Cth)

(1) A person commits an offence if:


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES &%%p3casa0"r/-0nn"l'ac>/c!1s"arc&s"arc&/c*i;

c!ll"c%i!n6casa]aircra-%]r"*is%"r

&%%p3$$$/air-ra1"s/!r*

NATIONALIT< PRINCIPLE Act=e nat!nalty #rnc#le

c!nsi#"rs %&" na%i!nali% !- %&" cri1inal

l!ca%i!n !- %&" cri1" is irr"l")an%

"* Cri(inal Code s 2Q2/J ,C%&.3 0nla$-0l -!r A0s%ralians %! &a)" s"?$i%& c&il#r"n ")"n $&"n !0%si#" A0s%ralia

Pass=e nat!nalty #rnc#le

c!nsi#"rs %&" na%i!nali% !- %&" )ic%i1

n!% acc"p%"# ' 1!s% s%a%"s ,Brail.

pr!'l"1 $i%& passi)" na%i!nali% principl" 1a>"s i% -ar %!! "as -!r an!n"%! 0nin%"n%i!nall in-rin*" !%&"r s%a%"+s la$s/

PROTECTIE PRINCIPLEC!nsi#"rs $&"%&"r %&" c!n#0c% %&r"a%"ns %&" s%a%"

Si1ilar %! s0'="c%i)" %"rri%!rial principl"/ R"la%"s !nl %! %&" pr!%"c%i!n !- %&" s%a%"/ T&"&ar1 #!"s n!% &a)" %! ac%0all '" -"l% $i%&in %&" s%a%" '0% i% 10s% '" #ir"c%"# %!$ar#s%&" s%a%"+s s"c0ri%/

F!r "?a1pl"4 a%%"1p%"# assassina%i!n !- PM 1i*&% in)!>" pr!%"c%i)" principl" $!0l# n!%1a%%"r $&"r" !r na%i!nali% !- &i1/

Pr!p!s"s %&a% a s%a%" can "?"rcis" cri1inal =0ris#ic%i!n in r"la%i!n %! ac%s %&a% %&r"a%"n !r

in=0r" %&a% s%a%"4 r"*ar#l"ss !- $&"r" %&!s" ac%s %a>" plac" an# %&" na%i!nali% !- %&"p"rp"%ra%!r/

.ich(anncas"3

Isra"l >i#napp"# Eic&1ann4 a -!r1"r Nai4 an# s10**l"# &i1 !0% !-Ar*"n%ina %! s%an# %rial in Isra"l -!r &is r!l" in %&" H!l!ca0s%/

Isra"l clai1"# %&" ri*&% %! #! s! ")"n %&!0*& Eic&1ann $as n!% anIsra"li na%i!nal an# &is ac%i!ns &a# !cc0rr"# !0%si#" Isra"l ,$&ic&an$a #i# n!% "?is% a% %&" %i1" !- %&" H!l!ca0s%./

N")"r a na%i!nal !- Isra"l an# n!n" !- &is cri1"s %!!> plac" in Isra"l/:is%ric% C!0r% !- Isra"l %!!> )i"$ %&a% sp"cial c!nn"c%i!n '"%$""ncri1"s an# Isra"l sinc" %&" $"r" %&" )ic%i1s !- 1!s% !- &is cri1"s/

C!nn"c%i!n '"%$""n %&" K"$is& p"!pl" an# %&" s%a%" !- Isra"l/ K"$is& p"!pl" #i# "?is% a% %i1" !- &!l!ca0s% an# %&" cri1"s $"r"

c!11i%%"# a*ains% %&" K"$is& na%i!n p"!pl" can r"%r!sp"c%i)"lpr!s"c0%"

NB3 c!n#0c% 10s% *"n"rall '" r"*ar#"# as cri1inal ' %&" c!110ni% !-s%a%"s/

I/"/4 $!0l# &a)" '""n #i@"r"n% i- &" &a# !nl s%!l"n %&" 'i>" !- aK"$is& p"rs!n &is ac%i!ns &a# %! '" *"n"rall r"*ar#"# as cri1inalan# %&r"a%"nin* %! %&" K"$is& p"!pl"s/

UNIERSALIT< PRINCIPLE

C!nsi#"rs $&"%&"r %&" cri1" in 0"s%i!n %&r"a%"ns %&" c!110ni% !- s%a%"s as a $&!l"
http://casa-query.funnelback.com/search/search.cgi?collection=casa_aircraft_registerhttp://casa-query.funnelback.com/search/search.cgi?collection=casa_aircraft_registerhttp://www.airframes.org/http://casa-query.funnelback.com/search/search.cgi?collection=casa_aircraft_registerhttp://casa-query.funnelback.com/search/search.cgi?collection=casa_aircraft_registerhttp://www.airframes.org/http://www.airframes.org/


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESAn s%a%" s&!0l# '" a'l" %! pr!s"c0%" an!n" in r"la%i!n %! $&a% %&" &a)" #!n"r"*ar#l"ss !- $&"r" %&" #! i%/

ran%s s%a%"s =0ris#ic%i!n in r"la%i!n %! c!n#0c%4 r"*ar#l"ss !- $&"r" i% %a>"s plac"4%&" na%i!nali% !- %&" p"rp"%ra%!r !r %&" na%i!nali% !- %&" #ir"c% )ic%i1s !- %&"

c!n#0c% R"la%"s !nly t! certan !Jences3 ,$&ic& ")"r!n" a*r""s s&!0l# '"

cri1inalis"# an# 10s% p!s" a %&r"a% %! in%"rna%i!nal !r#"r as a $&!l"./

Pracy 79J2 c!n)"n%i!n !n %&" La$ !- %&" S"a4 ar% 77 #"n"s pirac

Can '" c!11i%%"# in r"la%i!n %! s&ips an# aircra-% ,pr!)i#"# %&"ac%i!ns %a>" plac" !)"r in%"rna%i!nal $a%"rs.

Onl r"la%"s %! PRIATE s&ips an# aircra-% NOT 1ili%ar

R0l"s ar" s! !l# %&" -!r1 par% !- c0s%!1ar la$ as $"ll as '"in*-!0n# in %&" c!n)"n%i!n !- %&" La$ !- %&" S"a

,ar crmes

Eic&1ann cas" in)!>"# 0ni)"rsali% an# pr!%"c%i)" principl"s

N0r"1'"r* %rials *i)"s #"ni%i!n

Onl c!11i%%"# a% %i1"s !- $ar

crmes a'anst humanty

can '" c!11i%%"# a% an %i1"

c!11i%%"# ONL< a*ains% ci)ilians AN: can incl0#" s0c& %&in*s asr"li*i!0s !r racial p"rs"c0%i!n

R!1" S%a%0%" !- ICC cr"a%"s 1!r" "la'!ra%" #"ni%i!ns !- %&"s"!@"nc"s

Gen!c"e

Un#"r R!1" S%a%0%" !- ICC an# 79GJ C!n)"n%i!n !- cri1" an#p0nis&1"n% !- *"n!ci#"

!Jences un"er treates that re;ure #r!secut!n !r etra"t!n,r"0ir"s p"rs!ns %! "?%ra#i%" !r pr!s"c0%" r"*ar#l"ss !- na%i!nali% !-acc0s"# !r na%i!nali% !- )ic%i1s !r $&"r" %&" all"*"# !@"nc"s %!!> plac".

aircra-% &i=ac>in* !r sa'!%a*"

Pa>is%ani na%i!nals &i=ac> an A0s%ralianr"*is%"r"# aircra-%%&a% is r!0%"# -!r %&" USA/ T&" &i=ac> %a>"s plac" !)"r %&"&i*& s"as/

A0s%ralia4 Cana#a an# %&" USA ar" '!%& par%i"s %! %&" 79QC!n)"n%i!n !- Aircra-% Hi=ac>in*/

I- %&" aircra-% lan#s in %&" US an# %&" &i=ac>"rs ar" #"%ain"#4%&" US 10s% "i%&"r3

"?%ra#i%" %&" &i=ac>"rs -!r pr!s"c0%i!n in A0s%ralia4 !r

pr!s"c0%" %&" &i=ac>"rs in %&" USA/

T&" &i=ac>"rs n!$ "scap" in%! Cana#a ,an!%&"r par% %! %&"%r"a%./ T&" ar" cap%0r"# ' %&" Cana#ian p!lic"/ Cana#a10s% "i%&"r3

"?%ra#i%" %&" &i=ac>"rs -!r pr!s"c0%i!n in %&" USA !r A0s%ralia4 !r

pr!s"c0%" %&" &i=ac>"rs in Cana#a/

NB3

"?%ra#i%i!n %! Pa>is%an is n!% an !p%i!n4 n!r is "?%ra#i%i!n %! a s%a%"!n %&" 'asis !- %&" na%i!nali% !- !n" !r 1!r" !- %&" pass"n*"rs !n

%&" plan"/ H!$")"r4 %&" C!n)"n%i!n r" &!s%a*" %a>in* is #i@"r"n%3 i% %a>"s

acc!0n% !- %&" na%i!nali% !- %&" &!s%a*" %a>"r/


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES O%&"r c!n)"n%i!ns ,"* %&" !n" r" %"rr!ris% '!1'in*. als! %a>"s

acc!0n% !- %&" na%i!nali% !- %&" %ar*"%/

1arin" &i=ac>in* !r sa'!%a*"

&!s%a*" %a>in*

%"rr!ris% '!1'in* an# nancin* %!r%0r"

)i!l"nc" a*ains% pr!%"c%"# p"rs!ns

&"a#s !- s%a%" !r *!)"rn1"n% !r -!r"i*n 1inis%"rs ,an# %&"iracc!1panin* -a1ili"s.s

CO:IF


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTES Ar% 73 c!11"rcial %ransac%i!ns

Ar% 773 c!n%rac%s !- "1pl!1"n%

:!"sn+% appl in r"la%i!n %! "1pl!""s $&! &a)" '""n r"cr0i%"# cl!s"lr"la%"# %! %&" "?"rcis" !- *!)"rn1"n% a0%&!ri%

S0c& as %ransla%!rs in an "1'ass

Ar% 723 p"rs!nal in=0ri"s an# #a1a*" %! pr!p"r%

i/"/4 i- s!1"!n" slipp"# in an!%&"r s%a%"4 a s%a%" cann!% in)!>" i110ni%

Ar% 783 !$n"rs&ip4 p!ss"ssi!n an# 0s" !- pr!p"r%

Ar% 7G3 in%"ll"c%0al an# in#0s%rial pr!p"r%

Ar% 753 par%icipa%i!n in c!1pani"s !r !%&"r c!ll"c%i)" '!#i"s

Ar% 73 s&ips !$n"# !r !p"ra%"# ' a s%a%"

Ar% 7Q3 "@"c% !- an ar'i%ra%i!n a*r""1"n%

:IPLOMATIC IMMUNITs li>" %&!s" #isp0%"s $ill *"% !0% !- &an#

Pn!chet+s case

! v ;o0 Street ?etropolitan Stipendiary ?agistrate@ .3 parte Pinochet Ugarte ,2. Pin!c&"% $as Pr"si#"n% !- C&il"4 79Q8 799

:0rin* &is %i1" &" >ill"# 1an an# %!r%0r"# 1an

In 799J ,a-%"r !c". &" )isi%"# L!n#!n -!r 1"#ical %r"a%1"n%

W&il" %&"r"4 a Spanis& c!0r% s!0*&% &is "?%ra#i%i!n in r"la%i!n %! c&ar*"s !- %!r%0r"410r#"r an# c!nspirac %! 10r#"r/ :"1an#"# %&" U #"p!r% &i1 %! Spain s! &"can s%an# %rial %! %&" c&ar*"s/ B"ca0s" %!r%0r" is a 0ni)"rsal Spain c!0l# c&ar*"&i1 r"*ar#l"ss/

Cas" $"n% %! U H!0s" !- L!r#s

H"l# ,H!0s" !- L!r#s4 p"r L!r# Br!$n"Wil>ins!n.3

A's!l0%" i110ni% -!r s"r)in* &"a#s !- s%a%" &!$")"r '"ca0s" Pin!c&"%is n! l!n*"r &/!/s &" $as n! l!n*"r pr!%"c%"#

N! i110ni% -!r -!r1"r &"a#s !- s%a%" in r"la%i!n %! ac%s $&ic&4 a% %&" %i1"$&"n %&" !cc0rr"#4 c!ns%i%0%"# an in%"rna%i!nal cri1" -!r $&ic& a -!r1 !-0ni)"rsal =0ris#ic%i!n &as '""n "s%a'lis&"# ,"* %!r%0r".

S!)"r"i*n i110ni% is !nl li-%"# in r"la%i!n %! ac%s $&"n4 a% %&" %i1" %&a%%&" !cc0rr"#4 c!ns%i%0%"# an in%"rna%i!nal cri1"


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INTERNATIONAL LAW LAWS259 EXAM NOTESUN Charter Cha#ter @I

Appli"s %! #isp0%"s $i%& %&" p!%"n%ial %! l"a# %! a 'r"ac& !- in%"rna%i!nal p"ac" an#s"c0ri%

Ar% 883 par%i"s s&!0l# rs% !- all s""> a p"ac"-0l s!l0%i!n

Ar% 8G3 UNSC 1a in)"s%i*a%" #isp0%" Ar% 853 s%a%"s 1a 'rin* %&" #isp0%" %! %&" a%%"n%i!n !- %&" UNSC !r UNA

Ar% 83 UNSC 1a 1a>" r"c!11"n#a%i!ns%&" pr!p"r plac" -!r s"%%l"1"n% !-#isp0%"s is n!% %&" SC '0% %&" ICK an# c"r%ainl %&" SC cann!% 1a>" !r#"rs 0nl"ssC&ap%"r Q >ic>s in ,%&"n i% can 1a>" !r#"rs./

Ar% 8Q3 i- a%%"1p%s a% a p"ac"-0l s!l0%i!n -ail4 %&" #isp0%" 10s% '" r"-"rr"# %! %&"UNSC

In %&" ")"n% !- a %&r"a%"n"# !r ac%0al 'r"ac& !- %&" p"ac" !r ac% !- a**r"ssi!n4 %&"UNSC+s C&ap%"r II p!$"rs ar" "n*a*"#3 UNSC can a0%&!ris" sanc%i!ns !r ")"n1ili%ar ac%i!n

NONKU:ICIAL SETTLEMENT OF :ISPUTES1. @!lence

UN C&ar%"r Ar% 2,8.3

R"0ir"s s%a%"s %! s"%%l" #isp0%"s in p"ac"-0l 1"ans s! %&a% p"ac" an#s"c0ri% as $"ll as =0s%ic" ar" n!% "n#an*"r"#/ "r cl"ar %&a% )i!l"nc" isn! l!n*"r a la$-0l !p%i!n/

H!$")"r4 )i!l"nc" c!0l# '" 0s"# in s"l- #"-"nc" !r a0%&!ri"# ' SC/

T&"r" is n! c"n%ral "n-!rc"1"n% a*"nc in in%"rna%i!nal la$ %! $&ic& la$-0l)i!l"nc" c!0l# '" !p"ra%"#/

UN S"c0ri% C!0ncil is 1!r" li>" a %!$n s&"ri@ "n%i%l"# %! !r*ani" *r!0ps %!*! a-%"r ('a# *0s+/

"ll!**Brian# Pac%3 &as n!$ '""n !)"r%a>"n ' UN C&ar%"r 79G5/

/. Ne'!tat!n

1a '" assis%"# ' "n0ir4 *!!# !c"s4 1"#ia%i!n an# c!ncilia%i!n

A#)an%a*"s3

can '" 0ic> an# c&"ap

1a r"s0l% in an a1ica'l" arran*"1"n%

:isa#)an%a*"s3

#! n!% *0aran%"" a s"%%l"1"n%

s"%%l"1"n% is p

International Law - Exam Notes

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