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International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Tore Svenning
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
The Federation and Shelter
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Why, and why now?
-Long history and recent experience-National Society involvement-Operational and co-ordination gaps
-Think we can do something useful by sharing our collective and individual experience and expertise
IFRC and Shelter: Where we are coming from
…over time
…geographically
…volume
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
"Destructive" Disasters 1919-2004
Earthquake
Floods and Cyclones
Storms and Fires
Volcanoes
Population Movement
Other
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Geographical 1919-2004
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
MENA
Multiregional
IFRC and Shelter: Recent
Pakistan
Tsunami
Caribbean Hurricanes
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC and Shelter: Pakistan
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
105 801 families
57 704 Tents
431 728 Blankets
19 708 Sleeping Bags
120 527 Tarpaulins
11 991 Shelter Repair Kits
IFRC and Shelter: Tsunami
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
• Indonesia: planning more than 30 000 permanent housing units
• Sri Lanka: nearly 6 700 houses
• Maldives: 600 houses on Green Island
IFRC and Shelter: Hurricane Ivan (2004)
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
• 10 000 families in Grenada; 7 500 in Jamaica; 1 000 in Cayman Islands and 3000 in Cuba:
• Plastic Sheeting, Tarpaulins, Blankets, galvanized sheets, WatSan…
• Complex multi-country operation, and an opportunity to strengthen disaster preparedness
• Adaptability to local circumstances: National Society the key
IFRC and Shelter: What are we talking about?
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
• 183 members – at least 183 opinions…– Tents and Tarpaulins (many Societies)– Host families– Evacuation shelter – schools, etc (American Red Cross, Cuban Red Cross)– Cyclone Shelters (Bangladesh Red Crescent, Indian Red Cross)– Temporary shelter – Reconstruction and construction of permanent housing
IFRC: Organisational Framework
• National Societies
• International Federation
• Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
A little about National Societies:
– In terms of day-to-day activities and organisation not very different from many other organisations
– National organisations: based on domestic legislation, recognised by their own governments, legally guaranteed independence, auxiliaries to the public authorities
– Often, but not always, a clear mandate from the government giving it ability to act, but sometimes constraining the range of activities.
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
A little more about National Societies:
– Primarily responsible for responding to needs among their own population
– Ability to reach out to support a Sister Society• In agreement with the “host” and under a set of
recognised rules and often, but not always, co-ordinated by the Federation or the ICRC (depending on the situation)
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC and Shelter: Involvement
Organised in several ways:- National Societies acting at home- National Societies acting internationally- Secretariat Co-ordination- Secretariat Operation
- And combinations- And in co-operation with ICRC
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC: Holding it all together
Elements:
- Fundamental Principles
- Shared policies and approaches
- Shared capacities- Adaptability to local circumstances
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Fundamental Principles
• Humanity
• Impartiality
• Neutrality
• Independence
• Voluntary service
• Unity
• Universality
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC: Shared Policies
Shared policies and approaches:
• Disaster Management Framework
• Post-emergency rehabilitation policy
• Principles and Rules for Disaster Relief
• Code of Conduct, Sphere– etc
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC and Policies: The example of standard setting
• Seen from the point of view of, e.g., Iranian Red Crescent the question is – whose standards?– Federation?– Movement?– “International”– Iranian National?
• If different – whose will be applied?
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC: Capacities
- Shared Capacities:- National Society domestic capacities- FACT- ERU- DMIS- DREF
- Need to develop shared capacities also related to shelter
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC and Shelter: Objectives
• Address shelter needs in natural disasters through
• Scaling up collective capacity
• Working with other organisations and supporting co-ordination
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC and Shelter: Issues
• Who is the primary actor in disaster response:– The National Society – at home – “auxiliary”– The role and responsibility of “foreign” National Societies– Relationship between operational response and co-ordination
role– Working with others
• Alliances and partnerships
• The dreaded cluster…
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
“IFRC and Clusters”
• The “cluster” approach is a UN led systematic approach to ensure predictability
• The Federation works with the “clusters” but does not lead one
• Federation takes action under its own mandate and accountability, with its own resources, and according to its own assessment of needs and offer the resulting capacity to the humanitarian community
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC and Shelter: Where next?
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
• Build shared capacity in Shelter
• Shelter Department
• Hosting office of the Shelter Centre
• Building Co-ordination capacity
• Developing a policy framework linked to existing policies in fields such as disaster preparedness, water and sanitation, health and a new recovery policy
• Develop training
• Structured and ad hoc alliances and partnerships
International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
THANK YOU!