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Josef Spitzer – IEA Bioenergybased on presentations by

Anselm Eisentraut (IEA Secretariat)

International Energy Agency Biofuels & Bioenergy

Technology Roadmaps

Joint Research Center of the European Commission – EC JRCNational Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Workshop “International Cooperation in the Field of Bioenergy”Moscow, 22 – 23 October 2013

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Content

• IEA Technology Roadmaps• Goal and scope• Bioenergy Roadmaps

• Key Policy Actions – How2Guides• IEA Bioenergy: International

Bioenergy RD&D Cooperation

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Content

• IEA Technology Roadmaps• Goal and scope• Bioenergy Roadmaps

• Key Policy Actions – How2Guides• IEA Bioenergy : International

Bioenergy RD&D Cooperation

CO2 emission reduction scenarios

IEA Technology RoadmapsDevelop pathways to reach large scale use of low-carbon technologies, based on Energy Technology Perspectives publication, under consultation of industry, governmental and research institutions as well as NGOs

� Identify barriers and obstacles and how to overcome these� Identify key conversion pathways� Identify key RD&D gaps and how to fill them while ensuring

sustainability� Identify market requirements and policy needs� Define international collaboration needs

For more information: www.iea.org/roadmaps

IEA Technology Roadmaps• Bioenergy for Heat and Power• Biofuels for Transport• Carbon Capture and Storage• Carbon Capture and Storage

in Industrial Applications• Cement• Chemical Industry via Catalytic

Processes• Concentrating Solar Power• Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles• Energy-efficient Buildings: Heating and

Cooling Equipment• Energy-efficient Building Envelopes

• Energy Storage• Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles• Geothermal Heat and Power• High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions

Coal-Fired Power Generation• Hydrogen• Hydropower• Low-Carbon Technology for

the Indian Cement Industry• Nuclear Energy• Solar Photovoltaic Energy• Smart Grids• Solar Heating and Cooling• Wind Energy

IEA Technology Roadmaps• Bioenergy for Heat and Power• Biofuels for Transport• Carbon Capture and Storage• Carbon Capture and Storage

in Industrial Applications• Cement• Chemical Industry via Catalytic

Processes• Concentrating Solar Power• Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles• Energy-efficient Buildings: Heating and

Cooling Equipment• Energy-efficient Building Envelopes

• Energy Storage• Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles• Geothermal Heat and Power• High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions

Coal-Fired Power Generation• Hydrogen• Hydropower• Low-Carbon Technology for

the Indian Cement Industry• Nuclear Energy• Solar Photovoltaic Energy• Smart Grids• Solar Heating and Cooling• Wind Energy

Key role of bioenergy in a low-carbon future (1)

Key role of bioenergy in a low-carbon future (2)

� Reaching the 2DS will require 42 Gt CO2 annual emissions reduction by 2050 through CO2-price and strong support policies

� Biomass is the only renewable energy source that can make a contribution in all sectors, providing around 10% of total CO2 emissions reduction

Source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

6°C Scenario emissions: 58 Gt ------------>

2°C Scenario emissions: 16 Gt ------------>

Bioenergytechnologies

Emissions reduction in 2050

Bioenergy power 1.0 Gt CO2-eq

Bio-power + CCS 0.3 Gt CO2-eq

Bioenergy heat (industry)

0.5 Gt CO2-eq

Bioenergy heat (buildings)

0.1 Gt CO2-eq

Biofuels 2.1 Gt CO2-eq

Total 4.1 Gt CO 2-eq

© OECD/IEA 2011

Anselm Eisentraut

Bioenergy Analyst

2011

IEA Biofuel Roadmap: Vision

� Global biofuel supply grows from 2.5 EJ today to 32 EJ in 2050 – Demand increases in all regions� Biofuels share in total transport fuel increases from 2% today, to 27% in 2050� Diesel/kerosene-type biofuels become particularly important to decarbonise heavy transport modes

� Large-scale deployment of advanced biofuels will be key to meet the roadmap targets

� Trade will be needed to balance supply and demand for feedstocks and biofuels

Fin

al

en

erg

y (

EJ)

Advanced Biofuel Production Capacity

� Currently announced advanced biofuel projects would be sufficient to meet roadmap vision until 2015

� Beyond 2015, considerably more new projects will be needed, and even more so after 2020

Note: A load factor of 70% is assumed for fully operational plants. Actual production volumes may be well

below nameplate capacity within the first years of production.

Land Requirements

� Land required to produce biofuels increases from 30 Mha today to 100 Mha in 2050, in addition to

1 billion tons of residues

� Sustainable land expansion will be challenging given increasing demand for food and biomaterial

� Land-use management is needed (for all agricultural. and forestry land)!

Pressure on agricultural land can be

limited and risk of ILUC can be mitigated

through:

� Productivity improvements

� Efficient use of co-products

(biorefinery concept)

� Use of residues and wastes

� Use of pasture/ unused land

� Potential for wood biomass

� Biomass cascading

� Land-use zoning and sustainable land-

use management schemes

Note: This is gross land demand, excluding land-use reduction potential of co-products

Biofuel Production Costs 2010-50

Most conventional biofuels still have some potential for cost improvements

Production costs shown as untaxed retail price

© OECD/IEA 2011

Anselm Eisentraut

Bioenergy Analyst

2012

Total Primary Energy Supply by Fuel Source

� Bioenergy accounts for 24% of primary energy supply by 2050 in the 2°C Scenario (2DS)

� In the 2DS 250-400 Mha of land, i.e. 5-8% of total agricultural land today,will be needed in 2050

Source: Energy Technology

Perspectives 2012

Bioenergy consumption in buildings declines

• Traditional biomass use is replaced with more effic ient cook stoves, and alternative fuels

• Buildings becoming more energy-efficient

Industry set to triple consumption of bioenergy

• Bioenergy is low-carbon alternative for coke and co al for high temperature heat production

Bioenergy – a competitive heat source in many circumstances

World bioenergy electricity supply to grow more then ten-fold

Bioenergy Share in total electricity generation increases from

1.5% today, to 7.5% in 2050

Bioenergy electricity generation costs are strongly scale-dependend

Biomass supply prospects -uncertainties remain

• Biomass demand for heat and power reaches 5-7 billi on tons in 2050• Intermediate targets should be adopted to enhance i nternational biomass

trade, and assess costs and impact on sustainabilit y

Source: Adapted from IPCC (2011), and supplemented with IEA data

Source: Based on IPCC SRREN, 20112050 (2°C)

2011

Total World Energy Demand

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Content

• IEA Technology Roadmaps• Goal and scope• Bioenergy Roadmaps

• Key Policy Actions – How2Guides• IEA Bioenergy : International

Bioenergy RD&D Cooperation

Key Policy Actions� Ambitious policy framework:

� Create a long-term policy framework for bioenergy, taking into consideration specifics of transport fuels, electricity and heat markets

� Innovation and Deployment:� Provide sustained funding for advanced bioenergy RD&D and commercial deployment.� Support research efforts on land availability mapping and biomass potential analysis.

� Sustainability:� Implement internationally agreed sustainability criteria for bioenergy� Link economic incentives to sustainability performance of biofuels.� Set medium-term targets for sustainable biomass supply to help establish supply

chains; incentivize the use of wastes and residues

� International Collaboration:� Engage in international collaboration on capacity building and technology transfer� Introduce technical standards for biomass feedstock to promote international trade� Promote the alignment of biofuel and other related policies (agriculture, forestry, rural

development)

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Content

• IEA Technology Roadmaps• Goal and scope• Bioenergy Roadmaps

• Key Policy Actions – How2Guides• IEA Bioenergy : International

Bioenergy RD&D Cooperation

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IEA Bioenergy is an international collaboration set up in 1978 by the International Energy Agency (IEA) as one of more than 40 “Implementing Agreements” within IEA’s Energy Technology Network

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Strategic Plan

Vision : To achieve a substantial bioenergy contribution to future global energy supplies by accelerating the production and use of environmentally sound, socially accepted and cost-competitive bioenergy on a sustainable basis, thus providing increased security of supply whilst reducinggreenhouse gas emissions from energy use.

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Bioenergy• already plays a major role supplying ~10% of world

primary energy supplies

Fuel Shares in World Total Primary Energy Supply 2005

20%

26%10%2%0%0%6%

36%

Natural Gas

Coal

Bioenergy

Hydro

Other Renewables

Non renewable waste

Nuclear

Oil

IEA Renewables Information 2007

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• has significant scope to make a greater contributio n to secure and sustainable energy provision

Bioenergy

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• involves a range of feedstocks and technology optio ns that can produce heat, power and liquid fuels

Bioenergy

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Agreement ActivitiesExecutive Committee• Bi-annual ExCo meetings, management of the IA • Topical Workshops• Annual report, newsletters, website• Strategic Position Papers

Tasks• Coordination of national RD&D programmes,

information exchange and joint projects• Task meetings, study tours and workshops• Publications, reports, newsletters, websites• Networking with industrial and other stakeholders

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24 Contracting Parties• Australia• Austria• Belgium• Brazil• Canada• Croatia• Denmark• European Commission• Finland• France• Germany• Ireland

• Italy• Japan• Korea• Netherlands• New Zealand• Norway• South Africa• Sweden• Switzerland• Turkey• United Kingdom• United States

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12 Task in three areas

• FeedstockForest and agricultural products, MSW and recovered fuels

• ConversionCombustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, biorefineries

• Integrating Research IssuesGHG balances, socioeconomic drivers, international trade, systems analysis

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Workshops- held in conjunction with Executive Committee Meetings…..

• Availability of biomass resources

• The biorefinery concept

• Biofuels for transport - part of a sustainable future

• Bioenergy – the impact of indirect land use change

• Algae the future for bioenergy?

• Developing sustainable trade in bioenergy

• Environmental Sustainability of Biomass

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Strategic Position Papers

• Sustainable Production of Woody Biomass for Energy

• Municipal Solid Waste and Its Role in Sustainability

• Benefits of Bioenergy

• Potential Contribution of Bioenergy to Future World Energy Needs

• Using a Lifecycle Assessment Approach to Estimate the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Bioenergy

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Annual Reports and Newsletters• Annual Report: Report from the

Executive Committee, progress reports on each Task, feature article and information on budgets and participation

• IEA Bioenergy News: Report on ExCo meeting and workshop, editorial from a Member Country, news from the Tasks recent publications and upcoming events

www.ieabioenergy.com

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Thanks to:• The co-authors of the IEA Technology Roadmaps: Anselm

Eisentraut, Adam Brown• Colleagues from IEA Bioenergy

www.ieabioenergy.com

References:• Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

www.iea.org/etp• IEA Technology Roadmaps

www.iea.org/roadmaps

Acknowledgements